• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.186-195
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• 2021

In Korea, groundwater quality is monitored through National Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network (NGQMN) administered by Ministry of Environment. For a given contaminant, compliance to groundwater quality standards is assessed on a annual basis by monitoring the number of incidents that concentration exceeds the regulatory limit. However, this approach provides only a fractional information about groundwater quality degradation, and more crucial information such as location and severity of the contamination cannot be obtained. For better groundwater quality management on a watershed, a more spatially informative and intuitive method is required. This study presents two statistical methods to convert point-wise monitoring data into information on groundwater quality status of a watershed by using a proposed grading scale. The proposed grading system is based on readily available reference standards that classify the water quality into 4 grades. The methods were evaluated with NO₃^-, Cl^-, and total coliform data in Geum River basin. The analyses revealed that groundwater in most watersheds of Geum River basin is good for domestic or/and drinking with no treatment. But, there was notable quality degradation in Bunam seawall and So-oak downstream standard watersheds contaminated by NO₃^- and Cl^-, respectively.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.349-355
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• 2021

The article investigates the conceptual principles of transformation of industrial parks into eco-industrial ones in the conditions of sustainable development. It is substantiated that the concept of sustainable development in the transformation of industrial parks is to grow industry and jobs, modernize production and introduce innovative technologies, resource and energy efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and waste storage, social protection of local communities and create favorable infrastructure. It is determined that for the transformation of industrial parks, it is necessary to improve regulatory changes, introduce criteria for compliance of industrial parks and the importance of their consideration, ensure park management by the management company and create favorable incentives for industrial entry into industrial symbiosis. It is proved that industrial parks can be an incentive for industrial development and competitiveness of enterprises. The availability of talented human capital, attractive territories, minerals, energy and mineral resources, developed domestic market, agricultural potential, transport networks is becoming an attractive place for investment and development. Industrial parks need investment. Transformation into eco-industrial parks through the implementation of sustainable development goals opens additional opportunities for access to investment funds and contributes to the implementation of growth and prosperity strategies of the country.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.20-27
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose to improve the designation examination criteria of agencies that provide personal identity proofing based on the resident registration number (RRN), a 13-digit number uniquely assigned by the government to identify Korean citizens. In online commerce, etc., the personal identity proofing agency (PIPA) is a place where online users can prove their personal identity by presenting an alternative means instead of their RRN. The designation examination criteria for PIPAs established in 2012 is a revision of the relevant current laws, and there is a problem in applying the designation examination for alternative means of RRN as the current examination standard. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method to make the current examination criteria applicable to the newly designated examination of the personal identity proofing service provider based on the current RRN alternative method. According to the current designation examination criteria, only those who satisfy all the examination criteria are designated as the PIPA. However, in reality, it is not in line with the purpose of regulatory reform to require that all examination criteria be satisfied. In the proposed method, it is proposed to apply the standard score system for designation of PIPAs, to make the law current, to secure legal compliance, and to establish a new examination standard to provide a new alternative means of personal identity proofing service. By applying the proposed method to the PIPA designation examination, various alternative means of RRN can be utilized in the online commerce service market.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.357-368
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• 2008

