• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2006

목적: 유전자 메틸화는 유전자의 서열에 영향을 주지 않으면서 유전자의 발현을 억제하고 세포분열 후 그대로 보존되는 후성적 변화이다. 위암조직과 정상위조직에서 hMLH1, p16, p14, COX-2, MGMT, E-cadherin 유전자와 MINT (MINT1, 2, 12, 25, 31)의 메틸화 상태를 검사하여 위암의 발생 과정에서의 작용과 CIMP 및 Helicobacter pylori균 감염을 포함한 임상병리학적인자와의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 위암과 정상위 신선 동결 조직 각각 36예를 대상으로 MSP (methylation-specific PCR)방법을 이용하여 메틸화 상태를 분석하였고 CIMP의 분석은 MINT1, MINT2, MINT12, MINT25, MINT31의 5개 marker를 대상으로 시행하였다. Helicobacter pylori균 감염여부는 Warthin-Starry silver 염색을 통하여 분류하였다. 결과: 위암 관련 유전자인 p14, p16, MGMT, COX-2, E-cadherin, hMLH1의 메틸화는 각각 14예(38.9%), 13예(36.1%), 8예(22.2%), 10예(27.8%), 21예(58.3%), 6예(16.7%)였다. MINT1과 MINT25의 메틸화는 위암조직에서 정상위조직에서보다 통계학적으로 유의하게 높게 관찰되었다. CIMP 양성률은 위암조직에서 44.4%로 높게 나타났으며 CIMP-H 위암은 환자의 연령과 종양크기와 연관이 있었다. CIMP 양성 위암은 p16 유전자의 메틸화와 연관이 있었고 p16 유전자의 메틸화는 조직학적으로 저분화, 미만형, 궤양형성하는 위암에서 낮게 나타났다. MINT1의 메틸화는 Helicobacter pylori균과 연관성이 있었다. 결론: 위암에서 hMLH1, p16, p14, COX-2, MGMT, E-cadherin, MINT (MINT1, 2, 12, 25, 31)의 불활성화에 DNA 메틸화가 작용함을 알 수 있었고, Helicobacter pylori균에 의한 위암발생에 MINT1의 메틸화가 연관이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2000

The p16 protein is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that inhibits cell cycle progression from $G_1$ phase to S phase in cell cycle. Many p16 gene mutations have been noted in many cancer-cell lines and in some primary cancers, and alterations of p16 gene function by DNA methylation have been noticed in various kinds of cancer tissues and cell-lines. There have been a large body of literature has accumulated indicating that abnormal patterns of DNA methylation (both hypomethylation and hypermethylation) occur in a wide variety of human neoplasma and that these aberrations of DNA methylation may play an important epigenetic role in the development and progression of neoplasia. DNA methylation is a part of the inheritable epigenetic system that influences expression or silencing of genes necessary for normal differentiation and proliferation. Gene activity may be silenced by methylation of up steream regulatory regions. Reactivation is associated with demethylation. Although evidence or a high incidence of p16 alterations in a variety of cell lines and primary tumors has been reported, that has been contested by other investigators. The precise mechanisms by which abnormal methylation might contribute to carcinogenesis are still not fully elucidated, but conceivably could involve the modulation of oncogene and other important regulatory gene expression, in addition to creating areas of genetic instability, thus predisposing to mutational events causing neoplasia. There have been many variable results of studies of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC). This investigation was studied on 13 primary HNSCC for p16 gene status by protein expression in immunohistochemistry, and DNA genetic/epigenetic analyzed to determine the incidence, the mechanisms, and the potential biological significance of its Inactivation. As methylation detection method of p16 gene, the methylation specific PCR(MSP) is sensitive and specific for methylation of any block of CpG sites in a CpG islands using bisulfite-modified DNA. The genomic DNA is modified by treatment with sodium bisulfate, which converts all unmethylated cytosines to uracil(thymidine). The primers designed for MSP were chosen for regions containing frequent cytosines (to distinguish unmodified from modified DNA), and CpG pairs near the 5' end of the primers (to provide maximal discrimination in the PCR between methylated and unmethylated DNA). The two strands of DNA are no longer complementary after bisulfite treatment, primers can be designed for either modified strand. In this study, 13 paraffin embedded block tissues were used, so the fragment of DNA to be amplified was intentionally small, to allow the assessment of methylation pattern in a limited region and to facilitate the application of this technique to samlples. In this 13 primary HNSCC tissues, there was no methylation of p16 promoter gene (detected by MSP and automatic sequencing). The p16 protein-specific immunohistochemical staining was performed on 13 paraffin embedded primary HNSCC tissue samples. Twelve cases among the 13 showed altered expression of p16 proteins (negative expression). In this study, The author suggested that low expression of p16 protein may play an important role in human HNSCC, and this study suggested that many kinds of genetic mechanisms including DNA methylation may play the role in carcinogenesis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3503-3507
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• 2013

