• Health Policy and Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to estimate cesarean section rate in Korea and analyze characteristics of health care institution which affect regional variation in the rate. We have searched vaginal and cesarean section deliveries among Diagnosis Related Group dat based upon insurance claim bills which have been submitted to Korean Insurance Corporation for two years since March, 1985. The results are as follows: 1. Out of all delivery cases of 87,500, cesarean section rate was 16.3% (14,299 cases). 2. Cesarean section rate varied according to size and ownership of health care institutions. In above 6- bed sized hospitals, the rate was at about 20% higher than small sized institutions, but rather in hospitals that have more than 500 beds, it was somewhat low. Classified by the hospital ownership, the rate was low at 18.4% in hospitals of religious organization and highest at private or corporate hospitals. 3. This study shows large regional variation in cesarean section rate; there are two times differences between region with the highest and lowest rate. Strongly related factors in that variation was the ownership of health care institution and urbanization variables. Low level of cesarean section rate in a region is explained by high proportion of delivery cases at institutions of religious organization and at insitutions in county level site. This result shows that apart from medical conditions of patients, indications of cesarean section differs from health care providers, and especially ownership of institution strongly affect them. Cesarean section rate in Korea is supposed to be at high level and development of utilization review programs to keep appropriate cesarean section rate is needed.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2016

Active fire products from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observation during the 16 years from 2000-2015 were analyzed to estimate spatial and temporal variations of wildland fires over East Asia (region of interest: $20^{\circ}N-55^{\circ}N$, $100^{\circ}E-150^{\circ}E$). GLOBCOVER 2009 land cover data were also used to investigate the trend in wildfire occurrence with respect to each land cover type. Statistical analysis showed that the highest number of wildland fires occurred in the evergreen and vegetation covered areas, and strong seasonal variations were found in these areas. Total numbers of fires were 283,683 and 202,543, respectively. In particular, the wildland fires in croplands occurred mainly during summer season and distinguishable increasing trends were found. The correlations between number of wildland fires and air pollutants, such as black carbon, organic matter, and carbon monoxide, were also calculated in order to investigate the intensity of the air pollution caused by the wildland fires. Positive correlation between total column carbon monoxide contents and the occurrence of wildland fire was found. In addition, this correlation was higher than the correlation between fire occurrence and black carbon or organic matter. These results indicate that a significant amount of carbon monoxide originated from the wildland fires and influenced the regional atmospheric environment in East Asia.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2015

Climate change which occuring the recent abrupt fluctuations in meteorological and climatological elements is bound, brings about more significant impacts and changes in human life One of the most important problems due to the impacts of climate change tends to have been decreased the food production, which is expected to make crop resources more and more important. Accordingly, agricultural meteorology should also become more important. In this study, the correlation between meteorological elements and root and tuber crops (potatoes and sweet potatoes), which are emergency crops, and meteorological elements were analyzed, and the impacts of climate changes on the production of such crops were examined. This study concludes that agriculture and food resources are important, and suggests that we should prepare for changes in crops, the weaponization of food, and the lack of water resources in the future. The meteorological element and crops element correlation analysis results. Sweet potatoes, which are negatively influenced by climate change, need breeding improvement and cultivation method development, and potatoes, which are positively influenced by climate change, require preparations for climate changes that exceed the climatic limit. The variations of agricultural production contributed to changes in crop production. Therefore, the importance of agricultural meteorology and the food crop industry should be fully recognized to prepare for climate change.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.474-479
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• 2003

The effect of season, life stages and harvesting sites on the yield and properties of agars extracted from Gracilaria verrucosa were determined. G. verrucosa were collected seasonally from November 2001 to August 2002 at Cheongsapo and Boryong, Korea. The plants were sorted Into the different life stages (tetrasporophytes and gametophytes) and dried at $60^{\circ}C.$ The yield, sulfate, protein, uronic acid and 3,6-anhydrogalactose of the agar were determined, and standard parameters of physical quality were measured. No differences were found in yield and properties of agars from the two different harvesting sites and from lift history phases. The yield of agar was maximum in summer $(17.3-20.0\%)$ and minimum in winter $(11.9-13.1\%).$ Maximum gel strength occurred in winter when the agar yield and sulfate content were low. Gel strength was negatively correlated with agar yleld. Seasonal variations in agar yield and its quality were discussed in a view to managing the exploitation of this resource.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.287-296
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• 1995

Stability of yield and yield components in 6 cotton cultivars were evaluated using data from the regional yield trials at two sites from 1987 to 1990. Genotype-environment interactions were analyzed by the modified model of Eberhart and Russell. The results revealed that Mokpo 7, which had many effective number of bearing branches and capsule, was the most stable high yielding variety over a wide range of environmental variations. bearing branches and capsule, was the most stable high yielding variety over a wide range of environmental variations.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-49
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• 2005

