• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 1995

Regional production structres are investigated through an estimation of three-input(labor, capital and material) translog cost function. The estimation uses the pooled data in which time series data of 1970-1990 are combined with cross-sectional data corresponding to firm sizes. The empirical finding are the following: (1) the factors are Allen substitutes each otner in general except Pusan and a couple of regionss, and (2) estimates are very small in its absolute value irrespective of the regions. The low elasticity estimates of this study implies that substitytability among the three inputs are very weak in the regional manufacturing production compared to that in the national production. Seoul-Kyungki metropolitan area produces not only the smallest elasticities but relatively stable estimates without much fluctuation between the sub-regions of the area.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.34-55
• /
• 2001

With increasing globalization, a proper policy for global inter-city networking strongly required, which presumes the study on the heterogeneity among regional innovation systems. While surveying the research results of the Evolutionary Economics, 1 stress that regional systems of innovation differ in technological capacities, industrial structures, institutional arrangements and socio-cultural features. 1 make the empirical investigation based on the data of Busan and Hamburg, making clear the regional specificities among regional innovation systems. The results show that regional systems of innovation in Busan and Hamburg are quitely asymmetric. They suggest also the limitation of neo-classical assumption on the ‘homogeneous production function’ and that policy-makers in regions should make the policy for ‘global inter-cities networking’, based on perspectives of regional heterogeneity.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.55-79
• /
• 2013

The objective of this article is to explore the economic relationship between China and the surrounding dynamic Asian economies. It delves into China's influence over the Asian economies and whether this relationship is a market-led or de facto symbiosis. The three principal channels of regional integration analyzed in this article are trade, FDI and vertically integrated production networks. They are essentially based on the activities of the private-sector in these economies. China methodically expanded and deepened its economic ties with the regional neighbors. At the present juncture, China's integration with the surrounding Asia is deep. Another issue that this article explores is the so-called China "threat" or "fear" in Asia. It implies that China is crowding out exports of the other Asian economies in the world market place. Also, as China has become the most attractive FDI destination among the developing countries, it is apprehended that China is receiving FDI at the expense of the Asian economies. These concerns were examined by several empirical studies, and the inference is that they are exaggerated. This article concludes that the private-sector business activities in China and other rapidly growing Asian economies were (and are) instrumental in bringing together the production structures and real economies. The result is both convergence and integration among the dynamic Asian economies. Over the years China and its Asian neighbors has developed a close and symbiotic economic relationship and a de facto regional integration.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.272-284
• /
• 1996

The present study has quantitatively assessed the regional production, income and employment impact resulting from the construction and operation of nuclear power plant (NPP) upon the domestic local areas by applying the regional input-output analysis model to the case of Wolsong unit-l site. The conclusions regarding the most likely regional economic impacts upon the wolsong site are summarized as follows: 1. The income multipliers are calculated to be 1.563 for the construction phase and 1.500 for the operation phase. These values are relatively high compared with those of other conventional facilities. 2. The level of total employee's wage induced employment associated with the construction phase has been estimated to be 37,000 while that with the operational phase in 1990 to be 5,610. 3. With relation to the aspect of resident welfare it is found that the industrial sector associated with electricity, gas and water supply have remarkably improved with the construction of the NPP. 4. The NPP siting has induced substantial changes in interindustry (input-output) structures of the Wolsong unit-l site which is one of the rural areas where all the domestic NPPs are sited. Such changes are attributed to the industrial recomposition of the region. 5. With the application of other regional economic analysis models and the use of more sufficient regional data, other detailed studies on the economic impact analysis of domestic NPP-related facility sitings are suggested to be carried out further since the influence of NPP sitings is significant to the national economic impact as well as the regional economic impact.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.146-168
• /
• 1995

problems involved in defining and identifying it. However, data on ownership of business establishments may be useful and one of the best alternatives for this empirical research because of use of limited information about control This study examines the spatial patterns of external control in the Korean manufacturing activities between 1986 and 1992. Using the data on ownership iinkages of multilocational firms between 15 administrative areas, it was possible to construct a matrix of organizational control in terms of the number of establishments. The control matrix was disaggregated by three types of manufacturing industries according to the capital and labor requirements of production processes used in. On the basis of the disaggregated control matrix, a series of measures were calculated for investigating the magnitude and direction of control as well as the external dependency. In the past decades Korean industrialization development has risen at a rapid pace, deepening integration into the world economy, together with the continuing growth of the large industrial firms. The expanded scale of large firms led to a spatial separation of production from control, Increasing branch plants in the nation. But recent important changes have occurred in the spatial organization of production by technological development, increasing international competition, and changing local labor markets. These changes have forced firms to reorganize their production structures, resulting in changes of the organizational structures in certain industries and regions. In this context the empirical analysis revealed the following principal trends. In general term, the geography of corporate control in Korea is marked by a twofold pattern of concentration and dispersion. The dominance of Seoul as a major command and control center has been evident over the period, though its overall share of allexternally controlled establishments has decreased from 88% to 79%. And the substantial amount of external control from Seoul has concentrated to the Kyongki and Southeast regions which are well-developed industrial areas. But Seoul's corporate ownership links tend to streteh across the country to the less-developed regions, most of which have shown a significant increase of external dependency during the period 1986-1992. At the same time, a geographic dispersion of corporate control is taking place as Kyongki province and Pusan are developing as new increasingly important command and control reaions. Though these two resions contain a number of branch plants controlled from other locations, they may be increasingly attractive as a headquarters location with increasing locally owned establishments. The geographical patterns of external control observable in each of three types of manufacturing industries were examined in order to distinguish the changing spatial structures of organizational control with respect to the characteristics of the production processes. Labor intensive manufacturing with unskilled iabor experienced the strongest external pressure from foreign competition and a lack of low cost labor. The high pressure expected not only to disinte-grate the production process but also led to location of production facilities in areas of cheap labor. The linkages of control between Seoul and the less-developed regions have slightly increased, while the external dependency of the industrialized regions might be reduced from the tendency of organizational disintegration. Capita1 intensive manufacturing operates under high entry and exit barriers due to capital intensity. The need to increase scale economies ied to an even stronger economic and spatial oncentration of control. The strong geographical oncentration of control might be influenced by orporate and organizational scale economies rather than by locational advantages. Other sectors experience with respect to branch plants of multilocational firms. The policy implications of the increase of external dependency in less-developed regions may be negative because of the very share of unskilled workers and lack of autonomy in decision making. The strong growth of the national economy and a scarcity of labor in core areas have been important factors in this regional decentralization of industries to less-developed regions. But the rather gloomy prospects of the economic growth in the near future could prevent the further industrialization of less-developed areas. A major rethinking of regional policy would have to take place towards a need for a regional policy actively favoring indigenous establishments.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.51-73
• /
• 2016

