• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.413-431
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• 2001

Previous analyses of deposit-refund systems (hereafter DRS) mosty concerned consumer-paid DRS. While there has been a trend to put more emphasis on the producers' responsibility in recycling, especilly in Europe, and the supplier-paid DRS has been enforced in Korea during the past decade, little attempt has been made to analyse rigorously the nature of the supplier-paid DRS. This paper looks into the effects of the supplier-paid DRS on firm behaviors and profits under the oligopolistic market structure. It is shown that, in the cournot model where firms strategically interact each other, when the deposit rate is high enough, firms' profit increase as the deposit rate rises. Furthermore, where the number of firms are sufficiently large, it can happen that, as the deposit rate increases, both social welfare and firms' profit improve.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1143-1154
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• 2001

This research aimed to examine consumer's expectancy disconformation related to purchase satisfaction/dissatisfaction and post-purchase behavior in cable TV home shopping. A total of 700 questionnaires were randomly sent to cable TV home shoppers and 172 copies were used in final analysis. Frequency analysis. correlation analysis, analysis of variance, regression analysis, path analysis, and multinominal logit were used. The expectancy discoformation on \"fitting\" and \"how well the clothes suits oneself\" were significantly related to the complaint behavior of return and refund. TV home shoppers tended to express their complaints by requesting the home shopping company or the manufacture company for a compensation rather than express privately such as warning friends, stop buying and boycotting the item. The significant variables that would influence consumers to seek refund rather than exchange were purchase satisfaction, request of compensation to the company, overall expectancy disconformation and expectancy disconformation on decoration and details and suiting oneself.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2003

In this paper, a partially blind signature schemes baled on EC-KCDSA is proposed and we applied it to design an electronic check payment system. Because the proposed partially blind signature scheme uses elliptic curve cryptosystem, it has better performance than any existing schems using RSA cryptosystem. When issuing a refund check, one-time pad secret key is used between the bank and the customer to set up secure channel. So the symmetric key management is not required.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.221-229
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find out ways to enhance corporate value by using more efficient use of non-reflux Income which is commonly considered in existing corporate income tax refund and newly introduced investment and mutual aid promotion tax. Specifically, we analyzed the effect of income tax return income and income tax return on wages and fixed - asset investments, which are commonly considered in the two tax systems, on firm value. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that short-term internal reserves and income reflux activities had a negative impact on firm value, and long-term internal reserves and income reflux return had positive effects on firm value. It is recommended not to formulate uniform criteria such as the ratio of income refund activity to the contents of tax, but to apply the tax refund to the internal taxation system and the taxable income source.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.207-221
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• 2003

A hash chain is highly efficient, attractive structure to use in electronic cash. Previous systems using hash chain were, however, either credit-based vendor-specific cash or debit-based general-purpose cash which lacks efficiency due to double spending problem. In this paper, we propose a new divisible cash system using hash chain. This newly proposed cash is general-purpose, debit-based, anonymous, and offline. The efficiency of the system results from its capacity to pay variable amounts with no additional costs. A client always performs a single blind signature in the withdrawal phase, independent of the length of the chain. During payment, a client performs a single challenge-and-response or generates a single signature, independent of the amount paid. This system provides a new refund mechanism, which uses a refund ticket, that allows clients to refund the unspent part of the chain without revealing any connection to the spent part.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 2016

