• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.256-268
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• 2013

Objective: To study the attitudes and awareness of healthcare professionals (physicians, pharmacists, nurses and others) toward the Pharmacovigilance system and experience for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from a Single University Hospital in Deajeon. Methods: A survey was performed using a structured questionnaire involving 360 health-care professionals at the hospital between $1^{st}$ November and $16^{th}$ November, 2012. Results: Sixty-five percent (n=235) of all respondents were experienced incidences of ADRs for their patients and 55.8% (n=201) knew the ADR Spontaneous Reporting System in the hospital. However, three-fourths (n=273, 75.8%) of respondents did not know the existence of the Korean Association of Regional Pharmacovigilance Centers (KARP) and 61.7% (n=222) were unaware of the obligation of ADR report from KFDA in cases of serious ADRs. About 83% (n=299) answered that the electronic ADR report system of the hospital was helpful while their work and most (n=336, 93.3%) agreed on the necessaries of the promotion and education about ADR. Conclusion: Seventy-five percent (n=271) of respondents wanted to continue the work for evaluation and feedback for ADRs reported in the hospital. However, the barriers to reporting ADR were; inconvenient ADR reporting system and the lack of time to report ADRs. This study showed that the easier ADR reporting system and education and promotion about ADRs for health-care providers are needed to improve the ADR reporting.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8069-8073
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• 2014

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide, with a high mortality. Most patients present with late stage disease, when the treatment options are limited to systemic chemotherapy. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the significance of p53 and EGFR expression in HCC, and to determine whether these two markers correlate with conventional parameters of prognosis. Materials and Methods: Our study included a total of 45 patients, diagnosed histopathologically with HCC. Clinicopathological data including sex, age, tumor necrosis, tumor size, histologic grading, tumor stage, the presence of cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis, were recorded from the Institute database. Three independent microscopic fields were selected for each sample and all the tumor cells within each microscopic field were counted, and then the positive percent of p53 cells were calculated. Three staining patterns were recognized: diffuse, heterogenous and focal. The intensity of EGFR staining was scored on a scale of 0-3+: 0 no staining; 1+ when a weak membrane staining was observed; 2+ when membrane staining is more intense than in 1+, but less than 3+, and 3+ when intense dark brown staining delineated the membrane. To determine the relationship between EGFR expression and p53, we performed double staining in the same HCC specimens. Results: By immunohistochemical staining, p53 protein was detected in tumor cell nuclei in 20 HCCs (44%). We found a significant correlation between the intensity of p53 expression and the histological grade (p=0.008). EGFR expression was detected in 17 (38%) cases, linked to histological grade (p=0.039). Moreover, the intensity of p53 expression was significantly correlated with EGFR intensity (p=0.014). Conclusions: Our results suggest that overexpression of p53 and EGFR plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis and contributes to more advanced disease. These markers are not only valuable predictors of prognosis in HCC, but they are also rational targets for new anti-tumor strategies.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 1987

This study is to evaluate the potential use of aclarubicin-loaded gelatin microspheres as an intravascular biodegradable drug delivery system for the regional cancer therapy. The diameter of the microspheres prepared by water in oil emulsion polymerization could be controlled by adjusting the stirring rate in the range of 10-50 $\mu$m : D(in $\mu$m) = -73.8 log (rpm) + 262.7. The addition of proteolytic enzyme increased the in vitro aclarubicin release but it did not change the amount of the initial burst release which reached about 45%. Microspheres injected intravenously into the mouse tail vein embolized only to the lung when observed by fluorescence microscopy. From histological examination following injection of gelatin microspheres into mouse femoral muscle, mild inflammation was observed from the appearance of neutrophils after 2 days and rapid repair process was confirmed thereafter. Biodegradation process of gelatin microspheres lodged on the pulmonary capillary bed was followed up by microscopic observation; degradation was taking place by about 36 hrs, followed by severe damage on the spheerical shape and microspheres was no longer found 10 days after injection.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.255-258
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• 2002

In order to determine the safety of chemicals and pharmaceutical products, various methods can be used to evaluate the toxicity. In this study the genotoxic effect of the widely used industrial chemical, cadmium chloride, was assessed using the micronucleus test in peripheral blood of mice. The presence of micronucleated reticulocytes by microscopic observation following acridine orange staining indicated a potential genotoxic effect. The genotoxicity of intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered cadmium chloride (0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg) appeared to be dose dependent, with the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) found to be 2 mg/kg. Compared to the negative control (saline), cadmium chloride (2 mg/kg) exhibited statistically significant genotoxic potential (P<0.05) but was found to be less than the positive control of mitomycin C (0.5 mg/kg) and was not statistically significant compared to historical negative controls (P>0.05).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.160-163
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• 2007

