• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.31-44
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to examine the normal lumbar proprioception and identify the effect of vision and proprioception on lumbar movement accuracy through measuring a reposition error in visual and non-visual conditions and to provide the basic data for use of vision when rehabilitation program is applied. The subjects of this study were 39 healthy university students who have average physical activity level. They were measured the ability to reproduce the target position(50% of maximal range of motion) of flexion, extension, dominant and non-dominant side flexion in visual and non-visual conditions. Movement accuracy was assessed by reposition error(differences between intended and actual positions) that is calculated by the average of absolute value of 3 repeated measures at each directions. The data were analysed by paired samples t-test, independent samples t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. Movement accuracy of flexion, extension, dominant side flexion, and non-dominant side flexion was increased in visual condition. 2. There were no differences in the lumbar movement accuracy between sexes in visual and non-visual conditions. 3. In non-visual condition, the movement in coronal plane(dominant and non dominant side flexion) is more accurate than that in sagittal plane(flexion and extension). 4. In non-visual condition, there were no differences in the lumbar movement accuracy between dominant and non-dominant side flexion. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the movement is more accurate when the visual information input is available than proprioception is only available. When proprioception is decreased by injury or disease, it disturbs the control of posture and movement. In this case, human controls the posture and movement by using visual compensation. However it is impossible to prevent an injury or trauma because most of injuries occur in an unexpected situation. For this reason, it is important to improve the proprioception. Therefore, proprioceptive training or exercise which improve the ability to control of posture and movement is performed an appropriate control of permission or interception of the visual information input to prevent an excessive visual compensation.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.257-274
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• 2001

To properly prepare teeth, dentists require a direct view of the working area and are often placed in a difficult position, moreover, a high proportion of dentists suffer from headache and back pain. Dentists who make use of the dental mirror and position their patients carefully to gain a proper view report less headache, pain and discomfort in the shoulders. It is recommended that dentists learn the "Home Position(H.P.)" which among the various "Random Position(R.P.)" methods, enables dentists to approach their patients in a stable posture. The purpose of this study was to compare tooth preparation in the H.P. and the R.P., and evaluate the clinical efficacy of the H.P.. Tooth preparation for a full cast crown was performed on the maxillary left 1st molar using the H.P. and the R.P., and the shapes of the prepared tooth surfaces at the two different operating positions were compared. The amount of occlusal reduction, marginal width, height, and axial taper were measured and analyzed. A T-test was performed separately to compare the results of the H.P. and the R.P. with respect to the accuracy of the corresponding tooth reduction. The results were as follows. ; 1. The amount of occlusal reduction was excessive on the mesiobuccal cusp(P<0.05), and deficient on the lingual cusp in the H.P.(P<0.01). In the R.P., this was excessive on the buccal cusp and deficient on the fossa and distolingual cusp(P<0.01). 2. The amounts of marginal width were excessive in all areas except on the lingual and mesial surfaces in the H.P. and lingual surface in the R.P.(P<0.01). 3. The marginal heights were achieved more accurately in the R.P. than the H.P.(P<0.01). 4. Axial surface taper was excessive in all areas in the H.P.(P<0.01). But the axial taper of measured areas was even, and tooth is more like to retain its original axis after reduction. In the R.P., axial surface taper was excessive on the mesial and buccal area, and deficient on the distolingual area(P<0.01), and therefore, the axis of the prepared teeth was tipped in the distolingual direction. 5. The times needed for preparation were 12 minutes and 49 seconds in the H.P., and 11 minutes and 35 seconds in the R.P., and the R.P. was statistically faster(P<0.01). The tooth preparation in the H.P. achieved its goal, in that it enabled the operator to make even tooth reduction. In conclusion, the H.P. system offers an improved method that can be used in clinic after specific training.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.19-29
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• 2004