On July 31, 2008, the Government issued the construction and operation permit for the first low and intermediate level radioactive waste disposal facility in the Republic of Korea. In this paper, the fundamental regulatory framework, regulatory requirements and technical standards of the disposal facility are introduced, and the phased review process adopted for evaluation of the safety of the facility is briefly described. The Atomic Energy Act sets forth a stepwise regulatory framework for the whole life-cycle of the disposal facility such as siting, design, construction, operation, closure and institutional control. More detailed regulatory requirements and technical standards are stipulated in the subsequent regulations of the Atomic Energy Act and a series of Notices issued by the Ministry of Eduction, Science and Technology. The Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, as entrusted by the Ministry under the Atomic Energy Act, conducted safety review on the disposal facility, and evaluated the compliance with relevant criteria in all technical elements(i.e. siting and structural safety, radiological environmental impact, operational safety, systems and components, quality assurance, and total systematic performance assessment, etc.). The overall safety review process can be phased into inception phase, initial review phase, main review phase and completion phase. The review results were reported to and deliberated by the five Sub-committees of the Special Committee on Nuclear Safety, and then reported to the Ministry. The Ministry issued the construction and operation permit of the disposal facility through the deliberation of the review results by the Nuclear Safety Commission. Hereafter, the safety of the repository will be reassured by a series of subsequent regulatory inspections and reviews under the Atomic Energy Act. In addition, the licensee's continuous implementation of the "Safety Promotion Plan" may also enhance the long-term safety of the repository and contribute to build-up the confidence of the safety case.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.4 no.12
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• pp.549-560
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• 2015

There is a wide variety of data quality attributes such as the ones proposed by the ISO/IEC organization and also by many other domestic and international institutions. However, it takes considerable time and costs to apply those criteria and guidelines to real environment. Therefore, it needs to define data quality evaluation attributes which are easily applicable and are not influenced by organizational environment limitations. The purpose of this paper is to derive data quality attributes and order of their priorities based on customer requirements for managing the process systematically and evaluating the data quantitatively. This study identifies the customer cognitive constructs of data quality attributes using the RGT(Repertory Grid Technique) based on a Korean quality standard model (DQC-M). Also the correlation analysis on the identified constructs is conducted, and the evaluation attributes is prioritized and ranked using the AHP. As the results of this paper, the consistent system, the accurate data, the efficient environment, the flexible management, and the continuous improvement are derived at the first level of the data quality evaluation attributes. Also, Control Compliance(13%), Regulatory Compliance(10%), Requirement Completeness(9.6%), Accuracy(8.4%), and Traceability(6.8%) are ranked on the top 5 of the 19 attributes in the second level.

• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.153-156
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• 2017

UI14SDF100CW is a chewable tablet of sildenafil citrate, which was developed to improve compliance through convenience of administration. The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of sildenafil citrate chewable tablets (UI14SDF100CW) and conventional sildenafil citrate film-coated tablets ($Viagra^{(R)}$, Pfizer). A randomized, open-label, single dose, two-treatment, two-period, two-way crossover study was conducted in 60 healthy male volunteers. In each period, the subjects received a single oral dose of UI14SDF100CW or $Viagra^{(R)}$ (both tablets contain 140.45 mg of sildenafil citrate, which is equivalent to 100 mg of sildenafil). Serial blood samples were collected up to 24 h post-dose for PK analysis. The plasma concentration of sildenafil was determined using a validated HPLC-MS/MS assay. PK parameters of sildenafil were calculated using non-compartmental methods. The plasma concentration-time profiles of sildenafil in both formulations were similar. For UI14SDF100CW, the $C_{max}$ and $AUC_{last}$ of sildenafil were $1068.69{\pm}458.25$ (mean${\pm}$standard deviation) mg/L and $3580.59{\pm}1680.29h{\cdot}mg/L$, and the corresponding values for $Viagra^{(R)}$ were $1146.84{\pm}501.70mg/L$ and $3406.35{\pm}1452.31h{\cdot}mg/L$, respectively. The geometric mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) of UI14SDF100CW to $Viagra^{(R)}$ for $C_{max}$ and $AUC_{last}$ were 0.933 (0.853-1.021) and 1.034 (0.969-1.108), respectively, which met the bioequivalence criteria of Korean regulatory agency. In conclusion, UI14SDF100CW and $Viagra^{(R)}$ showed similar PK properties. Therefore, UI14SDF100CW can be an alternative to sildenafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, providing better compliance.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.464-475
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• 2023