Two flavonoids (1 and 2) and one phenolic acid (3) obtained from Erigeron annuus have recently been shown to have potent antioxidant activities. Aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of these components on $interferon-{\gamma}$ and lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide productions in the mouse pheritoneal macrophage. Compounds 2 and 3 showed marked inhibitory activities against inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on the lipopolysaccharide and $interferon-{\gamma}-stimulated$ mouse pheritoneal macrophages without cytotoxicity. Therefore, these results suggest that the compounds could be effective anti-inflammatory agents as nitric oxide inhibitors in vivo.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.278-284
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• 1994

Streptomyces spp. purchased from American Type Culture Collection and Institute for Fermentation in Osaka, and donated from Northem Regional Research Laboratory, and those isolated from soil samples were assayed to isolate many plasmids harboring streptomycetes. Among these qrganisms, 5 small size-plasmid carrying organisms SNUS 8810-597A, 8810-600, 8810-754, 8811-344, and 8811-347 were characterized and their plasmids pSJ597, pSJ600, pSJ754, pSJ344, and pSJ347 were isolated in a large scale. The plasmid harboring organisms were sensitive to neomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and thiostreptone, but some of them showed weak or strong resistance against streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and tetracycline. It was confirmed that pSJ597 and pSJ600 do not carry antibiotic biosynthetic genes. pSJ600 showed a pock-forming character.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2010

Gyeongsangbukdo is nation's leading producer of medicinal crop. Based on this, Gyeongbuk-specific measures for the development of oriental medicine industry is proposed. The aim is the development of oriental medicine industry and regional economic in Gyeongbuk. Production, research and development, manufacturing, distribution are constructed in industrial cluster. And each step need a quality control strictly. In production field, make the seed valley of medicinal crop and Good Agricultural Practice park. In research and development field, study on efficacy of oriental medicine with Good Laboratory Practice. In manufacturing field, make industrial park for foods, dietary supplements and drugs with Good Manufacturing Practice. In distribution field, supports advanced distribution program with Good Supply Practice.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2013

A simple and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of ${\varepsilon}$-acetamidocaproic acid (AACA), the primary metabolite of zinc acexamate (ZAC), in rat plasma by using normetanephrine as an internal standard. Sample preparation involved protein precipitation using methanol. Separation was achieved on a Gemini-NX $C_{18}$ column ($150mm{\times}2.0mm$, i.d., 3 ${\mu}m$ particle size) using a mixture of 0.1% formic acid-water : acetonitrile (80 : 20, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 200 ${\mu}l/min$. Quantification was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer employing electrospray ionization and operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and positive ion mode. The total chromatographic run time was 4.0 min, and the calibration curves of AACA were linear over the concentration range of 20~5000 ng/ml in rat plasma. The coefficient of variation and relative error at four QC levels were ranged from 1.0% to 5.8% and from -8.4% to 6.6%, respectively. The present method was successfully applied for estimating the pharmacokinetic parameters of AACA following intravenous or oral administration of ZAC to rats.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.625-631
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• 1996

The $H^+$-selective membrane consists of tridodecylamine, 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether and a little amount of additive in carboxylated PVC matrix, where penicillinase(Pcase ) and glutaraldehyde may be covalently attached to the matrix. When the $H^+$-selective electrode was used as a detector of biosensor, calibration curve calculated from Nernst equation was not linear. So we investigated the characteristic responses of the $H^+$-selective electrode to the product H+ from hydrolysis of penicillin-G(Pc-G) and plotted calibration curve correlating potential to concentration of Pc-G linearly. The optimal concentration of buffer solution was theoretically calculated and was also experimented. We tried to explain the linear curve of potential to concentration of Pc-G by using Henderson-Hasselbach equation. This method is more effective in calibration curve plotting than any other previous methods. The results obtained may help in further developing pH electrodes with improved analytical preformance.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.216-230
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• 2021

Objective: Taking action on health inequalities starts with the production of information laying out the problems of inequalities, but Korean society has no national database to view related data at a glance. This study aimed to compare Korean national database with the Public Health Profile (PHP), a health inequality database of the UK. Methods: Data were collected from the websites of government and relevant organizations in the both countries between March and August 2020, which was updated in August 2021. Two themes including Co-occurring substance misuse and mental health issues in mental health and INteractive Health Atlas of Lung conditions in England were selected for comparison in terms of data accessibility, data usability and data visualization. Results: The British PHP is being served on a web-based platform, Fingertips. The data collected at the regional level were presented on 31 health inequality themes. The data are displayed at a level that can be compared between comparable communities, and visualized into various tables and figures. Comparable Korean data were scattered in several themes and websites, and mostly provided as a 17 administrative region base, which was too vast to make a meaningful comparisons. Conclusion: The findings proposed several considerations which could be useful for establishing a database of health inequality in the Korean society.