• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.421-425
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• 2015

Background: This study was performed to evaluate the amplification of HER-2/neu in patients with melanoma. Materials and Methods: Amplification of HER-2/neu was evaluated in a group of patients with melanoma, referred to two referral centers in Tehran, using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) techniques. Results: Forty patients with mean age $57.9{\pm}19.5years$ were enrolled in this study. The most frequent type of melanoma was acral, while lower limbs were the most frequent sites. The amplification of HER2/neu was negative in 97.5% of patients with IHC and in 100% of patients with CISH technique. Only one case (2.5%) shows weak positive staining (+2) in IHC method. Fifty five percent of melanoma was ulcerative, and the most common stages of tumors were stages 4b and 3b. More than 47% of cases were in Clark level III, while the mean of Breslow thickness was $3.56{\pm}2.87mm$. The stage of the case that showed weakly positive staining (2+) in IHC was 4b. Conclusions: The amplification of HER2/neu biomarker was negative in patients with melanoma, using both CISH and IHC techniques.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 2008

Background and Objectives : Clinical suspicion and appropriate diagnostic procedures are essential for the timely management of extrapulmonary type of mycobacterial disease. In the hope of suggesting a suitable guideline for the early diagnosis of laryngeal tuberculosis, the authors reviewed their clinical pathways and the characteristics of patients with laryngeal tuberculosis who were managed in the recent 10 years at a single tertiary referral hospital, Samsung Medical Center. Subjects and Method : Retrospective chart review was performed for the 25 adult patients with laryngeal tuberculosis. Among 25 cases, 12 were pathologically confirmed by laryngeal biopsy and the other 13 were clinically diagnosed by cumulative clinical information; definite laryngitis on laryngoscopy, positive AFB (acid fast bacillus) smear/culture or active pulmonary tuberculosis on chest X-ray, and substantial response to anti-tuberculosis medication. Results : Chest X-ray revealed active pulmonary tuberculosis in 72% of patients (N=18/25). Sputum AFB smear/culture was positive in 95% of all tested patients (N=21/22) and in 100% of the tested patients who have stable or no evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (N=5/5). All patients except one who had coexisting laryngeal malignancy showed considerable improvement in their subjective symptoms and laryngeal findings within the first 2 months of anti-tuberculosis medications and they achieved complete response on subsequent sputum studies, chest X-ray and laryngeal findings after $7.0{\pm}2.3$ months of the medications. Conclusion : We suggest that chest X-ray and sputum AFB smear/culture to be the first step of work-up for the patients having laryngeal tuberculosis in suspicion since laryngeal tuberculosis is largely associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis and/or sputum AFB study offers high yield even in case of primary laryngeal tuberculosis. However laryngeal biopsy must be considered in case showing unsatisfactory response to the anti-tuberculosis medication for more than 2 months.

• Hip & pelvis
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.88-98
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• 2023

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and risk factors for development of periprosthetic occult femoral fractures during primary cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to assess the clinical consequences of these fractures. Materials and Methods: A total of 199 hips were examined. Periprosthetic occult femoral fractures were defined as fractures not detected intraoperatively and on postoperative radiographs, but only observed on postoperative computed tomography (CT). Clinical, surgical, and radiographic analysis of variables was performed for identification of risk factors for periprosthetic occult femoral fractures. A comparison of stem subsidence, stem alignment, and thigh pain between the occult fracture group and the non-fracture group was also performed. Results: Periprosthetic occult femoral fractures were detected during the operation in 21 (10.6%) of 199 hips. Of eight hips with periprosthetic occult femoral fractures that were detected around the lesser trochanter, concurrent periprosthetic occult femoral fractures located at different levels were detected in six hips (75.0%). Only the female sex showed significant association with an increased risk of periprosthetic occult femoral fractures (odds ratio for males, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-1.01; P=0.04). A significant difference in the incidence of thigh pain was observed between the occult fracture group and the non-fracture group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Occurrence of periprosthetic occult femoral fractures is relatively common during primary THA using tapered wedge stems. We recommend CT referral for female patients who report unexplained early postoperative thigh pain or developed periprosthetic intraoperative femoral fractures around the lesser trochanter during primary THA using tapered wedge stems.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.324-329
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• 2009