Many muscles of the trunk and hip are capable of contributing to the stabilization and protection of the lumbar spine. To have optimal effectiveness, a training program should include dynamic back/stomach/hip exercises. This study was designed to assess the L5 level paraspinal, external abdominal oblique, and gluteus maximus muscle activities during various low back stabilization exercises. Participants were 26 healthy adults (13 males, 13 Females), aged 21 to 28 years. The surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the L5 level paraspinal, external abdominal oblique, and gluteus maximus muscles. The recorded signal was averaged and normalized to the maximal electromyographic amplitude obtained during the maximal voluntary contraction. The measurements were taken during 3 low back stabilization exercises. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to examine the difference, and a post hoc test was performed with least significant difference. A level of significance was set at p<.05. The significance of difference between men and women, and between the electromyographic recording sites was evaluated by an independent t-test. The EMG activity for the externus oblique and gluteus maximus muscles had significant differences among 3 exercises (p<.05). In males, the EMG activity for the external abdominal oblique muscle had significantly increased differences during exercises 1 and exercise 2 (p<.05). The gluteus maximus muscle had significantly increased differences during exercise 2 and exercise 3 (p<.05). In females, the multifidus muscle had significantly increased difference during exercise 3 (p<.05), the external abdominal oblique muscle had significantly increased difference during exercise 1 (p<.05). and the gluteus maximus muscle had significantly decreased difference during exercise 3 (p<.05). The results were that the external abdominal oblique muscle was apparently activated during the curl-up exercise in females and males, and the multifidus muscle was apparently activated during the bridging exercise in females and during the sling exercise in males and females.1)In comparison of the %MVC between males and females, exercise 2 and exercise 3 apparently activated of the multifidus and gluteus maximus muscles in both males and females (p<.05). The EMG activity of the gluteus maximus muscle of the males significantly increased during exercise 2 and exercise 3 (p<.05). The EMG activity the multifidus muscle of the females was significantly increased during exercise 2 and exercise 3 (p<.05). More research is needed to understand the nature of motor control problems in the deep muscles in patients with low back pain.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.89-107
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of using cervical spinal stabilization exercise for the improvement of pain intensity, cervical range of motion, neck disability index, reposition sense, muscle tenderness with chronic neck pain in private security. For 21 patients diagnosed with chronic cervical pain and divided into cervical spinal stabilization exercise group and postural correction exercise group. Each exercise was conducted for 8 weeks. Pain and neck disability index were measured before and after exercise using the visual analogue scale(VAS) and the neck disability index(NDI). Range of motion were measured electronic goniometer, muscle tenderness of upper trapezius ad sternocleidomatoid were measured algometer, reposition sense were measured reposition panel before and after exercise. After 8 weeks of exercise, the cervical stabilization exercise group pain and neck disability were significantly decreased(p<0.05). Also there was significant difference in both group(p<0.05). In addition, range of motion, muscle tenderness reduce rate, reposition sense were significantly increase as compared to the pre-post exercise in cervical stabilization exercise group(p<0.05). But there was no significantly difference in postural correction group before and after exercise(p>0.05). And there was significantly increase more cervical stabilization exercise group than postural correction exercise group in range of motion, muscle tenderness reduce, reposition sense. In summary, cervical spinal stabilization exercise is more effective in improving cervical range of motion, muscle pain, reposition sense in private security on chronic cervical pain patients, in reducing patients' pain and disability. It is an effective treatment to aid rehabilitation in these cases.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.353-359
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• 2005

Objectives: Dysphagia is a common in stroke patients. Dysphagia often affects the rehabilitation of stroke patients by increasing the risk of nutritional deficits and aspiration pneumonia. Despite the proliferation of physical therapies including swallowing training, much controversy remains regarding the application and benefit of them. Therefore, in this study, the clinical effect of moxibustion at Chonjung(CV17, Shanzhong) on post-stroke dysphagia were assessed using Swallowing Provocation Test(SPT). Methods: Dysphagia subjects were selected by Dysphagia Screening Test. Swallowing function was tested by Swallowing Provocation Test(sec). Direct moxibustion was applied to the acupoint, Chonjung, five times and Swallowing Provocation Test was performed before and after 30 minute. The Latency Time of Swallowing Reflex (LTSR) was checked by SPT. To find factors related with improving swallowing function, Cold-Heat and Excess-Deficiency Diagnosis were considered. Results: A total of 42 patient were included, but two of them were excluded due to severe coughing. Overall, the swallowing reflex improved significantly. In subgroup analysis on brain lesion, non-brain stem lesion patients significantly improved. Moxibustion was more effective in the cold group than in the heat group, but there were no differences between the Excess and the Deficiency groups. Conclusions: The result of this clinical study suggest that moxibustion at Chonjung(CV17, Shanzhong) is an effective treatment for the dysphagia patients after stroke, especially in non-brain stem lesion and the cold diagnosed patients.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to develop a competency indicators of occupational therapists for occupation-based intervention by conducting a Delphi survey to occupation-based intervention experts. Methods : After analyzing the data related to occupational therapists indicators in korea, the results of Delphi survey were collected three times from October to December 2016. Based on the results, we developed occupational therapists competency indicators for occupation-based intervention through expert panel's opinions. Results : Based on the eight competency elements, the competency indicators were examined by 133 primary and 133 secondary competency indicators. Finally, 131 competency indicators were developed based on 8 components as occupational therapist competence indicators for occupation-based intervention. The results of the third delphi showed a high level of content validity of .95, stability of .10, convergence of 0, and consensus of 1. Conclusion : The developed occupational therapist competence indicators for occupation-based intervention could be used in various clinical decision making such as occupation-based intervention, education training, education development and evaluation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1212-1219
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• 2012

