• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2011

Arsenic is one of the most abundant contaminant found in waste mine tailings and soil around refinery, Because of its carcinogenic property, the countries like United States of America and Europe have made stringent regulations which govern the concentration of arsenic in soil. The study focuses on solidification/stabilization for removal of arsenic from soil. Cement was used to solidify/stabilize the abandoned soil primarily contaminated with arsenic (up to 68.92 mg/kg) in and around refinery. Solidified/stabilized (s/s) forms in the range of cement contents 5-30 wt % were evaluated to determine the optimal binder content. Revised Korean standard leaching tests (KSLT), toxicity characteristic leaching procedures (TCLP), Old Korea standard leaching test and revised Korea standard leaching test were used for chemical characterization of the S/S forms. The addition of 10 % cement remarkably reduced the leachability of arsenic in contaminated soil. The concentration of As in leachate of TCLP, KSLT, and old KSLT for soil are below the standard. However that in leachate of revised KSLT is above the standard. Because of extraction fluid used in revised KSLT is very strong acid. It is arsenic in s/s with binder should be exhaustingly leached. Therefore S/S process would not be available for As treatment in soil in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1986

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of arsenic (As) fractions in paddy soils in relation to some soil characteristics and to find out the relationship between As fractions in soil and As content in brown rice. Soils and rice samples were collected from paddy field adjacent to arsenic mining and refinery sites. Sequential extraction procedures were used to fractionate As in soils into the designated forms of water soluble-As, Al-As, Fe-As, Ca-As, and residual-As. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The percent distribution of As fractions in soil showed a wide difference depending on some soil properties. The relative abundance of the extractable inorganic As fractions was in the order of Fe-As>Al-As>Ca-As>Water soluble-As regardless of mining and refinery sites. Residual-As fraction was more abundant in mining site than in refinery site. 2. With increasing soil pH, the percent distribution of Fe-As and Al-As fractions were decreased, but that of Ca-As and Residual-As fractions increased. The percent distribution of Al-As fraction in soil was negatively correlated with soil CEC, but others showed positive relationships. 3. Active Al and Fe content, and exchangeable Ca content in soil were positively correlated with the percent distribution of Al-As, Fe-As, and Ca-As fractions in soil respectively, and higher correlation between them was shown in mining site than in refinery site. 4. Soil As fractions, except for water soluble-As, showed significant correlation with among each others and also with 1N HCl extration method using as the common soil As extractant in Korea. 5. Arsenic content in brown rice had highly significant correlation with Al-As fraction in soil and it also showed significant correlation with Fe-As and Ca-As fractions, Total-As, and 1N-HCl extractable As.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.637-651
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• 2019

In the event of a major accident such as an explosion in a refinery or a petrochemical plant, it has caused a serious loss of life and property and has had a great impact on the insurance market. In the case of catastrophic incidents occurring in process industries such as refinery and petrochemical plants, only the proximate causes of loss have been drawn and studied from inspectors or claims adjustors responsible for claims of property insurers, incident cause investigators, and national forensic service workers. However, it has not been done well for conducting root cause analysis (RCA) and identifying the factors that contributed to the failure and establishing preventive measures before leading to chemical plant's catastrophic incidents. In this study, the criteria of warning signs on CCPS catastrophic incident waning sign self-assessment tool which was derived through the RCA method and the contribution factor analysis method using the swiss cheese model principle has been reviewed first. Secondly, in order to determine the major incident warning signs in an actual chemical plant, 614 recommendations which have been issued during last the 17 years by loss control engineers of global reinsurers were analyzed. Finally, in order to facilitate the assessment index for catastrophic incident warning signs, the criteria for the catastrophic incident warning sign index at chemical plants were grouped by type and classified into upper category and lower category. Then, a catastrophic incident warning sign index for a chemical plant was developed using the weighted values of each category derived by applying the analytic hierarchy process (pairwise comparison method) through a questionnaire answered by relevant experts of the chemical plant. It is expected that the final 'assessment index for catastrophic incident warning signs' can be utilized by the refinery and petrochemical plant's internal as well as external auditors to assess vulnerability levels related to incident warning signs, and identify the elements of incident warning signs that need to be tracked and managed to prevent the occurrence of serious incidents in the future.