We first review some history of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP), particularly in the progress of ground-satellite gravity comparisons. The GGP Satellite Project has involved the measurement of ground-based superconducting gravimeters (SGs) in Europe for several years and we make quantitative comparisons with the latest satellite GRACE data and hydrological models. The primary goal is to recover information about seasonal hydrology cycles, and we find a good correlation at the microgal level between the data and modeling. One interesting feature of the data is low soil moisture resulting from the European heat wave in 2003. An issue with the ground-based stations is the possibility of mass variations in the soil above a station, and particularly for underground stations these have to be modeled precisely. Based on this work with a regional array, we estimate the effectiveness of future SG arrays to measure co-seismic deformation and silent-slip events. Finally we consider gravity surveys in volcanic areas, and predict the accuracy in modeling subsurface density variations over time periods from months to years.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.375-385
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• 2015

This study aims to identify geographical variations and factors that affect smoking rates. The data are collected from the Community Health Survey conducted between 2009 and 2011 by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other government organizations. Correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to examine the factors influencing smoking rates. For the purpose of investigating regional variations, we employed a decision tree model. The study has found that the significant factors associated with geographical variations in the smoking rates were the rate of hazardous drinking, the completion rate of hypertension education, the experience rate of anti-smoking campaigns, stress awareness rate, hypertension prevalence, health insurance cost, diabetes prevalence, obesity rate, and strength training rate. Convergence-based analysis on geographical variations of the smoking rates is highly important when the regionally customized healthcare programs is implemented. In the future, it is necessary to develop effective program and customized approach for the regions of high smoking rates. Our study is expected to be used as meaningful data for the design of effective health care programs and assessments to lead effective non-smoking program.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.258-275
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate diurnal variations of snowstorm occurred along the East Coast of the Korean Peninsula. The snowstorm which occurred on 5${\sim}$7 January 1997 have been analyzed. The pressure patterns were analyzed through surface and upper-air chart(850hPa). Diurnal variations of four areas, i. e. Youngdong, Mt. Taebaek, Youngseo and Kyungbuk regions were analyzed through wind direction and speed, cloud amounts, surface temperature, dewpoint temperature, relative humidity and sea level pressure. And snowfall amounts over four areas were analyzed through regional distribution, daily and temporal variations. The snowfall which occurred on January 5 was caused by the weak low pressure which is located in Kyusu region of Japan. The snowfall of January 6 occurred due to the Siberian high's expansion and instability. And northeasterly wind is one factor of the snowstorm which occurred in Mt. Taebaek region on 7 January. Heavy snowfall was caused by westerly wind but easterly wind occurred weak snowfall in Youngdong area. The precipitation of Kyungbuk region(eapecially, Pohang) was less than that of Youngdong region because the air mass which was not modified had influence on Kyungbuk region on 6${\sim}$7 January, 1997.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.339-354
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• 2010

In this study, diurnal and intra-seasonal variations of summertime temperature lapse rate (TLR) by synoptic weather conditions in a mountainous basin are examined based on hourly temperature data observed in 2009 summer at an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) network deployed in Haean basin (called Punch Bowl), Yanggu in the Republic of Korea. Summertime average TLR between the top and bottom of the basin is $-0.53^{\circ}C$/100m. Due to its diurnal variations, TLR shows the lowest by $-0.25^{\circ}C$/100m at 6AM, while it maximizes up to $-0.85^{\circ}C$/100m between 4PM~5PM. Comparisons of daily average TLRs by synoptic weather patterns reveal that the magnitude of TLRs is greatest in the order of rainy days ($-0.63^{\circ}C$/100m), heavy rainfall days ($-0.53^{\circ}C$/100m), partly cloudy days ($-0.47^{\circ}C$/100m), and sunny days ($-0.39^{\circ}C$/100m). At dawn on sunny days in summer, strong cooling pools accompanying temperature inversion layers are formed within the basin, while on heavy rainfall days, warming pools are observed due to relatively low TLRs associated with the reduction of surface radiation cooling by clouds.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2011

This study analyzed the A1B climate change scenario provided by National Institute of Meteorological Research (NIMR), Korea, to investigate potential climate changes in watersheds of 15 multi-purpose dams in South Korea. The A1B climate change scenario is produced by Regional Climate Model (RCM) with 27 km horizontal grid spacings using a one-way nesting technique with Global Climate Model (GCM). Relative to present climate conditions (1971~ 2000), the modeled 10-year averaged daily temperatures at the watersheds of the 15 multi-purpose dams continuously increased to year 2100, whereas precipitation changes were varied regionally (north, central, and south regions of South Korea). At two watersheds located in Gangwon-province (north region), the modeled temporal variations of precipitation rapidly increased in the 2090's after a slow decrease that had occurred since the 2050's. At seven watersheds in the central region, including Gyeongsangbuk-province to Jeollanam-province, the modeled temporal variations of precipitation increase showed 10-year periodic changes. At six watersheds in the south region, the modeled temporal variations of precipitation increased since the 2070's after a rapid decrease in the 2060's. Compared to the climate conditions of the late of 20th century (1971~2000), the number of rainy days and precipitation intensity increased (3% and 6~12%, respectively) in the late 21st century (2071~2100). The frequency of precipitation events tended to increase with precipitation intensity in all regions. The frequency of heavy precipitation events (>50 mm $d^{-1}$) increased with >100% in the north region, 60~100% in the central region, and 20~60% in the south region.