Background: Although the majority of investigations concerned with TP53 and its protein have focused on coding regions, recently a set of studies highlighted significant roles of regulatory elements located in p53 mRNA, especially 5'UTR. The wrap53${\alpha}$ transcript is one of those that acts as a natural antisense agent, forming RNA-RNA hybrids with p53 mRNA and protecting it from degradation. Materials and Methods: In this study, we focused on the mutation status of exon $1{\alpha}$ of the WRAP53 gene (according to exon 1 of p53) in 160 breast tumor tissue samples and conducted a bioinformatics search for probable miRNA binding site in the p53/wrap53 overlapping region. Mutations were detected, using single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing. We applied the miRBase database for prediction of miRNAs which target overlapping region of p53/wrap53 transcripts. Results: Our results showed all samples to have wild type alleles in exon 1 of TP53 gene. We could detect a novel and unreported intronic mutation (IVS1+56, G>C) outside overlapping regions of p53/wrap53 genes in breast cancer tissues and also predict the presence of a binding site for miR-4732-5p in the 5'UTR of Wrap53 mRNA. Conclusions: From our findings we propose designing further studies focused on overexpression of miRNA-4732-5p and introducing different mutations in the overlapping region of wrap53 and p53 genes in order to study their effects on p53 and its ${\Delta}N$ isoform (${\Delta}$40p53) expression. The results may provide new pieces in the p53 targeting puzzle for cancer therapy.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1257-1257
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• 2001

Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was used as a rapid method to measure the $^{o}Brix$ content and to discriminate between different must samples in terms of their fee amino nitrogen (FAN) values. FT-NIR spectroscopy was also used as a rapid method to discriminate between Chardonnay wine samples in terms of the status of the male-lactic fermentation (MLF). This was done by monitoring the conversion of malic to lactic acid and thereby determining whether MLF has started, is underway or has been completed followed by classification of the samples. Furthermore, FT-NIR spectroscopy was applied as a rapid method to discriminate between table wine samples in terms of the ethyl carbamate (EC) content. EC in wine can pose a health threat and need to be monitored by determining the EC content in relation to the regulatory limits set by the authorities. For each of the above mentioned parameters, $QUANT+^{TM}$ methods were built and calibrations derived and it was found that a very strong correlation existed in the sample set for the FT-NIR spectroscopic predictions of $^{o}Brix$ (r = 0.99, SECV = 0.306), but the correlations for the FAN (r = 0.61, SECV = 272.1), malic acid (r = 0.58, SECV = 1.06), lactic acid (r = 0.51, SECV = 1.14) and EC predictions (r = 0.47, SECV = 3.67) were not as good. Soft Independent Modeling by Class Analogy (SIMCA) diagnostics and validation was applied as a sophisticated discrimination method. The must samples could be classified in terms of their FAN values when SIMCA was applied, obtaining results with recognition rates exceeding 80%. When SIMCA diagnostics and validation were applied to determine the progress of conversion of malic to lactic acid and the EC content, again results with recognition rates exceeding 80% were obtained. The evaluation of the applicability of FT-NIR spectroscopy measurement of FAN, $^{o}Brix$ values, malic acid, lactic acid and EC content in must and wine shows considerable promise. FT-NIR spectroscopy has the potential to reduce the analytical times considerably in a range of measurements commonly used during the wine making process. Where conventional FT-NIR calibrations are not effective, SIMCA methods can be used as a discriminative method for rapid classification of samples. SIMCA can replace expensive, time-consuming, quantitative analytical methods, if not completely, at least to some extent, because in many processes it is only needed to know whether a specific cut off point has been reach or not or whether a sample belongs to a certain class or not.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.100-108
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• 1997