Considering the intensified ties between Korean service industry and the other industries in China and Japan, this study empirically analyzes the inter-industry network between the service industry in the Korean capital region and 10 industrial sectors in 20 city-regions of China, Japan, and Korea(CJK). Firstly, unit structures are constructed based on the estimated CJK interregional input-output tables to understand the production connection. Moreover, the reorganized unit structures are visualized as networks and examined from various angles. As the results of the analysis, the inter-industry network of the service industry in the Seoul Metropolitan Area is still mostly dependent on domestic industries, especially on manufacturing industry, while it shows the tendency to be weakly connected to the industries in Chinese and Japanese city-regions.

• Journal of Distribution Research
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.59-85
• /
• 1997

The automobile industry in Korea has grown to the fifth in the world in terms of production capacity. In spite of the production growth, the marketing aspects such as distribution and customer service in the auto industry are still behind the world-class. Thus, the major purposes of this paper are as follows. The first is to analyze competitive structure of the industry and to compare distribution strategies of the major auto firms(Hyundai, Daewoo, and Kia). The second is to theoretically explain the transition from the vertical marketing system to the dealer system using transaction cost analysis. The third is to compare auto distribution channels in Korea with those in the U.S. and Japan. Finally, an optimal channel stucture in the auto industry is suggested after reviewing five alternative channel structures such as corporate-owned VMS, sales-specializing firm, multiplex system(VMS+limited dealer system), dual sales channel, and advanced dealer system. In the short-run, sales-specilizing firm was suggested as an optimal channel system to enhance customer satisfaction by integrating sales and customer service. In the long-run, advanced dealer system through regional differentiation was desirable for an optimal channel structure by organically integrating new car sales, used car sales, and after service to provide total marketing service to customers.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.839-869
• /
• 2013

Since opening the domestic food markets after late 1980s, Korean agro-food sector has been changed a lot, including commercialization of livestock and horticulture sectors. The large-scale periodic transactions appeared in food retail market in 1990's demand further commercialization of farm sectors. It require comprehensive on-farm knowledges including production, food processing, marketing, and management for agricultural sector. As the result, The Farming Systems Research & Extension concept has been introduced in 1992 as a form of The Regional Specialization Experiment Station. The Science and Technology Committee for Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, and Foods are established in 2009. However, we still find gaps between on-farm knowledge demands and supply, requiring further refining of R&D systems. It also asks to differentiate applied research from basic disciplinary research, better linkages between research and extension on farm, and comprehensive knowledge transfer systems. This study recommends for proper role allocation and cooperative structures for regional research and extension institutions to reduce overlaps among them. It further asks government to support regional research and extension systems including human resource and infrastructure building, to strengthen commodity based on-farm research and extension, and to separate budget allocation for regional research and extension. Provincial administration of the county level extension offices should also be considered for better linkage between research and extension at regional level.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.163-173
• /
• 1995

Agricultural extension services in Korea has experienced various system changes and accomplishments. The biggest achievement of extension was rice self-suffiency in the 1970s and abundant vegetable and animal production in the 1980s. The emerging challenges of international competition and localization are contributing to significant changes such as the decentralization of activities and shared responsibilities between the central government and local governments. Change, while it threatens the status quo, is a challenge and an opportunity to review and revamp ensconced and often rigid structures. In this sense, it is time to start a new era in agricultural extension. The development of agricultural extension requires keen appraisals and cogent analysis based on the realities of each specific regional situation. In order to develop agricultural extension services, the various aspects, the synthetic identification of its environments, the clarification of the client, the program development, and the effective mechanisms between research and extension must be considered. Especially, agricultural extension systems should be flexible and adjust to changing environments and the farmers' needs.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.33-47
• /
• 2023

The study confirmed the "house search report(家宅搜索調書)" containing criminal records during the Japanese colonial period, as well as the production process and the way of expressing the illustrations contained in them. It also explored architectural values through analysis of the location and use of the building. This records the discovery of evidence by searching the residences of those involved in the crime from 1919 to 1922. The illustrations contained in this record were not standardized, so the contents of the article differed depending on the author's background and cultural experience. Nevertheless, this painting reflects the regional characteristics of traditional houses located throughout the Korean Peninsula. It is also evidence that the house was used for cultural, commercial, and industrial purposes, beyond the general assumption that it was used only for residential purposes. The "House Search Report(家宅搜索調書)" provides information on ordinary buildings that existed as the background of everyday life, rather than buildings with a specific purpose or exceptional design. It is evaluated as an important resource for understanding the diverse life and spatial structures of buildings during that time.