• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.184-192
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• 2020

This study presents a gait analysis method (including time series analysis) using a smart insole as an objective and quantitative evaluating method after lumbar scoliosis surgery. The participant is a degenerative lumbar scoliosis patient. She took 3-min-gait-test four times(before and 8, 16, and 204-days after surgery) and 6-min-gait-test once(204-days after surgery) with smart-insoles in her shoes. Each insole has 8-pressure sensors, an accelerometer, and a gyroscope. The measured values were used to compare the characteristics of gait before and after surgery. The analysis showed that all of the patient's gait parameters improved after surgery. And after 6 months, the gait was more stable. However, after long walk, the swing duration of one leg was slightly shorter than that of the other again. It was a preclinical problem that could not be found in the visual examination by the practitioner. With this analysis method we could evaluate the improvement of patient quantitatively and objectively. And we could find a preclinical problem. This analysis method will lead to the studies that define and distinguish gait patterns of certain diseases, helping to determine appropriate treatments.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.469-475
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• 2008

It is obvious that chloride penetration through cracks can threaten the durability of concrete substantially, according to the previous studies of author. It was proposed that crack depth corrseponded with critical crack width from the surface is a crucial factor in view of durability design of concrete structures. It is now necessary to deal with chloride penetration through microcracks characterized with the mixing features of concrete. The purpose of this study is examining the effect of mix proportional features of concrete such as coarse aggregate, high strengtherize of concrete and reinforcement of steel fiber on chloride penetration through cracks. Although small size of coarse aggregate can lead to many microcracks in concrete, the cracks should not impact on chloride penetration directly. On the contrary, chloride should penetrate through cracks easily in concrete with a large size of coarse aggregate because mixrocracks are connected to each other. Second, high strength concrete has an excellent performance to resist with chloride penetration. However, for cracked high strength concrete, its performance is reduced upto the level of ordinary concrete. Finally, steel fiber reinforcement is effective to reduce chloride penetration through cracks because steel fiber reinforcement can lead to reduce crack depth significantly.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.171-183
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• 2020

The main objective of this study is the assessment of the ability of limestone mortars to resist to different chemical attacks. The ability of polypropylene (PP) fibres waste used as reinforcement of these concrete materials to enhance their durability is also studied. Crushed sand 0/2 mm which is a fine limestone residue obtained by the crushing of natural rocks in aggregates industry is used for the fabrication of the mortar. The fibres used, which are obtained from the waste of domestic plastic sweeps' fabrication, have a length of 20 mm and a diameter ranging between 0.38 and 0.51 mm. Two weight fibres contents are used, 0.5 and 1%. The durability tests carried out in this investigation included the water absorption by capillarity, the mass variation, the flexural and the compressive strengths of the mortar specimens immersed for 366 days in 5% sodium chloride, 5% magnesium sulphate and 5% sulphuric acid solutions. A mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a visual inspection are used for a better examination of the quality of tested mortars and for better interpretation of their behaviour in different solutions. The results indicate that the reinforcement of limestone mortar by PP fibres waste is an excellent solution to improve its chemical resistance and durability. Moreover, the presence of PP fibres waste does not affect significantly the water absorption by capillarity of mortar nether its mass variation, when exposed to chloride and sulphate solutions. While in sulphuric acid, the mass loss is higher with the presence of PP fibres waste, especially after an exposure of 180 days. The results reveal that these fibres have a considerable effect of the flexural and the compressive behaviour of mortar especially in acid solution, where a reduction of strength loss is observed. The mineralogical analysis confirms the good behaviour of mortar immersed in sulphate and chloride solutions; and shows that more gypsum is formed in mortar exposed to acid environment causing its rapid degradation. The visual observation reveals that only samples exposed to acid attack during 366 days have showed a surface damage extending over a depth of approximately 300 ㎛.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.87-96
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the convergence effectiveness of treadmill training in patients with chronic stroke through a meta-analysis. After searching the literature based on the patients, intervention, comparison, outcome criteria, and study desigan, a total of 22 studies related to "stroke" and "treadmill" were eligible for inclusion. Effect size was calculated using the comprehensive meta-analysis program for the meta-analysis. Based on the forest plot results, the overall effect size of treadmill training was 0.661 (95% confidence interval: 0.456-0.865), which was statistically significant with a medium effect size (p < 0.05). The effects of treadmill training on patients with stroke were separated by dependent variables of interest-plantar pressure (1.147), lower limb muscle function (0.875), and balance (0.664). The effect sizes were evaluated for the subdomains of timed up and go test (0.553), Berg Balance Scale (0.760), and static balance index (0.654) for balance. Therefore, treadmill training can be expected to have a positive impact on improving the quality of life of patients with chronic stroke. This meta-analysis of treadmill training may the lead to an industry paradigm shift toward healthcare convergence of information, communication, and medical technology.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.479-487
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• 2004

Biopotential signals have been used as command in systems using electrical stimulation of motor nerves to restore movement after an injury to the central nervous system (CNS). In order to use the voluntary EMG (electromyography) among the biopotentials as a control signal for the electrical stimulation of the same muscle for CNS injury patients, it is necessary to remove M-wave of having high magnitude from raw data. We designed an optimal filter for removing the M-wave and preserving the voluntary EMG and showed that the optimal filter is eigen filter. We also proved that the previous method using the prediction error filter(PEF) is a suboptimal filtering in the sense of preserving the voluntary EMG. On basis of the data obtained from a model for M-wave and voluntary EMG and from actual CNS injury patients, with false-positive rate analysis, the proposed adaptive filter showed a very promising performance in comparison with previous method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.403-411
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• 2016

