• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.743-755
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• 2022

This study aims to review the differences in urban regeneration independently implemented by the government (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, MOLIT) and Seoul based on related laws and ordinances, and to draw out the implications of Korean urban regeneration's directions. The results are as follows. First, Seoul has constantly responded to the revision of the Urban Regeneration Act by adjusting and specifying the contents of ordinances, and especially, there have been efforts to enhance regional characteristics suitably for the circumstances of Seoul. Second, in the urban regeneration of Seoul, the budgets including the matching ratio of national and local subsidies shall be changed according to the standards of the MOLIT in changing designating places after the selection of the urban regeneration by the ministry, and this procedure and these implementation methods cause confusion to Seoul and local governments. Third, there were differences in the results of comparing the budgets and support methods of the "Gaggum Housing Project" of Seoul and "New Deal Housing Repair Project" of the MOLIT, which caused conflicts due to the differences in the project implementation and support standards, and the arbitrary interpretation of the guidelines. Although the urban regeneration greatly contributed to the revelation and conservation of regional characteristics, it might be necessary to establish systems that can enhance citizens' awareness and compensate the efficient contents needed for each region in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.114.1-114
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• 2003

A new isolate of rod-shaped virus was identified from grafted cactus, Gymnocalycium mihanovichii grafted onto Hylocereus trigonus, in Korea. The virus proved to be a new Tobamovirus and called previously as Tobamovirus-Ca for which we suggest the name Cactus mild mottle virus(CMMoV), because it produced systemic mild mosaic symptoms on its original host. CMMoV is distantly related to known species of the genus Tobamovirus on the basis of host range, serological and sequence analyses. Western blot analysis showed that CMMoV is serologically unrelated to Summons' Opuntia virus which is the only known species of the genus found in cactus plants. The 3'-terminal 2,910 nucleotides have been sequenced for the virus. The coat protein (CP) and movement protein (MP) genes encode 161 and 306 amino acids residues, respectively. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the CP were 39.6 ％ to 49.2 ％ and 26.4 ％ to 40.3 ％ identical to other tobamoviruses, respectively. The MP and 3' noncoding region shared 16.3 ％ to 23.3 ％ and 44.6 ％ to 63.4 ％ identities, respectively, with the members of the genus. Phylogenetic tree analysis of the CP gene revealed that CMMoV clusters with members of subgroup I of Tobamovirus. CMMoV particles contained genomic RNA along with two subgenomic RNAs, and this characteristics is common in the members of the subgroup II. This is the first information of sequence and comparative analysis of a Tobamovirus that infects cactus.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.55-71
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• 2023

This paper theoretically explores the calculation of development impact fees focusing on urban growth, new urban development, developer, urban planner, housing, real estate market, community planning, community financing, local government, land use planning, public facilities, and development cost. Many questions related to who bears the burden of paying impact fees beg for answers based on empirical analysis. Those questions involve the extent to which landowners bear the burden, the effect of different levels of impact fees on the socioeconomic mix of communities, the distribution of fiscal benefits within a region where urban communities assess different levels of impact fees, and the preparedness of urban communities to accommodate development displaced by impact fees. Broader questions also relate to how urban and regional form is affected by differential application of impact fees throughout an area and whether money gained from the impact fees makes regional growth more or less efficient. Who ultimately pays development impact fees? There has been little empirical evaluation of how the market responds to development impact fees, but there is considerable information to suggest that, on the whole, the occupants - residents and users - pay the majority of the development impact fees.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.294-294
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• 2022

