• 토지주택연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2022

주거는 현실세계에서 중요한 의미를 가진다. 그에 비해 메타버스의 주거는 다양한 메타버스 서비스 플랫폼들에서 만들어지고 있으나 아직까지 다른 건축 유형들에 비해 관심이 부족하다. 본 연구는 주거의 의미, 유형과 특성에 기초하여 현실세계의 주거 모델을 바탕으로 메타버스 주거의 개념을 확립하고 발전 방향을 모색하고자 한다. 이를 위해 선행연구 조사, 기존 주거 모델 분석, 메타버스 주거 사례 연구 및 설문조사를 실시하였다. 또한 분석된 내용을 토대로 물리적, 사회적, 개인적 모델을 포함하는 메타버스 주거 모델을 제시하였고, 물리적 모델의 공간 꾸미기 및 피난처 특징과 개인적 모델의 자기표현 특징을 메타버스 주거를 가장 잘 나타낼 수 있는 특징으로 파악하였다. 본 연구의 결과가 향후 메타버스 가상세계 연구 및 서비스 플랫폼 개발에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.815-822
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• 2021

Indigenous fungus-feeding nematodes may adversely affect the growth and activity of introduced biocontrol fungi. Alginate pellets of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum ThzID1-M3 and sclerotia of the fungal plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were added to nonsterile soil at a soil water potential of -50 or -1,000 kPa. The biomass of ThzID1-M3, nematode populations, and extent of colonization of sclerotia by ThzID1-M3 were monitored over time. The presence of ThzID1-M3 increased the nematode population under both moisture regimes (p < 0.05), and fungivores comprised 69-75% of the nematode population. By day 5, the biomass of ThzID1-M3b and its colonization of sclerotia increased and were strongly correlated (R² = 0.98), followed by a rapid reduction, under both regimes. At -50 kPa (the wetter of the two environments), fungal biomass and colonization by ThzID1-M3 were less, in the period from 5 to 20 days, while fungivores were more abundant. These results indicate that ThzID1-M3 stimulated the population growth of fungivorous nematodes, which in turn, reduced the biocontrol ability of the fungus to mycoparasitize sclerotia. However, colonization incidence reached 100% by day 5 and remained so for the experimental period under both regimes, although hyphal fragments disappeared by day 20. Our results suggest that indigenous fungivores are an important constraint for the biocontrol activity of introduced fungi, and sclerotia can provide spatial refuge for biocontrol fungi from the feeding activity of fungivorous nematodes.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2021

We conducted an analysis of agroforestry system efficiency to conserve biodiversity in the Mbalmayo Forest Reserve (MFR) between March 2018 and June 2018. A synthesis of forest fragmentation data observed on multiple strata and scale satellite imageries over 31 years, between 1987 and 2018 as well as, the use of both a floristic and a faunal surveys, revealed that although 29.28% of natural forests was fragmented and converted to agroforests landscapes, banana and cocoa based agroforest appeared to perform the most relevant records in carbon storage and to attract wild terrestrial and avifauna. Analysis of NDVI, NDWI and Iron Oxyde helped monitor the vegetation cover of the reserve, and differentiate natural and fragmented classes, majority of conserved forest wetlands and agroforestry systems, and a minority of natural dryland forest. Further analysis also revealed significant correlations between NDVI and Shannon Index, and between NDVI and carbon stock. Based on the NDVI value and the equation Y=3.827×X-1.587 (where Y for the carbon stocks and X for NDVI value), we estimated the total carbon stock of the forest reserve at about 99557.6 tonnes, and its mean value at about 8.491 tons/ha. Nevertheless, environmental efforts to sustainably manage agroforestry landscape appear to be a relevant key to conserve wild biodiversity and mitigate climate change at the level of the Mbalmayo Forest Reserve. If anthropogenic activities have deeply changed the reserve's natural landscape, reduced its carbon sequestration performance, and wildlife conservation status, forest wetlands appear to remain its most conserved places and the best refuge for wild fauna still occurring in diverse strata of the MFR.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

