• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.61-87
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• 1992

인위적(人爲的)인 배기(排氣)가스의 배출(排出)이 급증함(急增)함에 따라 나타날 것으로 예상되는 지구온난화(地球溫暖化)를 방지하기 위해서는 에너지 소비절약과 화석연료의 대체를 통해서 $CO_2$ 배출량을 축소시키는 노력이 필요하다. 그런데 배기(排氣)가스의 배출(排出)을 억제하는 데에는 많은 비용(費用)이 들 것이므로 배출억제수단(排出抑制手段)으로는 비용효율적(費用效率的)인 경제적 수단이 동원될 가능성이 높다. 본고(本稿)는 온난화(溫暖化) 방지수단(防止手段)으로 경제적 수단이 동원될 경우를 상정하여 기후변화 방지의 비용-수익분석을 통하여 최적 배출억제규모를 시산하고 있다. $CO_2$ 농축도가 현재 수준보다 배증(倍增)하는 경우 평균기온이 약 $3^{\circ}C$ 상승한다고 가정하고, $3^{\circ}C$ 상승이 유발하는 경제적 피해가 GNP의 0.25%, 1%, 2%에 이르는 세가지 시나리오를 상정하여 $CO_2$ 배출량 감축의 수익을 시산하였다. 단순성장(單純成長)-기후변화(氣候變化) 모형(模型)에 기초하여 시산(試算)한 결과(結果)에 의하면 우리나라의 경우 1990년을 기준으로 할 때 최적 $CO_2$ 배출량 감축규모는 피라미터값에 따라 현재수준의 2~15% 정도에 이르는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 배출감축시점을 지연시키는 경우 감축규모(減縮規模)는 현재시점을 기준으로 했을 때보다 커질 수도 있고 작아질 수도 있으나, 향후 기후관련 기술진보나 화석연료 사용의 효율성이 높아지는 경우 최적 감축규모는 감축시점(減縮時點)이 연기됨에 따라 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 본고(本稿)에서는 또한 최적배출규모가 주어졌을 때 실제로 배출규모를 감축하는 방법으로 동원될 수 있는 탄소세(炭素稅)와 배출권(排出權) 거래제(去來制)의 경제적 특징과 장 단점도 논의하고 있다. 이 두가지 수단은 최적조건이 동일한 성질을 갖고 있으므로 비용효율면에서는 동일한 효과를 갖고 있으나 실제운용에 있어서는 서로 다른 장 단점을 지니고 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제15권E호
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• pp.29-38
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• 1999

This study identified emission sources and emissions of air pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), solvents, and acid gases produced from chemical plants. We collected air samples from various processes, reactors and facilities using VOC detectors and workers' experience. We identified chemical structures and emission concentrations of air pollutants. We analyzed total emissions of air pollutants emitted from the chemical plants. Also, we developed some emission reduction technologies based on chemical types and emission situations of the identified air pollutants. For reduction of air emissions of acid gases, we employed a method improving solubility of pollutants by reducing scrubber operation temperature, increasing surface area for effective contact of gas and liquid, and modifying or changing chemicals used in the acid scrubbers. In order to reduce air emissions of both amines and acid gases, which have had different emission sources each other but treated by one scrubber, we first could separate gas components. And then different control techniques based on components of pollutants were applied to the emission sources. That is, we first applied condensation and then acid scrubbing method using H2SO4 solution for amine treatment. However, we only used an acid scrubbing method using H2O and NaOH solution for acid gas treatment. In order to reduce air emissions of solvents such as dimethylformamide and toluene, we applied condensation and activated carbon adsorption. In order to reduce air emissions of mixture gases containing acid gases and slovents, which could not be separated in the processes, we employed a combination of various air pollution control devices. That is, the mixture gases were passed into the first condenser, the acid scrubber, the second condenser, and the activated carbon adsorption tower in sequence. In addition, for improvement of condensation efficiency of VOCs, we changed the type of the condensers attached in the reactors as a control device modification. Finally, we could successfully reduce air emissions of pollutants produced from various chenmical processes or facilities by use of proper control methods according to the types and specific emission situations of pollutants.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2015