The purposes of this study was to identify fashion shoppers' perceived risk and satisfaction while shopping at overseas online shopping malls based on their internet shopping values. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and an internet survey was conducted from April 12~15, 2015. Most consumers purchased one or two fashion items at overseas online malls directly, motivated by low prices, and spent 200,000~400,000 won during the last one year. The factors of consumers' internet shopping values were information, hedonics, and practicality. Factors of perceived risk were delivery and refund, price and approval, and product and shopping mall. Consumers were divided into three categories: heavy pursuit shoppers, intermediate shoppers, and uninformed shoppers based on their internet shopping values. Heavy pursuit shoppers were primarily female; they spent more, felt a deeper patronage with overseas online shopping malls and their perceived risk regarding delivery and refund was higher than the other shoppers. The group of uninformed shoppers were primarily male. They spent less, had low patronage with overseas online shopping malls, and their perceived risk regarding delivery and refund was lower than other shoppers. Overall satisfaction was positively affected by information provided while shoppers were surfing the overseas online shopping malls and practicality. Satisfaction was negatively affected by perceived risk regarding price and approval and difficulty in finding specific products while shopping at overseas online shopping malls.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.339-360
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• 2012

We have more risks in international trade market than in the domestic business market because economic activities are going on with business transactions in different countries. K-sure's Refund Guarantee System is the most important system for Korean Small and Middle Shipbuilding Industries' business, but Korean exporters of Shipbuilding Industries are more interested in export financing through K-sure rather than its financial supporting services. The export insurance becomes more important service for international trade business and it its count as the only one indirect way of supporting export business because export insurance is accepted internationally under the WTO system. Also, it is the only measure that can cover emergency risk, credit risk, exchange risk which cannot be covered by private insurance. As the major risk manager for Korean exporters, the K-sure needs to provide an integrated risk management service for customers. Korean exporters can take more challenges in ever competitive international trade market and we can witness promotion of export in the future which is essential to Korea's economic growth.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.163-171
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• 2020

Currently, most of the mobile game market releases games through Google play and App Store, which have a high share. Because it uses a third-party platform, only the payment API system provided must be used, and third-party platform pays the game company after excluding certain fees. Because game companies do not know whether or not to refund items and cannot get back items through third party transactions, users and professional websites are continuously appearing that exploit refunds. In this thesis, after analyzing problems of existing payment method and presenting a payment model using blockchain smart contract, we analyzed differences from existing model in terms of transparency, decentralization(fee), efficiency, and as a result, payment model using smart contract has low commission through P2P transaction without third parties and transparent transaction record, preventing item forgery and refund. Later, the proposed payment model would lead to the culling of companies acting on behalf of refunds for words that deviate from moral ethics such as "Refund OK even with items" and resolve the problem of unreasonable fees that arise through third-party platforms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.51-54
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• 2008

PON(Passive Optical Network) is the promising technology applicable to TPS(Triple Play Service). To improve process the packet, MAC(Multiple Access Control) is the most important technology in the PON. The core of MAC is DBA(Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment), it classifies SR-DBA(Status Report DBA) and NSR-DBA(Non Status Report DBA). But GPON DBA is using BPON's DBA, so it's bad in network efficiency. This study develop BR(Borrow-Refund)-DBA for improve network efficiency and prompt process. For take the gauge of performance evaluation, estimate about throughput, fairness and queue delay in SR-DBA and NSR-DBA environment

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.54
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• pp.3-44
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• 2012

Shipbuilding industry is one of the most influential ones in Korea. As shipbuilding industry is labor-intensive, it contributes to enhancing both local economy and national economy. Shipbuilding industry has been downsizing since the end of 2008 due to global financial crisis caused by America's sub-prime mortgage and aggravated by European countries' fiscal deficit. As a large fund is required for a single normal shipbuilding contract, fund raising is one of the most important elements in shipbuilding contract. Shipbuilding contract, requires refund guarantee in order for a buyer to reimburse the progressive payment paid to a builder. The disputes under shipbuilding contracts are mostly settled by arbitration rather than by law suit. English laws and English courts have been preferred for the choice of law as well as for the choice of forum. Due to depreciation of the ship value since the end of 2008, a number of buyers are trying to cancel the contract by raising unjust claim under the contract. Once disputes occurs regarding shipbuilding contract, a large amount of loss is inevitable. In order to mitigate the disputes arising from the shipbuilding contract, careful caution is required in drafting a shipbuilding contract.