본 연구는 도시철도 지하역의 '피난' 및 '소방'에 관련한 제도적 현황을 분석하여 현행 도시철도 지하역에서의 '피난'에 대한 제도적 한계점을 도출하여 이를 바탕으로 건축공간적 측면에서의 가이드라인을 제안하고자 하였다. 연구의 결과 다음과 같은 점이 도출되었다. 첫째, 유사 기준이 개별법령에 분리 제정되어 기준 파악이 어렵고 서로 이원화되어 있기 때문에, 도시철도에 한정하여 도시철도 이용객의 이동 동선에 따라 머무는 공간을 표준화하여 규정할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 열차 이용을 위해서는 반드시 '티켓팅' 이라는 특수한 절차를 고려해야 하며 대합실과 승강장 사이에 피난안전구역, 피난계단에 대한 규정이 필요하다. 마지막으로 지하 30m이상 깊이의 대심도에서 승강장이 있는 경우, 현행 건축법과 유사한 기준에 따라 피난층을 설치하도록 할 필요가 있다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2023

This study is about the traditional house of Kim Myeong-Gwan, the founder of Gwangsan Kim clan(光山金氏) and the 30th grandson of Heunggwang, the 49th king of the Unified Silla Dynasty. He sought a place to take refuge due to a plot and built a house in Jeongeup, adjacent to Yeonsan or Nonsan, Chungcheong-do, which is the home of the Gwangsan Kim clan. The location of old houses was analyzed through Hyeongselon(形勢論) and hyeongguklong(形局論) of Pungsu theory. The results of fengshui analysis of the house through fengshui literature that was presumed to have been used at the time are as follows.The dragon(龍) shows an auspicious condition in which the dragon vein is well connected from its roots in the Honam vein to Guksabong Mountain on Josan Mountain, Bibongsan Mountain on Sojo Mountain, and Mt. Changhasan reaching Jusan Mountain. Hyeol(穴) is a type of Wahyeol(窩穴) and is a Hwalwa(濶窩). Hyeolseong(穴星) is a Jeongche-Hyeolseong(正體穴星) and is a Suseong Hyeol(水星穴). HyeolJung(穴證) and Hyeolgi(穴忌) have the conditions to create hyeol. As for Sa(砂), the height of Hyeonmu(玄武) is not that high, but the Jujak(朱雀) is relatively high, the left blue dragon(左靑龍) is complemented by the outer blue dragon(外靑龍), and the right white tiger(右白虎) does not sufficiently surround the house. To compensate for this, Bibosu trees(裨補樹) were planted at the time of the construction of the house. As for the Water element, it appears to be auspicious as it approaches the old house in the form of a curve, but it has the disadvantage of not sufficiently surrounding the house, so an artificial pond is dug as a Bibo Pungsu(裨補風水). Through this study, it was found that Pungsu was applied as an important consideration factore in selecting the location of the house, and that Pungsu was not just a theory but had a practical effect in preserving the life and property of the family under the risky circumstances of the time.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2023

Haeju was home to the Hwanghae-do Provincial Office and a hub for supporting the northwestern regions of Korea. Local commerce expanded in Haeju during the late Joseon period based on its abundant resources and regional products, leading it to evolve into a large city. King Seonjo temporarily resided in Haeju while seeking refuge from the Japanese Invasions of Korea, and Yi Yi (sobriquet: Yulgok) secluded himself in Seokdam in Haeju in his later years. King Seonjo's residence in Haeju and Yi Yi's retirement there boosted interest in the city among the literati and influenced its places of scenic beauty. The development of its local history and literary achievements were documented in a wide variety of historical records and visual materials. Eight scenic views in Haeju became famous through a poem written by Seong Su-ik in the late sixteenth century. Around the mid-eighteenth century, eight new scenic views became popular. Local officials and travelers from other regions produced a vast body of prose and poetry focusing on the landscape and society of Haeju, playing a crucial role in raising awareness of its scenic attractions. Most surviving visual materials related to Haeju were created in and after the nineteenth century. Many of them illustrate both landscapes and the everyday lives of people. Among them, paintings of scenic spots created by Jeong Seon (sobriquet: Gyeomjae), who never actually visited Haeju in person, raises some of the issues posed by relying on indirect materials. In contrast, Eight Scenic Views of Haeju, which is presumed to have been produced by a local painter, appears to have accurately highlighted the characteristics of each scenic spot. Moreover, Haejudo, a folding screen presenting a panoramic view of Haeju, incorporates content from paintings depicting eight scenic views, in this case Eight Scenic views of Haeju. This practice can be observed in visual materials of other provincial cities.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.577-596
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• 2024

