• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 1999

Chthamalus challengeri Hoek was collected from intertidal rocks to rear the larvae from hatching through nauplius to cyprid in the laboratory. Larval development consists of six nauplius stages and a cyprid. Unilobed labrum with a prominent protuberance and the frontolateral horns folded under the anterior cephalic shield margin are diagnostic features through all nauplius stages. The posterior border of the cephalic shield bears no posterior shield spines in nauplius stages IV-Ⅵ. There is a specific hispid seta in the fourth group of the antennal endopodite. Morphological features such as the cephalic shield, labrum, abdominal process, antennules, antennae and mandibles in all nauplius and cyprid stages are illustrated and described. The numerical setations of the antennule are found to aid in the intraspecific identification of barnacle nauplius stages without dissection. The keys to each stage of the barnacle larvae in Korean coastal waters are provided based on the reared nauplii of seven species: Pollicipes mitella Octomeris sulcata, Chthamalus challengeri, Balanus albicostatus B. trigonus, B. amphitrite, and B. improvisus inhabiting Korean coastal waters.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 1997

The major economic health problem of dairy cattle is mastitis which can affect 10 to 50% of cow-quarters. This health problem is difficult for many dairy farmers and health advisors to understand, diagnose and control. Without special laboratory testing, most mastitis is overlooked. Estimates of annual mastitis cast per cow vary from $50 to $200. For the nearly 9 million cows in the United States, annual loss to the dairy industry amounts to over one billion. A knowledge-based decision aid has been developed to evaluate mastitis data retrieved electronically from two of nine U. S. regional dairy records processing centers. Heuristic rules to diagnose herd mastitis problems were collected and incorporated into the system from various domain experts. This system information. It allows users to select mastitis control schemes with various degrees of aggressiveness and teaches commonly accepted mastitis control practices.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.204-207
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• 2020

A 12-year-old dog was evaluated for depression and anorexia. The results of complete blood count and serum biochemistry were normal. Survey radiographs revealed markedly enlarged right kidney and abdominal ultrasound showed a renomegaly and hydronephrosis filled with mixed echogenic fluid. Primary renal tumor was suspected in this dog. Nephroureterectomy of the right kidney was performed, and no regional metastases have been identified. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) arising from renal pelvis accompanied hydronephrosis of the right kidney was diagnosed on histology. TCC usually affects trigone of the bladder, and renal origin of TCC is a very rare finding in dogs. This is the first case report to present the clinical features, diagnostic imaging findings and histopathological characteristics of a dog with TCC originating from the renal pelvis in Korea.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.39.1-39.20
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• 2018

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an advanced diagnostic tool used in both medicine and dentistry. Since it functions based on a strong uniform static magnetic field and radiofrequency pulses, it is advantageous over imaging techniques that rely on ionizing radiation. Unfortunately, the magnetic field and radiofrequency pulses generated within the magnetic resonance imager interact unfavorably with dental materials that have magnetic properties. This leads to unwanted effects such as artifact formation, heat generation, and mechanical displacement. These are a potential source of damage to the oral tissue surrounding the affected dental materials. This review aims to compile, based on the current available evidence, recommendations for dentists and radiologists regarding the safety and appropriate management of dental materials during MRI in patients with orthodontic appliances, maxillofacial prostheses, dental implants, direct and indirect restorative materials, and endodontic materials.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2022

The article analyzes the main theoretical approaches to the formation of managerial competencies and establishes the degree of development of the problem. The content of the concept of "managerial competence" has been clarified, to determine the structure of managerial competencies of a future specialist in the education system and indicators of the formation of managerial competencies. The organizational and pedagogical conditions necessary for the effective process of forming the managerial competencies of future specialists are revealed. The following research methods were used in the work: theoretical (analysis of regulatory documents and scientific literature on the problem under study, comparison, generalization, modeling), empirical (diagnostics of the level of formation of managerial competencies of students of the system, questioning, observation, peer review, comparative qualitative and quantitative analysis of diagnostic results the level of formation of managerial competencies).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.4071-4075
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• 2016