Recently, the number of occurrences of inundation and the severity of flood damage has increased rapidly as the frequency of localized heavy rainfall and the ratio of impervious area increased in urban areas. Most local governments focus on employing structural measures (e.g., the construction of detention reservoirs/pump stations, rehabilitation of drainage and sewer pipes) to prevent urban inundation. On the other hand, the effectiveness of implementing such structural measures is being dimished because there are already many inundation prevention facilities. The limitation of structural measures can be overcoming by employing non-structure measures, such as flood alerts and the operation of drainage facilities. This study suggests the pump operation rule (i.e., suggesting pump stop level) for a new detention reservoir operating method, which triggers the operation of a pump based on the water level at the monitoring node in urban drainage system. In the new reservoir operation, a total of 48 rainfall events are generated by the Huff distribution for determining the proper pump stop level. First, the generated rainfall events are distributed as frequencies, quartiles, and durations. The averaged system resilience value was determined to range from 1.2 m to 1.5 m is based on the rainfall-runoff simulation with rainfall generated by the Huff distribution. In this range, 1.2 m was identified considering the safety factor of 1.25 by the Standard on sewer facilities in 2011.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2012

Electric arc furnace slag is made in ironworks during steel refining, it is been increasing chemical and physical resistibility using ageing method of unstable state of melting steel slag for using concrete's fine aggregates. Which is been changing stable molecular structure of aggregates, it restrains moving of ion and molecule. In Korea, KS F 4571 has been prepared for using the electric arc furnace oxidizing slag to concrete aggregates(EFS). In this study, Electric arc furnace oxidizing slag is used in the PRCC(Polymer Rapid setting Cement Concrete) which is applied a bridge pavement of rehabilitation, largely. The results showed that the increment of compressive strength development by 10- 20%. The flexural strength of EFS-Con increased greatly as the electric arc furnace oxidizing slag changed. The compressive strength and flexural strength developed enough for opening the overlayed EFS-Con to the traffic after 4 hours of EFS-Con placement. The permeability of EFS-Con was evaluated as negligible due to its very low charge passed. Thus, EFS-Con could be used at repairing or overlaying the concrete at fast-track job sites.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.204-209
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• 2021

This study is a data analysis study to identify the factors influencing the prevalence and risk factors for falls of older adults with dementia in Korea. Using the data of the 7th Aging Research Panel in 2018, 119 people were enrolled. We used response data on the dementia-related factors that is the duration of dementia and whether or not activity of daily living was restricted due to dementia. For comorbid diseases, data on hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were used. For statistical analysis of the collected data, logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS statistics 22.0. Dementia-related factors and comorbidities of the analyzed subjects had a significant effect on the falling index. In particular, it was found that the influence was greatest in the order of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, daily life restrictions due to dementia, and the duration of dementia. This study is meant to identify factors that should be prioritized in the composition of a fall prevention program for the elderly with dementia. Based on the findings of this study, strategies for preventing falls due to the duration of dementia and limiting daily life, intensive management of high-risk groups for falls due to comorbid diseases, and training in the use of safety aids such as walking aids will be required in the care of the elderly with dementia,

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.95-108
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• 2021

Objective : This study aimed to develop prototypes of "smart stacking cones" by combining ICT to evaluate and train the upper extremity function and dual task performance in patients with central nervous system impairment, and to identify the complementary point to the completion of the device through a usability test. Methods : This prototype comprised of a hardware and software system that enabled the evaluation and training of patients and the management of data obtained from patients' performance. Specific measurement variables were established so that patient performance could be measured correctly. Based on the measurement variables, a the prototype included a 'single task evaluation modes', 'dual task evaluation mode', 'single task training mode', and 'dual task training modes'. Additionally, a usability test was conducted to assess clinical applicability and overall satisfaction for the prototype. Results : The results of the usability test were generally found to be appropriate. The 'content adequacy' in the usability test was the area with the highest level of adequacy and the lowest level of inadequacy. Additionally, overall 'satisfaction' in the usability test was the area with the highest appropriate and inappropriate levels. Hence, the overall satisfaction results were unstable. Conclusion : Future studies should be conducted to identify the clinical effectiveness of the device by applying an upgraded smart stacking cone to an actual patient group.

• Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.167-175
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• 2018

Sarcopenia, a common clinical syndrome in older adults, is defined as decreased muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. Since sarcopenia is associated with the incidence of functional decline, falls, and even mortality in older adults, researchers and health care providers have been keen to accumulate clinical evidence to advocate the screening and prevention of sarcopenia progression in older adults. The factors that may accelerate the loss of muscle mass and function include chronic diseases, inactivity, and deficiency in appropriate nutritional support. Among these, nutritional support is considered an initial step to delay the progression of muscle wasting and improve physical performance in community-dwelling older adults. However, a nationwide study suggested that most Korean older adults do not consume sufficient dietary protein to maintain their muscle mass. Furthermore, considering age-associated anabolic resistance to dietary protein, higher protein intake should be emphasized in older adults than in younger people. To develop a dietary protein recommendation for older adults in Korea, we reviewed the relevant literature, including interventional studies from Korea. From these, we recommend that older adults consume at least 1.2 g of protein per kg of body weight per day (g/kg/day) to delay the progression of muscle wasting. The amount we recommend (1.2 g/kg/day) is 31.4% higher than the previously suggested recommended daily allowance (i.e., 0.91 g/kg/day) for the general population of Korea. Also, evidence to date suggests that the combination of exercise and nutritional support may enhance the beneficial effects of protein intake in older adults in Korea. We found that the current studies are insufficient to build population-based guidelines for older adults, and we call for further researches in Korea.