Our current food hygiene law mandates nutrition label (NL) for the special nutrition foods, health support foods, instant foods, and foods with certain nutrient emphasized note, only. Currently more processed foods are bearing nutrition labels though the format is quite inconsistant. This study examined the status on current nutrition labeling practices for the processed foods that are retailed in the supermarket. The obtained information was assessed in the aspects of numerical data presentation on nutrients content, descriptive terms, health claim, and the format. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Foods with NL are limited to the food category specified by current hygiene law while voluntary nutition labeling is few. 2) Descriptive terms such as free, low, and sufficient are not substantiated with quantitative data. The efficacy of microelements which has not been clalified yet are overemphasized but major nutrients are ignored. 3) The regulations for the descriptive terms are set on the base of the nutrient content per 100g or 100ml under current nutrition labeling act. It would mislead consumers thus the definition for these descriptor be better set on the unit of the amount of food customary eaten at one time. For this the standard serving size should be set officially. 4) Quantitative nutrition information given on food products is difficult to compare because of the lack in formality. The title of NL, load and kinds of nutritents, order of nutrients listed, the unit of expression, RDA comparision, and reference RDA are inconsistant among the foods similar in dietary property. Uniform format is needed to give NL the credibility and usefulness. Proividing nutrition information to the consumers with NL is a worldwide practice though its efficacy has been controversial. Under newly legistered health promotion law in Korean nutrition education is esxpected to take part in to improve national nutrition condition and NL would education is expected to take part in to improve national nutrition condition and NL would be a potent tool for public nutritions education. It appears to be the time to mandate NL to all the processed foods in the market. The result of present study would initiate further consumer experiments related to NL. Various interest groups such as food and nutrition professions, public health organizations, government regulatory agencies, food producers and marketers, and consumer groups need to particepate and communicate for the legislation of NL and the development of NL format.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.289-298
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• 2007

국내 사용농약에 대한 ADI를 설정하기 위하여 국제기구 및 선진국의 ADI설정 기준, 설정현황 등을 조사 분석하였다. 설정기준은 설정기관 별로 유사하였으며, ADI는 국제연합(UN) 213종, 미국 332종, 일본 230종, 영국 219종, 유럽공동체 및 호주 435종의 농약에 대하여 설정되어 있었으며, 국내 등록농약은 국가별로 $87{\sim}252$종까지 포함되어 있었다. 국가별 최저 ADI값을 분석한 결과 미국이 32종으로 가장 많았으며 일본 23, 유럽연합 호주 6성분이었다. 미국에 등록된 농약의 RfD설정 시 사용된 표적장기 및 endpoint 는 효소저해, 체중변화, 간에 대한 영향 등의 순이었다. 또한 국내 MRL설정에 사용된 선진국 설정 ADI 수는 JMPR, 일본, 미국 순이었으며, 유럽연합과 JMPR의 ADI 값은 비교한 국가 중 가장 유사성이 높았다. 또한 본 연구에서는 조사 분석된 선진국 및 국제기구의 ADI설정 가이드라인을 참조하여 국내 등록농약에 대한 ADI 설정 원칙을 제시하고 64종 농약에 대한 ADI를 설정하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Owing to health concerns related to the consumption of traditional snacks high in sugars and fats, much effort has been made to develop functional snacks with low calorie content. In this study, a new recipe for Korean rice cookie, dasik, was developed and its antioxidative, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory effects and related mechanisms were elucidated. The effects were compared with those of traditional rice cake dasik (RCD), the lipid-lowering effect of which is greater than that of traditional western-style cookies. MATERIALS/METHODS: Ginseng-added brown rice dasik (GBRD) was prepared with brown rice flour, fructooligosaccharide, red ginseng extract, and propolis. Mice were grouped (n = 7 per group) into those fed a normal AIN-76 diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with RCD or GBRD. Dasik in the HFD accounted for 7% of the total calories. The lipid, reactive oxygen species, and peroxynitrite levels, and degree of lipid peroxidation in the plasma or liver were determined. The expression levels of proteins involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation, and those of antioxidant enzymes were determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS: The plasma and hepatic total cholesterol concentrations in the GBRD group were significantly decreased via downregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (P < 0.05). The hepatic peroxynitrite level was significantly lower, whereas glutathione was higher, in the GBRD group than in the RCD group. Among the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly upregulated in the GBRD group (P < 0.05). In addition, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-${\kappa}B$) expression in the GBRD group was significantly lower than that in the RCD group. CONCLUSIONS: GBRD decreases the plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels by downregulating cholesterol synthesis. This new dasik recipe also improves the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory status in HFD-fed mice via CAT and GPx upregulation and NF-${\kappa}B$ downregulation. These effects were significantly higher than those of RCD.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1060-1068
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• 2007

