• Atmosphere
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.373-386
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• 2016

The future variability of Wind Energy Density (WED) over the Korean Peninsula under RCP climate change scenario is projected using ensemble analysis. As for the projection of the future WED, changes between the historical period (1981~2005) and the future projection (2021~2050) are examined by analyzing annual and seasonal mean, and Coefficient of Variation (CV) of WED. The annual mean of WED in the future is expected to decrease compared to the past ones in RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 respectively. However, the CV is expected to increase in RCP 8.5. WEDs in spring and summer are expected to increase in both scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. In particular, it is predicted that the variation of CV for WED in winter is larger than other seasons. The time series of WED for three major wind farms in Korea exhibit a decrease trend over the future period (2021~2050) in Gochang for autumn, in Daegwanryeong for spring, and in Jeju for autumn. Through analyses of the relationship between changes in wind energy and pressure gradients, the fact that changes in pressure gradients would affect changes in WED is identified. Our results can be used as a background data for devising a plan to develop and operate wind farm over the Korean Peninsula.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2000

Goals, research direction, and operational structure of the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC), which is co-sponsored by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the Intergovemmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), are described. Following the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) activities on the lower trophic level in ecosystem during 1980s-90s, scientists have considered the responses of the mid and higher trophic levels to the environmental or climate change. The scientific steering committee of the GLOBEC published the implementation plan in 1999, and the IGBP will support the GLOBEC as one of its core projects for 10 years. The GLOBEC programme has four major components: the research foci, framework activities, regional programmes, and integrating activity. The core of GLOBEC research is the four research foci: retrospective analyses, process studies, predictive and modelling capabilities, and feedbacks. Currently, four regional programmes have been undergoing in the world ocean: Southern Ocean GLOBEC (SO-GLOBEC), Small Pelagic Fishes and Climate Changes (SPACC), Cod and Climate Change (CCC), and Climate Change and Carrying Capacity (CCCC). Also, national GLOBEC programmes were already established in 9 nations.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.97-104
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• 2021

Despite the practical limitations of calculating the amount of inflow and supply related to the operation of agricultural reservoirs, the role of agricultural reservoirs is gradually being emphasized. In particular, as interest in disaster safety has increased, the demand for preliminary measures to prepare for disasters has been rising, for instance, pre-discharging agricultural reservoirs for flood control. The aim of this study is to analyze the plans for the flood season reservoir operation considering pre-discharge period and water level limit. Accordingly, we optimized the simulation of daily storage using the ratio correction factor (RCFs) and analyzed the amount of inflow and supply using K-HAS. In addition we developed the drought determination coefficient (k) as a indicator of water availability and applied it for supplementing the risk level criteria in the Drought Crisis Response Manual. The results showed that it would be difficult to set the water level limit during the flood period in the situation of little water supply for flood control in agricultural reservoirs. Therefore, it is necessary to operate the reservoir management regulations after measures such as securing additional storage water are established in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.147-157
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• 2013

Rice is a main crop and rice field is the most important farmland in Korea. This study was conducted to propose the methodology assessing impact and vulnerability on rice production by climate change at the regional and national level in Korea. We evaluated a vulnerability of rice paddy according to the outbreak of a main disease and pest of a rice plant. As results, Jeju-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeollanam-do were more vulnerable area than others. In contrast, the southern central region including Gyeonggi-do was less vulnerable than others. The vulnerable index was significantly higher in 2050s (0.5589) than in present (0.3500). This result showed that the vulnerable to the disease and pest enlarge in the future. The adaptive capacity highly contributed to the vulnerability assessment index. The daily maximum temperature of June and the daily average temperature from May to August also contributed the climate exposure index. The area of occurring sheath blight, rice leaf blast and striped rice borer was related to the system sensitivity index. The ability of water supply (readjustment area of arable land per paddy field area) and rice production technique (rice yield per hectare) were the highly contributed variables to the adaption capacity index.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.116-116
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• 2020

Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) is a highly mountainous and remote region covering 45% of Upper Indus Basin (UIB) with around 1.8 million population is vulnerable to climate change and socio-economic growth makes water resources management and planning more complex. To understand the water scarcity in the region this study is carried out to project water supply and demand for agricultural and domestic sector under various climate-socio-economic scenarios in five sub catchments of GB i.e., Astore, Gilgit, Hunza, Shigar and Shyok for a period of 2015 to 2050 using Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model. For climate change scenario ensembled mean of three global climate models (GCMs) was used under three different Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5). The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and agricultural Land Development (LD) scenarios were combined with climate scenarios to develop climate-socio-economic scenario. Our results indicate that the climate change and socio-economic growth would create a gap between supply and demand of water in the region, with socio-economic growth (e.g. agricultural and population) as dominant external factor that would reduce food production and increase poverty level in the region. Among five catchments only Astore and Gilgit will face shortfall of water while Shyoke would face shortfall of water only under agricultural growth scenarios. We also observed that the shortfall of water in response to climate-socio-economic scenarios is totally different over two water deficient catchments due to its demography and geography. Finally, to help policy makers in developing regional water resources and management policies we classified five sub catchments of UIB according to its water deficiency level.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

