• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2015

Dissolved nutrients in seawater are recognized as an essential biogeochemical factor for detecting global environmental changes. The importance of nutrient reference material for seawater has been increased greatly for the comparison of nutrient data, measured in different time and space in global ocean by various researchers with different levels in nutrient analysis skill. In this study, we described the homogeneity and stability of nutrient reference material for seawater using natural seawater, collected at a station of Shihwa Lake, at a coastal station near Uljin (surface water), and at a station over the Ulleung Basin (surface water and 1500 m depth water) and sterilized. Based on the homogeneity data, the nutrient reference materials has similar homogeneity compared to other nutrient reference materials. During 3-13 month period, there was no unidirectional trend of increase or decrease in nutrient concentration of newly developed nutrient reference material for seawater. However, a sustained measurement is required to check stability for longer period.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.1148-1154
• /
• 2009

This study focus on the suggestion of application manual using assembling reference plane design & standard finish material basis upon material classification code. We see it will function as a tool of a linkage between building design and construction standarization in order to enlarge the applicability of house building material that is produced by the module plan. For a estabilishing of this condition, it is neccessary to link the standardization's result of material--design--construction field. According to this neccessity, we are going to suggest information factor that can make relative business manager easily approach to the standardization practical task.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.543-556
• /
• 2018

Zero energy building was attended for energy consumption minimization by the energy saving technology about building heating and cooling energy consumption and the renewable energy production facility. So the government has supported the zero energy building supply for decreasing green gas emissions. The study about inventory of zero energy building has many proceeding. That inventory need the information of material and equipment. So information of material and equipment about zero energy building must be included for the zero energy building realization. Actually the database of zero energy building inventory construction through the inventory established studies has difficult because the database need many information. In this study, author proposed the test methods and performance reference for upload at inventory. It was constructed to material - module - package. Also the author analyzed the construction of the technical package for zero energy building. The author separated performance category to the energy performance for energy analysis and other performance for confirmed the durability, stability and etc. This performance category proposed the table. The test methods of material and equipment in the passive package and active package proposed to the international standard and korea standard basically korea standard. Also the performance reference was proposed to korea legal standard and various standard by this study results. And the authors proposed the table of performance value, test methods, performance reference. By result of this study, the test methods and performance reference will be used the basic data for inventory of zero energy building.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.6-10
• /
• 2002

A Switched Reluctance Generator attracts much attention because of high efficiency, simple controllability, with traction drive. But the theories that have been adopted as SRG control methods up to the present are complicated. This paper proposes reference current limitation strategy for stable generation of SRM. The proposed method is verified by simulation and experiments.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.273-283
• /
• 2012

Phthalate plasticizers are regulated by RoHS, REACH and CPSC as hazardous substances. Responding to these international environmental restrictions, we developed ABS certified reference material (CRM) for determination of phthalate plasticizers such as DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, DEHP and DnOP. The candidate material has been made with ABS resin widely used in electric and electronic products and 6 kinds of phthalate plasticizers. The making of the material involved a series of processes like extruding, cooling, pelletizing, and drying using twin screw extruder. Then it has been certified according to ISO Guide 35. Using isotope dilution-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (ID-GC/MS), homogeneity, short-term stability, and long-term stability were evaluated. The certified values were determined by using primary reference material (PRM) of KRISS for traceability. From now on, we will provide ABS CRM to national and international companies and research institutes after certification as certified reference material and registering on COMAR (code of reference material).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.148-149
• /
• 2008

As infrared light is radiated, the CMOS Readout IC (ROIC) for the microbolometer type infrared sensor detects voltage or current when the resistance value in the bolometer sensor varies. One of the serious problems in designing the ROIC is that resistances in the bolometer and reference resistor have process variation. This means that each pixel does not have the same resistance, causing serious fixed pattern noise problems in sensor operations. In this paper, Reference resistor compensation technique was proposed. This technique is to compensate the reference resistance considering the process variation, and it has the same reference resistance value as a bolometer cell resistance by using a comparator and a cross coupled latch.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.05b
• /
• pp.46-49
• /
• 2005

This paper presents the electrical characteristics of metal oxide varistors for lightning surge arresters. ZnO varistors were fabricated with typical ceramic production methods and two types of varistors were also prepared to be compared. The nominal discharge current and line discharge class of those varistors are $10kA(8/20{\mu}s)$ and class 3, respectively. The diameter of varistors manufactured and prepared were in the range of 61.6~65.0mm and the thickness of those were in the range of 27~42.52mm. The reference and residual voltage were tested and reference and residual voltage per 1mm and the ratio of reference and residual voltage were calculated. The reference voltage per 1mm of varistors manufactured was about 175V/mm but that of A's and B's varistors was nearly 200V/mm. The residual voltage exhibited the same trends as the reference voltage, so the reference and residual voltage per 1mm of domestic varistors should be increased. According to the results of tests, it is thought that if the reference and residual voltage per 1mm were increased to 200V/mm and 330V/mm, domestic ZnO varistors would be possible to apply to the station class arresters in the near future.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.23-38
• /
• 1999

This study addresses the reference spent fuel and its characteristics for developing a geological repository concept. As a disposal capacity of the reference repository system to be developed, spent fuel inventories were projected based on the basis of the Nuclear Energy Plan of the Long-term National Power Program. The reference spent fuel encompassing a variability in characteristics of all existing and future spent fuels of interest was defined. Key parameters in the reference fuel screening processes were the nuclear and mechanical design parameters and the burnup histories for existing spent fuels as of 1996 and for future spent fuels with the more extended burnup the initial enrichment and its expected turnup. The selected reference fuel was characterized in terms of initial enrichment, bumup, dimension, gross weight and age. Also the isotopic composition and the radiological properties are quantitatively identified. This information provided in this study could be used as input for repository system development and performance assessment and applied in fuel material balance evaluation for the various types of back-end fuel cycle studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.54-61
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop standard reference materials for safety control of construction materials considering the required performance of standard materials including flow performance incorporating particles. The flow characteristics of concrete are very complicated depending on mixing proportions of constituent materials, admixtures, amount of mixing, type of mixer, time of mixing, temperature and so forth. Uncertainties and multidimensional properties of concrete have been evaluated through various studies but there are few researches for the development of standard reference material. In this study, based on the rheological concept, the flow performance of construction materials was evaluated to understand the properties of standard reference materials and was finally obtained representing materials which simulate the standard reference materials.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.821-827
• /
• 2014

An isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and applied to the determination of arsenobetaine (AsB, ${(CH_3)_3}^+AsCH_2COO^-$) from oyster candidate certified reference material (CRM). The exact matching isotope dilution approach was adopted for accurate determination of AsB using $^{13}C_2$-labeled AsB as an internal standard. Efficiencies of different AsB extraction methods were evaluated using a codfish reference material and a simple sonication method was selected as the method of choice for the certification of the oyster candidate CRM. The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS) in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode was optimized for adequate chromatographic retention and robust quantification of AsB from codfish and oyster samples. By analyzing 12 subsamples taken from each 12 bottles systematically selected from the whole oyster CRM batch, the certified value of AsB was determined as $6.60mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\pm}0.31mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ and it showed excellent between-bottle homogeneity of less than 0.42%, which is represented by relative standard deviation of 12 bottles from the CRM batch. The major source of uncertainty was the certified value of the AsB standard solution.