건강유해물질인 perchlorate로 인한 음용수의 오염은 국 내외적으로 심각히 대두되고 있으나, 전세계적으로 perchlorate에 대한 국가 차원의 규제 기준을 가진 곳은 아직 없고 발암물질로 구분되지도 않은 상황이다. 최근엔 미국 환경청(US EPA)에서 perchlorate의 예방적 복원 지침서를 발표하였으며, perchlorate 분석 및 저감기술에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 현재 국내에서는 perchlorate에 대한 먹는 물 수질기준이나 배출 허용 기준 등이 설정되어 있지 않고, perchlorate에 관한 국내 연구는 초기 단계에 머무르고 있다. 본 연구에서는 perchlorate의 성상 및 인체 유해성에 관해 간단히 고찰하였고, 기존의 이온교환(Ion exchange), 생물반응기(Bioreactor), 액상 탄소 흡착(Liquid Phase Carbon Adsorption), 퇴비화 처리(Composting), 현장 생물학적 정화(In Situ Bioremediation), 투수성 반응 벽체(Permeable Reactive Barrier), 식물정화법(Phytotechnology), 막분리기술(Membrane Technologies) 등과 같은 저감 기술의 장단점 및 효율에 관해 소개하였다. 최근 활발히 진행되고 있는 투수성 반응 벽체와 생물학적 환원 기술의 통합 등에 대한 연구 및 분석기술 개발에 대해서도 소개하였다. 본 논문을 통해 향후 국내 실정에 맞는 고효율의 perchlorate 국내저감기술 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.271-286
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• 2009

This internet search was made to collect background information for a short-term training proposal for securing a national critical mass in ecological risk assessment the need of which is drastically increasing in every sector of Korean society due to the advent of new environmental regulations in industrialized countries, such as EU REACH. This study depended mainly on internet search engines and individual home pages of concerned universities, colleges, and organizations involved in short-term training. Out of lecture titles and syllabus of 200 Korean universities, 86 Japanese national universities, and numerous English speaking educational and training institutions in the world, 60 syllabi were selected and analysed for comparison purpose. Conclusion from the analysis is as follows: Firstly, individual component lectures for ecological risk assessment is provided at different departments in Korea, but no lecture is at present given under the sole title of ecological risk assessment. Secondly, several lectures under the title of ecological risk assessment are open in English-speaking industrialized countries. Lectures as well as technical training and field studies are emphasized in those courses. Lecturers from the regulatory authorities are also involved in those courses. Several short-term training courses are also under operation. Thirdly, it was concluded that the difference in the level of education/training in ecological risk assessment is originated from the substantive requirement of ecological risk in the concerned laws and regulations. Therefore, it is suggested that training of domestic man power in this area is urgent to cope with the industrial pressure imposed by the environmental regulations concerned with chemicals/articles import and export from/to industrialized countries and also to upgrade the domestic laws and regulations.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2018

콜라겐 펩타이드(collagen peptide)는 단백질의 가수 분해물로서 주름 완화, 보습력 증대, 탄력 개선 등의 특정 피부 효능을 나타낼 수 있어 화장품 혹은 피부 개선 기능식품으로서 활용되고 있다. ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA)는 척추 동물의 뇌, 척수에 존재하는 신경전달 물질로서 수면의 질과 양을 개선해 준다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 콜라겐 펩타이드와 GABA의 복합물이 수면 장애가 있는 여성에게 8주 경구 섭취를 통해서 수면 및 피부 상태를 개선할 수 있는가에 관하여 확인하였다. 복합물(J85091900)은 8주간 연속적으로 섭취 시, 수면장애지수(PSQI)가 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 수면 시간을 7% 증가시켰다. 또한, 피부 거칠기, 눈가 주름 및 피부 수분량(capacitance)을 유의적으로 개선하였다. 이상의 결과에서 콜라겐과 GABA의 복합물은 복합 수면 장애에 따른 피부의 노화 현상으로부터 피부를 보호할 수 있음을 확인하여 먹는 화장품의 핵심 소재로 활용 가능함을 확인하였다.