A regional climate model (RCM) can be a powerful tool to enhance spatial resolution of climate and weather information (IPCC, 2001). In this study we conducted dynamical downscaling using Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) as a RCM in order to obtain high resolution regional agroclimate indices over the Korean Peninsula. For the purpose of obtaining detailed high resolution agroclimate indices, we first reproduced regional weather for the period of March to June, 2002-2008 with dynamic downscaling method under given lateral boundary conditions from NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis data. Normally, numerical model results have shown biases against observational results due to the uncertainties in the modelis initial conditions, physical parameterizations and our physical understanding on nature. Hence in this study, by employing a statistical method, the systematic bias in the modelis results was estimated and corrected for better reproduction of climate on high resolution. As a result of the correction, the systematic bias of the model was properly corrected and the overall spatial patterns in the simulation were well reproduced, resulting in more fine-resolution climatic structures. Based on these results, the fine-resolution agro-climate indices were estimated and presented. Compared with the indices derived from observation, the simulated indices reproduced the major and detailed spatial distributions. Our research shows a possibility to simulate regional climate on high resolution and agro-climate indices by using a proper downscaling method with a dynamical weather forecast model and a statistical correction method to minimize the model bias.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.319-341
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• 2010

The purposes of this study are to classify heavy snowfall types in the Republic of Korea based on fresh snowfall data and atmospheric circulation data during the last 36(1973/74-2008/09) snow seasons and to identify typical surface synoptic climate patterns that characterize each heavy snowfall type. Four synoptic climate categories and seventeen regional heavy snowfall types are classified based on sea level pressure/surface wind vector patterns in East Asia and frequent spatial clustering patterns of heavy snowfall in the Republic of Korea, respectively. Composite analyses of multiple surface synoptic weather charts demonstrate that the locations and intensity of pressure/wind vector mean and anomaly cores in East Asia differentiate each regional heavy snowfall type in Korea. These differences in synoptic climatic fields are primarily associated with the surge of the Siberian high pressure system and the appearance of low pressure systems over the Korean Peninsula. In terms of hemispheric atmospheric circulation, synoptic climatic patterns in the negative mode of winter Arctic Oscillation (AO) are also associated with frequent heavy snowfall in the Republic of Korea at seasonal scales. These results from long-term synoptic climatic data could contribute to improvement of short-range or seasonal prediction of regional heavy snowfall.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.482-495
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• 2017

Degree-days are practically used as a tool to estimate energy consumption for heating and cooling. Degree-days are calculated by summing differences of balance point temperature and outside temperature for the analyzed period. Determining balance point temperature is a key point in calculating accurate degree-days. However, ASHRAE standards are used for balance point temperature in Korea because balance point temperature considering climate conditions and building thermal performance is not proposed in Korea. This study proposes the process to generate balance point temperature for heating degree-days considering Korean climate and building conditions. Also, a new balance point temperature for three regions in Korea will be suggested in this study. Balance point temperature of Seoul is approximately $15.0^{\circ}C$, lower than the current standard of $18.3^{\circ}C$. Balance point temperature of Seoul considering climate conditions and building performance can be different from the ASHRAE suggested value ($18.3^{\circ}C$). Results revealed the current standard for balance point temperature should be changed considering climate and building conditions in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Quaternary Association Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2004

Long term observational analysis by climatologists has confirmedthat the global warming is no longer a topic of debate among scientists andpolicy makers. According to the report of IPCC-2001 (Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change), the global mean surface air temperature is increasinggradually. The reported increase of mean temperature is by 0.6 degree in the end of twentieth century. This could represent severe threat for propertylosses especially due to increase in the number of extreme weather arising out of global warming. period of model integration from 2001 to 2100 using output of ECHAM4/HOPE-G of Max Planet Institute of Meteorology (MPI) for IPCC SRES (Special Report on Emission Scenarios). The main results of this study indicate increase of surface air temperature by 6.20C and precipitation by 2.6% over Korea in the end of 21st century. Simulation results also show that there is increase in daily maximum and minimum temperatures while decrease in diurnal temperature range (DTR). DTR changes are diminished mainly due to relatively rapid increase of daily minimum temperature than that of daily maximumtemperature. It has been observed that increase in precipitation amount anddecrease in the number of rainy days lead to increase of pre precipitationintensity.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2005

Nowadays Climate disasters are frequently happening due to occasional occurrences of EI Nino and La Nina events and among them, water shortage is one of the serious problems. To cope with this problem, climate model simulations can give very helpful information. To utilize the climate model for enhancing the water resources planning techniques, probabilistic measures of the effectiveness of global climate model (GCM) simulations of an indicator variable for discriminating high versus low regional observations of a target variable are proposed in this study. The objective of this study is to present the various analysis methods to find the suitable application methods of GCM information for Korean water resources planning. The basic formulation uses the significance probability of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for detecting differences between two variables. The various methods for adopting correct association, changing the window size, discrimination condition, and the use of temporally down scaled data were proposed to find out the suitable way for Korean water resources planning.