In 2013, the Asian Development Bank classified the Philippines among the countries facing high food security risks. Evidence has suggested that climate change has affected agricultural productivity, and the effect of extreme climatic events notably drought has worsened each year. This had resulted in serious hydrological repercussions by limiting the timely water availability for the agriculture sector. Laguna is the 3^rd most populated province in the country, and it serves as one of the food baskets that feed the region and nearby provinces. In addition to climate change, population growth, rapid industrialization, and urban encroachment are also straining the delicate balance between water demand and supply. Studies have projected that the province will experience less rainfall and an increase in temperature, which could simultaneously affect water availability and crop yield. Hence, understanding the composite threat of climate change for crop yield and water consumption is imperative to devise mitigation plans and judicious use of water resources. The water footprint concept elaborates the water used per unit of crop yield production and it can approximate the dual impacts of climate change on water and agricultural production. In this study, the water footprint (WF) of six main crops produced in Laguna were estimated during 2010-2020 by following the methodology proposed by the Water Footprint Network. The result of this work gives importance to WF studies in a local setting which can be used as a comparison between different provinces as well as a piece of vital information to guide policy makers to adopt plans for crop-related use of water and food security in the Philippines.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2023

Due to the convergence and complexity of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the boundaries between industries have become unclear and ambiguous. Consequently, there is a lack of research on how firms engaged in this industry are changing their location behavior. Recently, some attempts to classify the industrial groups of the 4th Industrial Revolution and their detail occupations have been made, and this study adopts the classification of Lee and Jung (2020) of the Korea Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade. In this study, the 18 detailed industries commonly included in multiple industrial groups are defined as 'core industries' and are classified into manufacturing and service industries to explore the spatial patterns of firms' location. Specifically, this study aims to examine how the location behavior of firms in core industries of the 4th Industrial Revolution has changed from 2010 to 2019 in the Seoul metropolitan area, using the 「National Business Survey」 data. We employed two methods based on spatial auto-correlation: (i) spatial kernel density estimation analysis and (ii) local Moran's I_i analysis. The results indicate that the core industry firms form more distinct and larger clusters in 2019 based on the clusters formed in 2010. Specifically, manufacturing industry firms tended to concentrate in the southern region of Gyeonggi and parts of Seoul, while serivce industry firms were more concentrated in Seoul. These core industries play a critical role in industries and are closely related to the ICT industries, which generate high-added value and increase productivity in the front and rear industries. This study reveals that the agglomeration of these industries in specific regions is intensifying and may exacerbate regional inequality.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.5-16
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• 2022

Since 1910 the enactment of the Land Survey Act, Special Act on Cadastre Resurvey was enacted after about a century and the Surveying for the Cadastral Resurvey Project will be scheduled by 2030. The establishing boundaries occupies an important proportion in this project and the regulation on surveying for the cadastral resurvey provide specific examples of the criteria for it. This regulation can be set according to not only ground boundary and cadastral boundary, but also customary boundaries of the relevant region and boundaries agreed between landowners. However, there is no standard rule whether to accept the agreement boundary and can be abused some problems. In addition, there is a question about the subject that agreement between individuals on the public record managed by the nation. In this study, boundary agreed in cadastre related subject is examined in depth and improvement proposal about the problems. The research results can be established evaluation standard of competent authorities of the cadastral records and the Surveying for the Cadastral Resurvey Project will be progressed smoothly with effective use of land.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.42.1-42.1
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• 2021

In this study, we present a visual explanation of a deep learning solar flare forecast model and its relationship to physical parameters of solar active regions (ARs). For this, we use full-disk magnetograms at 00:00 UT from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Michelson Doppler Imager and the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, physical parameters from the Space-weather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP), and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite X-ray flare data. Our deep learning flare forecast model based on the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) predicts "Yes" or "No" for the daily occurrence of C-, M-, and X-class flares. We interpret the model using two CNN attribution methods (guided backpropagation and Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping [Grad-CAM]) that provide quantitative information on explaining the model. We find that our deep learning flare forecasting model is intimately related to AR physical properties that have also been distinguished in previous studies as holding significant predictive ability. Major results of this study are as follows. First, we successfully apply our deep learning models to the forecast of daily solar flare occurrence with TSS = 0.65, without any preprocessing to extract features from data. Second, using the attribution methods, we find that the polarity inversion line is an important feature for the deep learning flare forecasting model. Third, the ARs with high Grad-CAM values produce more flares than those with low Grad-CAM values. Fourth, nine SHARP parameters such as total unsigned vertical current, total unsigned current helicity, total unsigned flux, and total photospheric magnetic free energy density are well correlated with Grad-CAM values.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.379-387
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• 2023