In this study, based on an analysis of two DNA barcode markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b genes), we performed species identification and monitored labeling compliance for 50 commercial pufferfish products sold in on-line markets in Korea. Using these barcode sequences as a query for species identification and phylogenetic analysis, we screened the GenBank database. A total of seven pufferfish species (Takifugu chinensis, T. pseudommus, T. xanthopterus, T. alboplumbeus, T. porphyreus, T. vermicularis, and Lagocephalus cheesemanii) were identified and we detected 35 products (70%) that were non-compliant with the corresponding label information. Moreover, the labels on 12 commercial products contained only the general common name (i.e., pufferfish), although not the scientific or Korean names for the 21 edible pufferfish species. Furthermore, the proportion of mislabeled highly processed products (n = 9, 81.8%) was higher than that of simply processed products (n = 26, 66.7%). With respect to the country of origin, the percentage of mislabeled Chinese products (n = 8, 80%) was higher than that of Korean products (n = 26, 66.7%). In addition, the market and dialect names of different pufferfish species were labeled only as Jolbok or Milbok, whereas two non-edible pufferfish species (T. vermicularis and T. pseudommus) were used in six commercial pufferfish products described as JolboK and Gumbok on their labels, which could be attributable to the complex classification system used for pufferfish. These monitoring results highlight the necessity to develop genetic methods that can be used to identify the 21 edible pufferfish species, as well as the need for regulatory monitoring of commercial pufferfish products.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.721-730
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• 2020

This study investigates the impact of the country's governance on the revenue efficiency of 108 Islamic banks from 26 countries offering Islamic banking and finance products services. The technical efficiencies of individual Islamic banks have been analyzed using the Data Envelopment Analysis method. The data will be pooled across the selected countries and utilize the intermediation approach. The Ordinary Least Square estimation method is employed to examine the impact of country supervision and regulation on the technical efficiency of Islamic banks. As robustness check, the study examines the impact of the level of bank regulations and supervision on the efficiency of Islamic banks operating in different income-level countries. The results found that the stricter the supervisory power, the less strict capital requirement, the tighter the restrictions on non-banking activities, and the stricter the private monitoring enhance statistically significantly the level of efficiency of Islamic banks. In upgrading the regulations and supervision of the Islamic banks, the existing regulatory framework based on the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) must be complemented with the prescriptions on Islamic banking or Shariah compliance diligently, so that the Islamic banks could be regulated accurately and further improve the technical efficiency of their operations.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 2016

Radioactive waste container designs should comply with the requirements for safety (i.e., transportation, storage, disposal) and other criteria such as economics and technology. These criteria are also applicable to the future management of the large amount of LLW and VLLW to arise from decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) of nuclear power plants, which have different features compared to that of wastes from operation and maintenance (O&M). This paper proposes to develop a set of standard containers of multi-purpose usage for transportation, storage and disposal. The concepts of the containers were optimized for management of D&D wastes in consideration of national system for radioactive waste management, in particular the Gyeongju Repository and associated infrastructures. A set of prototype containers were designed and built : a soft bag for VLLW, two metallic containers for VLLW/LLW (a standard IP2 container for sea transport and ISO container for road transport). Safety analyses by simulation and tests of these designs show they are in compliance with the regulatory requirements. A further development of a container with concrete is foreseen for 2016.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 2011

The release of a site and building from regulatory control is the final stage of the decommissioning process. The MARSSIM (Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual) provides overall framework for conducting data collection for a final status survey to demonstrate compliance with site closure requirements. The KAERI carried out establishing a final status survey by using the guidance provided in the MARSSIM for of a site and building of the Korea Research Reactor. The release criteria for a site and building were set up based on these results of the site specific release levels which were calculated by using RESRAD and RESRAD-Build codes. The survey design for a site and building was classified by using the survey dataset and potential contamination. The number of samples in each survey unit was calculated by through a statistical test using the collected data from a scoping and characterization survey. The results of the final status survey were satisfied the release criteria based on an evaluation of the measured data.