Background: FDG PET/CT is at an equivocal stage to recommend for staging of colorectal cancer as compared to contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT). This study was intended to evaluate the value of FDG PET/ceCT in colorectal cancer staging as compared to ceCT alone. Materials and Methods: PET/ceCT was performed for 61 colorectal cancer patients who were prospectively enrolled in the study. Three patients were excluded due to loss to follow-up. PET/ceCT findings and ceCT results alone were read separately. The treatment planning was then determined by tumor board consensus. The criteria for T staging were determined by the findings of ceCT. Nodal positive by PET/ceCT imaging was determined by visual analysis of FDG uptake greater than regional background blood pool activity. The diagnostic accuracy of T and N staging was determined only in patients who received surgery without any neoadjuvant treatment. Results: Of 58 patients, there were 40 with colon cancers including sigmoid cancers and 18 with rectal cancers. PET/ceCT in pre-operative staging detected bone metastasis and metastatic inguinal lymph nodes (M1a) that were undepicted on CT in 2 patients (3%), clearly defined 19 equivocal lesions on ceCT in 18 patients (31%) and excluded 6 metastatic lesions diagnosed by ceCT in 6 patients (10%). These resulted in alteration of management plan in 15 out of the 58 cases (26%) i.e. changing from chemotherapy to surgery (4), changing extent of surgery (9) and avoidance of futile surgery (2). Forty four patients underwent surgery within 45 days after PET/CT. The diagnostic accuracy for N staging with PET/ceCT and ceCT alone was 66% and 48% with false positive rates of 24% (6/25) and 76% (19/25) and false negative rates of 47% (9/19) and 21% (4/19), respectively. All of the false negative lymph nodes from PET/ceCT were less than a centimeter in size and located in peri-lesional regions. The diagnostic accuracy for T staging was 82%. The sensitivity of the peri-lesional fat stranding sign in determining T3 stage was 94% and the specificity was 54%. Conclusions: Our study suggested promising roles of PET/ceCT in initial staging of colorectal cancer with better diagnostic accuracy facilitating management planning.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제104권3호
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• pp.488-494
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• 2015

경영 표준진단표를 통해 재배자 스스로 경영 진단을 할 수 있도록 하고 이를 참고하여 임가 경영 개선에 도움이 되고자 떫은감 경영 표준진단표를 개발하여 주산단지의 임가를 대상으로 적용하였다. 떫은감 경영 표준진단표는 임가 일반 현황과 경영 성과 지표, 그리고 경영 진단을 위한 3개의 대분류 항목과 18개의 중분류 항목으로 구성되어 있다. 떫은감 경영 표준진단표 작성을 위해 떫은감 주산단지 10개 시 군 241임가의 경영 실태 조사를 실시하였으며 경영수준 진단을 위해서 18개 중분류 항목의 점수를 합산하여 총점을 산출하였다. 조사 결과 241임가의 평균 점수는 57.4점이었으며 전체 임가의 62%가 40점 이상 60점 미만에 해당하는 것으로 나타났다. 세부 진단항목 결과를 살펴보면 경영기반 지표에서는 나무높이 항목의 점수가 충남 지역에서만 평균 점수보다 현저히 낮은 점수를 나타냈는데 이는 조사 지역의 나무가 30년 이상 된 고령목들이 많아 영향을 준 것으로 생각된다. 생산기술 지표에서 결실조절 항목의 전국 평균 점수는 1.96점으로 상당히 낮은데 떫은감은 단감과 달리 적뢰 적과를 거의 하지 않고 자연 낙과를 통해 스스로 조절하는 경우가 많기 때문이다. 경영 및 판매능력 지표의 자재구입 항목에서는 전국 평균 점수가 2.01점으로 조사 임가의 60% 이상이 대부분의 자재를 개별적으로 선택하고 협상하여 구입한다고 응답하였다. 공동으로 구입한다고 응답한 임가들은 대부분 작목반 단체로 구입하는 경우인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제101권4호
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• pp.695-702
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• 2012