Purpose : Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) is a rare disease, but its prognosis is fatal because of lack of efficient treatment modality. Recently, it has been reported that there was epidemic AIP in Korea. This study aims to investigate the past and current status of AIP in Korea. Methods : We performed a nationwide survey and a prospective study. From August 6 to 15, 2008, a questionnaire survey was conducted to identify the prevalence, local distribution, and response to current treatments. The questionnaire was answered by pediatrician working in 23 referral centers in Korea. In addition, 5 referral centers in Seoul performed a preliminary prospective observational study by obtaining clinical data and specimens from appropriate patients. The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention analyzed the samples for possible pathogens. Results : The survey showed 78 AIP cases had occurred and 36 patients had died. Lung biopsy was performed only on 20 patients. In 2008, 9 AIP cases developed. In a prospective study, 9 (M:F=5:4) patients developed AIP in spring and 7 (78%) died, with the mean rate of death occurring 46 days after diagnosis. Human corona virus 229E, cytomegalovirus, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, and parainfluenza virus were isolated from the respiratory specimens. Conclusion : This study showed nationwide prevalence of AIP in Korea. In addition, because of the high mortality rate and rapid progress, pediatricians need to be aware of the disease. Further studies and a nationwide network are required for reducing the morbidity and mortality rates related to AIP.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.26-36
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• 2021

Purpose : This study aimed to present the incidence of pressure ulcers and identify different associated factors according to the time of occurrence of pressure ulcers in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods : The participants were 313 patients who reported pressure ulcers among 2,908 patients in ICUs at a large tertiary hospital in Gyeonggi-do. Among them, 220 patients (70.3%) had a pressure ulcer before admission, and 93 patients (29.7%) reported newly developed pressure ulcers after admission to the ICU. Data were collected between August 2018 and April 2019. Along with the time of occurrence and characteristics of pressure ulcers, diverse associated factors were gathered through electronic medical records. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and 𝑥²-tests. Results : Different risk factors associated with pressure ulcers in ICU patients according to the time of occurrence were main diagnosis, score of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, score of Richmond agitation sedation scale, level of consciousness, administered sedatives, use of a ventilator, insertion of a feeding tube, and the duration of fasting period. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, healthcare providers, especially ICU nurses, should try to detect early signs and symptoms of pressure ulcers, taking into account the derived factors associated with pressure ulcers in ICU patients. Practical intervention programs and strategies considering the factors associated with pressure ulcers must be developed to prevent and alleviate such ulcers in ICU patients in the future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.495-513
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• 2004

As this study is the descriptive research study that tries to present the basic data aiming to establish a role of nurses for the Community Welfare Center, by surveying the role expectation and the degree of role performance towards nurses for the Community Welfare Center that nurses for the Community Welfare Center and social workers recognize, it carried out the Questionnaire research targeting nurses who are working for the Community Welfare Center located in Seoul and social workers of institutions where nurses are working, and then analyzed the results, and the study results are as follows. Both the group of nurses and the group of social workers were highly recognizing the necessity and the importance of nurses for the Community Welfare Center, and expected that more effective services will be possible to be offered by means of that nurses do work for the Community Welfare Center. However, compared to the degree that social workers recognize a nurses specialty, the nurses thought that their specialty is not acknowledged in the Community Welfare Center, and even in case of duty friction between groups being felt while social workers and nurses are working together, nurses were experiencing further friction of duties. While nurses are well recognizing their roles, they are statistically and significantly recognizing the degree of role performance lower than expected, thus the difference between the role expectation and the role performance could be seen. Also, the group of nurses showed the higher role expectation towards nurses than the group of social workers, and in relation to roles of a counselor, referral resource, an advocator, an educator, a case manager, a and a coordinator, the degree of role expectation by the group of nurses is statistically and significantly higher than the group of social workers, thus it could be seen that there is difference in the expectation degree between both groups, as to a role of nurses for the Community Welfare Center. In particular, as to a role of universally medical services, the expectations between nurses and social workers showed mutual agreement, but in relation to a role of nurses for community in the more expanded sphere, social workers did not show a receptive attitude, thus it was indicating that there exists an element of role conflict. In relation to the role performance of nurses for the Community Welfare Center, nurses were feeling the disorder degree more than social workers, in all items of disorder factors, and there was difference in recognition between nurses and social workers, as to the priority of disorder factors. Because of, through this study, having been found the difference in recognition of role expectation, the degree of role performance, and a disorder factor between nurses and social workers, as to the nurses for the Community Welfare Center, it is required a study with a more diversified method on a role of nurses for the Community Welfare Center.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.3945-3949
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• 2014