This study was to investigate the balancing and clinical abilities trunk muscle stabilization exercise and trunk muscle resistive exercise of stroke patients having surface changes in balance of body. The subjects of this study were 30 stroke patients(15 males and 15 females) that three times a week for 12 weeks at the same time point and with the same amount of exercise. They were separated into two groups and did reinforcing exercise on trunk muscle stabilization exercise and trunk muscle resistive exercise for three times a week for twelve weeks. It were measured balancing ability, they performed functional standing balance test, functional forward arm stretching test. performance-oriented mobility assessment, berg balance scale. The balancing exercises were modified from preceding studies and consisted of 6 difference exercises. The functional standing test with open and close eyes and performance-oriented mobility assessment, the trunk muscle stabilization exercise group and the trunk muscle resistive exercise group improved significantly. The forward arm stretching was test the trunk muscle stabilization exercise group more improved. This study found that the balancing exercise on trunk muscle stabilization exercise was more effective than trunk muscle resistive exercise for stroke patients. Thus, trunk muscle stabilization exercise has more positive effects on the improvement of balancing abilities of stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.6237-6245
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of backward walking with rhythmic auditory stimulation on the gait and balance of stroke patients. Twenty-one people were divided randomly into three groups; group I(n=7, forward walking), group II(n=7, backward walking), group III(n=7, backward walking by rhythmic auditory stimulation). Each group was trained for 30 minutes 5 times per week for 3 weeks, and was evaluated using a 10m walking test, time up and go test, functional reach test, stride length and step length asymmetry ratio. As a result, the pre- to post-test measures revealed a significant effect in each group on the gait speed, gait symmetry and balance(p<.05). The walking speed, gait symmetry and balance were higher in group II (p<.05) than in group I and it was the highest in group III(p<.05). The stride length was higher in group II and group III(p<.05) than in group I. In conclusion, for stroke patients, backward walking training with rhythmic auditory stimulation is effective on the gait speed, gait symmetry and balance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.463-473
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between the cognitive functions, health conditions, activities of daily living, depression and sleep states among the elderly at care facilities. The subjects include 204 elderly people aged 65. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. The findings show that the cognitive functions of the elderly at care facilities are related to their engagement in regular exercise, duration of residency, grade of care, lack of physical freedom, listening ability, state of teeth, urinary incontinence, activities of daily living, and state of sleep. Their cognitive functions had positive correlations with activities of daily living and negative correlations with state of sleep. Their cognitive impairment was significantly influenced by their engagement in regular exercise, duration of residency, grade of care, listening ability, ADL, IAD dependency, and sleep disorder. In short, the cognitive functions of the elderly at care facilities are highly related to their health conditions as perceived and felt by them. It is thus required to develop, apply, and consistently assess and manage cognitive rehabilitation training programs to provide interventions for the factors that influence their cognitive impairment.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.286-291
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• 2020

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) causes a reduction in the balance of the lower extremities. Static and dynamic balance were evaluated separately to confirm the decrease in balance in patients underwent ACLR. The commonly used methods include the Biodex Balance System (BBS) for static balance and the Y balance test (YBT) for dynamic balance. No study has evaluated whether the static and dynamic balance of the involved side recovers as much as the uninvolved side one year after ACLR. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the recovery of static and dynamic balance between the involved and the uninvolved sides. Methods: The BBS (overall, anteroposterior index, and mediolateral index) and YBT (anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial) of 58 patients underwent ACLR were measured one year postoperation. Both sides of the BBS and the YBT were compared using the paired t-test. Results: All the index of the BBS showed no difference between the involved and the uninvolved sides, while all the scores of the YBT showed a significant difference in both sides. The YBT anterior result was 54.64 ± 5.62 cm in the involved side and 56.90 ± 5.41 cm in the uninvolved side (p = 0.001). The YBT posterolateral results were 90.12 ± 10.51 cm and 92.34 ± 9.85 cm (p = 0.013). The YBT posteromedial results were 93.72 ± 8.84 cm and 96.14 ± 9.37 cm (p = 0.002). Conclusion: A year after ACLR, the static balance showed no difference, while the dynamic balance showed a significant difference in the involved and the uninvolved sides. The static balance of the involved side recovered as much as the uninvolved side, but the dynamic balance did not. Therefore, dynamic balance training should be considered in the rehabilitation program for patients underwent ACLR.