• Fire Protection Technology
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• s.28
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• pp.48-54
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• 2000

The technique detects radiant energy form a flaming fire of fuels contained carbonaceous material can be applied to fast growing fires. This technique applied detectors are ultimately effective when early detecting fire alarm system is required or the smoke and heat detectors can not applied. In Korea Fire regulation, a flame detector should be install in case that the installation height is higher than 20[m], chemical plant, hangar refinery. Therefore it is really necessary that a flame detector has to be developed as soon as possible. With foundation technique of flame detector, ideal sensing element and stable circuit design, a trial UV flame detector is manufactured. The stable and reliable technique of flame detector is established through the repeateed perfomance test and modification. An early detecting fire alarm device is developed through the modification, supplement of the structure and circuit. Results of the R & D for the manufacture of an excellent flame detecting device is carried out with the establishment of technique for the mass production and the qualified manufacturing process.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.469-474
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• 2000

In order to enhance the degradation efficiency of waste activated sludge (WAS) by thermophilic aerobic digestion, an ultrasonic pretreatment was examined. It was observed that ultrasonic pretreatment increased the solubilization of organic matter in the WAS and that the solubilization ratio of the organics increased during the first 30 min but did not extensively increase thereafter. Therefore, a pretreatment time of 30 min was determined to be the economical pretreatment time from the experimental results. From the digestion experiments, which was conducted using the WAS collected from an oil refinery plant in Inchon, Korea, investigating the effects of an ultrasonic pretreatment on thermophilic aerobic digestion, it was confirmed that the proposed ultrasonic pretreatment was effective at enhancing the release of the cellular components in WAS and the degradation of released components in the thermophilic aerobic digestion.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 2003

The international oil majors have been reducing the size of their own oil tanker fleet since early 1980s. Like international oil majors, the Korean refineries are becoming more dependent on tanker chartering rather than tanker ownership for their oil transportation since the 1990s. They also prefer spot charter to time charter and this kind of trend has continued up to now. Consequently, this paper attempted to find the factors influencing changes in tanker fleet composition. To attain the object of the paper, an empirical study is adopted using the ten decision-making factors derived from preceeding studies. The findings are that MARPOL and OPA 90, and transportation costs are the most important factors influencing an oil tanker fleet composition.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.475-478
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• 2008

The 3 ton/day-scale pilot plant consists of waste press, feed channel, fixed bed type gasification & melting furnace, quench scrubber, syngas refinery facility and flare stack. $H_2$/CO ratio of gasification syngas using the solid waste and sludge in the 3 ton/day gasifier showed about 1. Gasification melting furnace was operated $1,300{\sim}1,600^{\circ}C$. $H_2$/CO ration control system was obtained $H_2$/CO ratio 2 and 3.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 1997

Two membrane-rdated research projects are now being developed in Japan and their main target is to develop new inorganic membranes. The first project is the R & D of membranes for carbon dioxide recovery at high temperature, conducted by the Japan Fine Ceramics Center (JFCC) and Japan Fine Ceramics Association (JFCA) under the supervision by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). The second one is the R & D of membranes for petroleum refinery and chemical processes, conducted by the Japan High Polymer Center (JHPC) under the supervision by the Petroleum Energy Center (PEC). Cooperating with these projects researchers in many universities and research institutes have been publishing many interesting data of inorganic membranes manufactured by various methods. Many such results are summarized and reported.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.66-72
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• 2002

During the last ten years, effort has been made for reducing maintenance cost for aged equipments and ensuring safety, efficiency and profitability of petrochemical and refinery plants. Hence, it was required to develop advanced methods which meet this need. RBI(Risk Based Inspection) methodology is one of the most promising technology satisfying the requirements in the field of integrity management. In this study, a qualitative assessment algorithm for RBI based on the API 581 code was reconstructed for developing an RBI software. The user-friendly realRBI software is developed with a module for evaluating qualitative risk category using the potential consequence factor and the likelihood factor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2003

During the last decade, effort has been made f3r reducing maintenance cost for aged equipments and ensuring safety, efficiency and profitability of petrochemical and refinery plants. Hence, it was required to develop advanced methods which meet this need. RBI(Risk Based Inspection) methodology is one of the most promising technology satisfying the requirements in the field of integrity management. In this study, a quantitative assessment algorithm fir RBI based on the API 581 code was reconstructed for developing an RBI software. The user-friendly realRBI software is developed with a module for evaluating quantitative risk md financial risk using the potential consequence and the likelihood. Also, inspection planning module for inspection time and inspection method are included in it.