In this study, twenty-five yeast strains were isolated from soil samples collected in the gold mining ore in Gia Lai, Vietnam. Among them, one isolate named GL1^T could highly tolerate Cu²⁺ up to 10 mM, and the isolates could also grow in a wide range of pH (3-7), and temperature (10-40 ℃). Dried biomass of GL1 was able to remove Cu²⁺ effectively up to 90.49% with a maximal biosorption capacity of 18.1 mg/g at pH 6, temperature 30 ℃, and incubation time 60 min. Sequence analysis of rDNA indicated this strain was closely related to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa but with 1.53 and 3.46% nucleotide differences in the D1/D2 domain of the 28S rRNA gene and the ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2 region sequence, respectively. Based on phylogenetic tree analysis and the biochemical characteristics, the strain appears to be a novel Rhodotorula species, and the name Rhodotorula aurum sp. nov. is proposed. This study provides us with more information about heavy metal-tolerant yeasts and it may produce a new tool for environmental control and metal recovery operations.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.100-118
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• 2015

This study established a land-cover classification method on objects using satellite images, and figured out distributional patterns of land cover according to categories through spatial statistics techniques. Object-based classification generated each land cover classification map by spectral information, texture information, and the combination of the two. Through assessment of accuracy, we selected optimum land cover classification map. Also, to figure out spatial distribution pattern of land cover according to categories, we analyzed hot spots and quantified them. Optimal weight for an object-based classification has been selected as the Scale 52, Shape 0.4, Color 0.6, Compactness 0.5, Smoothness 0.5. In case of using the combination of spectral information and texture information, the land cover classification map showed the best overall classification accuracy. Particularly in case of dry fields, protected cultivation, and bare lands, the accuracy has increased about 12 percent more than when we used only spectral information. Forest, paddy fields, transportation facilities, grasslands, dry fields, bare lands, buildings, water and protected cultivation in order of the higher area ratio of DMZ according to categories. Particularly, dry field sand transportation facilities in Yanggu occurred mainly in north areas of the civilian control line. dry fields in Cheorwon, forest and transportation facilities in Inje fulfilled actively in south areas of the civilian control line. In case of distributional patterns according to categories, hot spot of paddy fields, dry fields and protected cultivation, which is related to agriculture, was distributed intensively in plains of Yanggu and in basin areas of Cheorwon. Hot spot areas of bare lands, waters, buildings and roads have similar distribution patterns with hot spot areas related to agriculture, while hot spot areas of bare lands, water, buildings and roads have different distributional patterns with hot spot areas of forest and grasslands.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.907-913
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• 2010

Human enteroviruses (HEV) are considered one of the major infectious causes of central nervous system infections such as aseptic encephalomeningitis in pediatrics. This study was focused on providing information related to genetic characteristics and diversities of HEV which prevailed between 2007 and 2009 in Busan, Korea. A total of 2,743 specimens were collected from children and screened for isolation of HEV by cell culture and RT-PCR. Among the specimins, 240 isolates were grouped into 21 different HEV serotypes using VP1 RT-PCR. The major etiological agents were CV-A6 and CV-B2 in 2007, E-6 and E-30 in 2008 and CV-B1 in 2009. The occurrence of HEV infections was the most frequent in the summer (May to August, 188 cases, 78.3%). Most of the isolates were identified from specimens from children under 10 years old, with the highest occurrence in the 2 to 4 year old range (15.2%). However, there were no significant differences between male and female children for the isolates. For analyzing genetic characterization, VP1 gene was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The phylogenetic tree was established by Clustal W method using DNASTAR software. Using the sequence analysis of the VP1 region, it was classified into 2 groups; HEV-A and HEV-B. The HEV-A group contained 6 serotypes and sequences of 31 isolates were compared within each serotype. The HEV-B group contained 10 serotypes and the sequences of 41 isolates were compared within each serotype. Homology analysis of the VP1 region showed that the identity scores of HEV-A and B isolates were different. In conclusion, genetic divergences were observed among the isolates from children between 2007 and 2009 in Busan.