밤 재배 경영주가 스스로 현재의 경영 상태를 체크하여 어느 정도 수준에 위치해 있는지 파악하고 현재보다 상위의 목표를 설정하여 발전해 나갈 수 있도록 밤나무 경영 표준진단표를 개발하여 활용하고자 하였다. 표준진단표의 작성을 위해 밤 관련 연구자와 밤 주산단지의 선도농가를 전문가로 선정하여 2번의 자문회의를 거쳤으며, 밤 재배 경영기반, 경영 및 판매능력, 생산기술수준으로 구성되는 3개의 대분류 항목과 19개의 중분류 항목을 선정하였다. 작성된 표준진단표를 활용하여 대표적인 밤 주산단지인 청양, 공주, 부여, 순천의 4개 지역에서 총 212개 밤 재배 임가의 경영실태를 설문조사 하였고, 이 중 총 159개 임가의 설문지를 결과 분석에 사용하였다. 표준진단표의 총점은 각 평가 인자 항목의 점수를 합계하여 산출하였는데 전체 임가의 평균 점수는 68.0점으로 나타났다. 지역별로는 부여지역이 69.7점으로 가장 높았고, 순천지역이 61.8점으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 총점이 높은 그룹일수록 ha당 생산량은 많아지는 것으로 나타났지만, 전체 생산량 중 특품 이상 비율이 증가하는 것과는 통계적으로 연관성이 없었다. 밤재배 경영기반과 경영 및 판매능력에서는 고령의 재배자가 많은 순천지역에서의 점수가 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 생산기술수준에 대해 살펴보면 4개 지역 모두 70% 이상이 친환경재배를 하고 있어 병해충 방제시 항공 방제를 이용하고 있는 임가는 많지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2016

소아는 방사선 감수성이 어른에 비해 높고 몸의 크기가 작아 어른과 같은 양의 방사선에 노출 되더라도 유효선량은 어른에 비해 더 높기 때문에 불필요한 피폭 방사선량을 줄이는 것이 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소아 두부 CT 검사에 있어서 피폭 방사선량을 경감할 수 있는 방법을 모색하고자 부산지역 병원들에서 시행된 년 간 소아 두부 CT 검사에 대한 CT 선량지표(CTDI)를 국내 진단참고준위와 비교하여 분석함으로써 제안점을 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 부산시내에 설치된 CT 장비 중 소아 두부 CT 검사를 시행하며, 선량보고서를 PACS로 전송하는 24개 병원 28대 CT 장비를 대상으로 하여 소아 두부 CT 검사를 의뢰받은 10세 미만의 소아 2,043명을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과적으로 전체병원의 소아 두부 CT의 선량지표 CTDIvol의 평균값은 31.18 mGy, DLP는 $444.73mGy{\cdot}cm$로 나타나 진단참고준위를 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 연령이 낮을수록 방사선에 대한 관리가 더욱 필요하다고 할 수 있는데 연구결과 6-10세 이하의 연령에 비해 더 낮은 다른 두 연령별에서 진단참고준위를 초과하는 환자수와 초과되는 비율이 높게 나타났다. 따라서 불필요한 방사선 노출을 줄이고 선량관리를 위한 노력들이 필요하다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 진단참고준위를 벗어나는 선량의 정도를 파악하고 초과되는 선량지표의 원인을 분석하여 선량감소를 위한 방안을 마련하고자 한다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.511-524
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• 2017

This study was carried out for the purpose of creating a restoration plan to improve the ecological quality of the Changwon and Nam streams. Based upon the results of comprehensive diagnostic assessment, restoration priority was given to the upstream reach, where conservation status is relatively superior. Restoration level was usually determined to practice active restoration as conservation, and the states of both Changwon and Nam streams were not so good. Restoration plans, by reach, were classified into "upstream", "midstream", and "downstream" were suggested in both terms of horizontal section frame and vegetation-based on the result of diagnostic assessment and the reference information. "Upstream", "mid-stream" and the "downstream" of Changwon and Nam streams were classified into "small-gravel- mountainous", "small-sand-plain", and "small-clay-plain streams" respectively (based on scale, and substrate and slope of river bed). The spatial arrangement of vegetation was laid out in diagram form by reflecting micro-topography and the water level of the horizontal section of river. Information regarding species composition was recommended as dominant species, which appear frequently in three vegetation zones composed of herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees and sub-tree- dominated zones divided by reflecting disturbance regime, depending on position on the horizontal section of river. Moreover, there have been prepared not only plans to improve the terrestrial ecosystems around the streams but also plans to create ecological networks, which can serve to improve the ecologic quality of the whole regional environment by serving to connect streams and terrestrial ecosystems, a process probably necessary and definitely recommended to realize true (genuine) restoration. Plans for ecological parks and networks were prepared by mimicking the species composition of Alnus japanica community, Zelkova serrata community, Carpinus laxiflora community, Quercus aliena community, and Q. serrata community.