Geometric abstract art has been a persistent form since ancient times and is defined in modernity as a genre of abstract painting. According to previous studies, the geo- metric structure of traditional Korean costume possesses uniqueness based on Korean thought and philosophy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to first derive the characteristics of Wilhelm Worringer's theory, a theorist of geometric abstraction, and then compare the spiritual similarities between the traditional Korean costume and geometric abstract art, with the aim of examining the artistic competitiveness of Hanbok. Photographic materials from domestic and international museums, as well as books published by museums and government agencies, were analyzed. Further, the characteristics of Worringer's theory of the abstract impulse were derived. The results are as follows. First, the external factors are characterized by a single geometric shape on a flat surface with restrained spatial expression. The internal factors include anxiety, comfort from religion or ideology, and the need for a visual refuge for rest. Second, traditional Korean costume and geometric abstraction share common spiritual contexts of artistry, transcendence, and stability according to Worringer's theory. Third, the study of the spiritual similarities between the traditional Korean costume and geometric abstract art through Worringer's theory reveals that the artistry of traditional Korean costume is expressed in universal forms, transcendence as intrinsic origins, and stability as a unique aesthetic consciousness. These findings provide a framework for reinterpreting the originality and universality of traditional Korean costume as Korean cultural content, infused with the characteristics of modern art.

• 수완나부미
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.185-211
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• 2024

Southeast Asian cities like Manila, the Philippines, and Singapore have witnessed economic, political, and cultural changes over the years, especially after periods of colonization. States control their urban fabric-that is, its organization, planning, and design of cities-and thus dictate the flow of capital and forces of labor. Urban poor settlements, an offshoot of capital accumulation, are (re)moved around these cities in accordance with governing visions of development. For populations that are forced into changes brought about by urban development, practices of remembering are also controlled by dominant powers. These "monuments" are established in/as spaces to oblige an image of membership into a society ruled by such powers. Nevertheless, alternate sites of remembering counter these monumental spaces. This paper takes an interest in two novels that feature such places. Liwayway Arceo's Canal de la Reina (1972) and Suchen Christine Lim's The River's Song (2013) both figure rivers in Manila and Singapore, respectively. The eponymous river is the central axis of Canal de la Reina, entangled in class conflict and swift urban change in post-Commonwealth Manila. In The River's Song, the famous Singapore River provides a refuge for reminiscing about Singapore before the city-state's independence. Comparing these novels to what Filipino comparatist Ruth Jordana Pison calls fictional "counter-memory," we argue that their rivers remember personal and embodied experiences eliminated from hegemonic accounts of the city. Thus, they function as what we call "counter-monuments" for the urban poor marginalized in the history of the Philippines and Singapore.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2017