Background: A cancer registry program has been established in East Azerbaijan and this has emphasized the importance of cancers of gastrointestinal tract in this region. The aim of the present pathology-based cancer registry report is to renew epidemiologic aspects of gastrointestinal tract cancers and estimate recent trends. Materials and Methods: A survey team reviewed and collected all records of cancer cases from all referral and valid pathology laboratories of East Azerbaijan province during September 2007-2011. Crude rates, age-specific rates of cancer incidence and annual percent change were calculated. Results: The total newly diagnosed cancer cases (n=6,889)comprised 4,341 males (63.0%) and 2,540 females (36.9%). Gastric cancer was the most common GI tract cancer with an ASR (per $10^5$) of 23.1 for males and 7.69 for females. The ASRs for esophageal and colorectal cancers were 9.69 and 11.2 in males and 7.35 and 8.93 in females. Trend analysis showed a significant decline for esophageal cancer and increasing incidence for colorectal cancer in females. Conclusions: The prevalence of gastric cancer is high in East Azerbaijan province of Iran. This pathology based cancer registry showed an ascending trend for colorectal cancer and decreasing trend for esophageal cancer in females during 2007-2011.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.80 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2017

Background: Fluoroquinolones are considered important substitutes for the treatment of tuberculosis. This study investigates the current status of fluoroquinolone for the treatment of tuberculosis. Methods: In 2009, a retrospective analysis was performed at one tertiary referral center for 953 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis. Results: A total of 226 patients (23.6%), who received fluoroquinolone at any time during treatment for tuberculosis, were enrolled in this study. The most common reasons for fluoroquinolone use were adverse events due to other anti-tuberculosis drugs (52.7%), drug resistance (23.5%), and underlying diseases (16.8%). Moxifloxacin (54.0%, 122/226) was the most commonly administered fluoroquinolone, followed by levofloxacin (36.3%, 82/226) and ofloxacin (9.7%, 22/226). The frequency of total adverse events from fluoroquinolone-containing anti-tuberculosis medication was 22.6%, whereas fluoroquinolone-related adverse events were estimated to be 2.2% (5/226). The most common fluoroquinolone-related adverse events were gastrointestinal problems (3.5%, 8/226). There were no significant differences in the treatment success rate between the fluoroquinolone and fluoroquinolone-$na{\ddot{i}}ve$ groups (78.3% vs. 78.4%, respectively). Conclusion: At our institution, fluoroquinolones are commonly used for the treatment of both multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and susceptible tuberculosis, especially as a substitute for adverse event-related drugs. Considering the low adverse event rates and the comparable treatment success rates, fluoroquinolones seem to be an invaluable drug for the treatment of tuberculosis.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.595-602
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sequential intermittent pneumatic compression in patients with lymphedema who were hospitalized for three days at Samsung Medical Center. Thirty-three subjects with lymphedema was selected by physician referral. A selection of the patients was made according to the following criteria : 1) no known metastases, 2) no infection after the a difference of at least 10% in the volumes of edematous limb. All patients were treated with the Lympha-Press(Model 103-A). Circumferential limb mesurements was done before and after a 3-day treatment period. As a result of sequential intermittent pneumatic compression therapy. All extremity showed a decrease in circumferential measurements with the maximal reduction occurring at the wrist(55.75 %) for the upper extremities and at the lower 1/3 of calf (40.61%) for the lower extremities. Upper extremity arm was reduced by 42.1% and lower extremity leg by 33.61%. In contrast with this, the proximal levels of arm patients and leg showed comparatively poor reduction than distal levels. Almost 44.44% of arm patients and 5.26% of leg patients experienced significant reduction(> 50%) after compression therapy. These data clearly indicates that Sequential Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Therapy was effective treatment for reducing of extremity volume in patients with lymphedema. but this was variable degree and dependent on the amount of pre-existing lymphedema. Other factors such as duration of edema, etiology, previous history of radiology, age did not appear to influence the extend of improvement. Further sutdies will be necessary to determine long term benefit of this therapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.487-490
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• 2012

We report a case of isodicentric chromosome 15 (idic(15) chromosome), the presence of which resulted in uncontrolled seizures, including epileptic spasms, tonic seizures, and global developmental delay. A 10-month-old female infant was referred to our pediatric neurology clinic because of uncontrolled seizures and global developmental delay. She had generalized tonic-clonic seizures since 7 months of age. At referral, she could not control her head and presented with generalized hypotonia. Her brain magnetic resonance imaging scans and metabolic evaluation results were normal. Routine karyotyping indicated the presence of a supernumerary marker chromosome of unknown origin (47, XX +mar). An array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis revealed amplification from 15q11.1 to 15q13.1. Subsequent fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed a idic(15) chromosome. Array-CGH analysis has the advantage in determining the unknown origin of a supernumerary marker chromosome, and could be a useful method for the genetic diagnosis of epilepsy syndromes associated with various chromosomal aberrations.