순천시 송광면 삼청리 왕대마을에 자리하고 있는 초연정이 왕의 피난처, 제각, 별업, 강학공간으로 변모되는 양상에 착안하여, 시기별로 변모되는 장소성과 문화경관의 변용양상을 탐색하고 그 의미를 추적한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연재 송병선이 명명한 '초연'이란 정자명칭은 노자의 도덕경에 연원하는데, 순천 초연정을 비롯하여 포천 초연대, 가평 초연대, 창덕궁 후원 초연대, 유성 옥류각의 초연물외 등 정(亭), 대(臺), 각(閣) 등 공간속에 다양하게 투영되고 있어 도가적 풍류가 유가적 공간에 자연스럽게 접목되는 유불도 습합양상을 도출할 수 있다. 둘째, 초연정은 모후산 풍수경관과 수목석이 어우러진 계류풍광과 암경, 월출경, 도가적 이상향을 반영한 동천복지, 성리학적 이상향을 반영한 구곡처 등 승경향유의 요처에 절묘하게 자리하고 있으며, 왕대마을(왕의 주둔지), 유경(留京), 왕대사적 바위글씨, 그리고 오장대(장군기를 꽂아 놓은 자리), 모후산 등 고려말 공민왕의 피난처였다는 전설이 전해지는 장소성을 갖는다. 셋째, 초연정의 아름다운 계류 암벽 바위글씨(趙鎭忠別業, 宋秉璿)를 통해 유가적 가치를 반영한 거점(별업)뿐만 아니라 도가적 동천복지로서의 영역성(1km 이내에 월청, 풍청, 수청 각자와 삼청동천), 그리고 외원권역을 확장하여 수변계류에 9곡 <세록교(洗鹿橋) 봉일대(捧日臺) 자미구(紫薇鳩) 운매대(雲梅臺) 와룡총(臥龍叢) 광석대(廣石臺) 은선굴(隱仙窟) 벽옥담(碧玉潭) 와석포(臥石布)>을 설정하고 산수유상과 강학, 경관미학적감수성 제고 등 수심양성을 위한 성리학적 낙토를 원림속에 담아낸 복합 문화경관 향유 양상을 보여준다. 넷째, 초연정은 1778년 대광사 승려의 수도처(水石亭)로서 선원 기능을 하던 장소인데, 1836년 조진충이 선조의 묘 앞에 제각을 지어 별업을 초창했고, 1864년 조재호는 기와로 중수하여 선조를 기리는 별업기능과 도가적 은일처로 활용하는 확장성을 추적할 수 있다. 이후 1890년 조준섭은 스승 연재 송병선에게 '초연'이라는 정자 명칭을 받아 강학처로 활용하는 등 (1)불교 수도처${\rightarrow}$(2)유교 별업처${\rightarrow}$(3)별업+도교적 풍류처${\rightarrow}$(4)별업+도교적 풍류처+강학처(성리학적 낙토)로 용도가 확장 변용되는 양상을 추적할 수 있다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.331-341
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 둠벙의 수서곤충군집과 식물 군집에 영향을 주는 수환경 특성을 확인하고자 민통선에 존재하는 5개 유형 16개 둠벙을 선택하여 물의 화학적 특성과 둠벙과 주변 환경과의 연결 특성을 조사하였다. 둠벙의 유형으로는 괸물, 괸물-물흐름, 샘통, 괸물-샘통 그리고 물흐름-샘통형을 사용하였다. 연중 이온의 농도 변화는 괸물형 둠벙에서 가장 작았고 샘통형 둠벙에서 가장 컸다. 음이온 농도가 가장 높은 곳은 괸물형 둠벙이었으며, 양이온 농도가 가장 높은 곳은 물흐름-샘통형 둠벙이었다. 연구 장소에서 발견된 식물은 228종이었으며, 이중 습지 식물이 63종이었다. 수서곤충은 95종이 발견되었다. 확인된 희귀식물은 6종이었고, 희귀수서곤충은 4종이었다. 괸물-샘통형 둠벙에서 종풍부도가 가장 높았다. 둠벙의 크기와 종풍부도는 상관관계가 없었으며, 다변량 통계를 통해 분석한 결과 둠벙 유형별로 생물군집에서 차이가 나는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 둠벙에서 수환경 변화와 주변 환경과 둠벙의 연결성이 생물군집에 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었으며, 둠벙은 담수생태계로서 이질성을 높여 농업지역의 생물다양성을 높이는데 기여함을 확인하였다.