PURPOSES: Recently, many local governments have applied chicanes for traffic calming to ensure environment-friendly comfortable and safe roads. However, the geometry of a chicane is designed for speed reduction using a curved portion. This study aims to improve the road geometry conditions of chicanes for reducing carbon emissions and maintaining appropriate driving speeds by considering the relationship between road geometry and carbon emissions. METHODS: This study was conducted as follows. First, carbon emissions corresponding to changing acceleration of vehicles were studied. Second, vehicle acceleration caused by the relationship between the curve radius and the straight length was studied. Accordingly, desirable conditions of curve radius and length of the straight section for reducing carbon emissions were proposed. RESULTS: The existing literature on chicanes present the minimum value of stagger length and path angle in the primary variable condition. This study suggests the maximum values of the curve radius and length of straight section in the primary variable condition. Therefore, if a vehicle's speed at a chicane is 30 km/h, this study suggests a curve radius of up to 24 m. In addition, if the vehicle's speed is 24 km/h, this study suggests a length of straight section of up to 6.6 m. These are the geometric conditions for considering the control of acceleration to the vehicle's maximum speed. CONCLUSIONS: This paper proposes an application of geometric conditions to reduce carbon emissions and maintain appropriate speeds of vehicles through a combination of curve radius and length of straight section.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 강원대학교를 대상으로 대학단위 온실가스 인벤토리를 구축하였다. 2009년 강원대학교의 온실가스 배출량은 $21,054ton\;CO_2-eq$으로 나타났으며, 2005년 대비 7% 증가하였다. 간접 온실가스 배출(Scope 2)의 구매전력은 총 온실가스 배출량의 54.3%를 차지함으로써 가장 높은 기여도를 나타냈으며, 직접 온실가스 배출(Scope 1)과 기타 간접 온실가스 배출(Scope 3)은 각각 25.3%와 20.4%를 차지하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 초기비용이 크게 요구되지 않는 감축방안 - 고효율 LED 조명으로의 교체, 하이브리드 차량 도입, 셔틀버스 운행의 활성화, 녹색 캠퍼스 실천 프로그램의 적용 - 을 선정하여, 각 방안에 따른 감축량을 추정하였다. 녹색 캠퍼스 실천프로그램을 통한 대학 구성원의 노력만으로 전체 온실가스 배출량의 5.3%를 감축할 수 있을 것으로 나타났고, 모든 감축방안을 실행하였을 때는 약 $1,570ton\;CO_2-eq\;yr^{-1}$을 감축함으로써 전체 배출량의 7.5%를 감축할 수 있다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2007

Fuel reforming technology for the fuel cell vehicles could be applied to internal combustion engine for the reduction of engine out emissions. Since syngas which is reformed from fossil fuel has hydrogen as a major component, it has abilities to enhance the combustion characteristics with wide flammability and high speed flame propagation. In this study, syngas was added to a gasoline engine to improve combustion stability and exhaust emissions of idle state. Syngas fraction is varied to 0%, 50%, 100% with various ignition timing and excess air ratio. Combustion stability, exhaust emissions, fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature were measured to investigate the effects of syngas addition on idle performance. Results showed that syngas has ability to widely extend lean operation limit and ignition retard range with dramatical reduction of engine out emissions.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 2018

Emissions of diesel vehicles have been regulated by NEDC mode for a long time. However, the NEDC mode has been known the control of emission reduction is not reflected properly on actual road conditions. For these reasons, diesel vehicle emissions are regulated in both NEDC mode and WLTC mode from 2017 to 2020, from 2020 onwards, the emissions of diesel vehicles will measure in WLTC mode only and will not be able to exceed 1.5 times the regulated value. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development trend of diesel vehicle after-treatment system in order to comply with the future regulations on diesel vehicle. As a result, it is essential to reduce the NOx emissions of diesel vehicles for Euro 6, the NOx emissions of the test vehicle equipped with SCR were 30% to 50% loss than the test vehicle equipped with LNT despite the higher curb weight and engine displacement.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2008

Since regulations of exhaust emissions are continuously reinforced, studies to reduce harmful emissions during the cold start period of SI engines have been carried out very extensively worldwide. During the cold start period, raising the temperature of cold exhaust gas is a key strategy to minimize the light-off time of three way catalysts. In this study, a synthetic gas containing a large amount of hydrogen was injected into the exhaust manifold to raise the exhaust gas temperature and to reduce harmful emissions. The authors tried to evaluate changes in exhaust gas temperature and harmful emissions through controlling the engine operating parameters such as ignition timings and lambda values. Also the authors investigated both combustion stability and reduction of harmful emissions. Experimental results showed that combustion of the synthetic gas in the exhaust manifold is a very effective way for solving the problems of harmful emissions and light-off time. The results also showed that the strategy of retarded ignition timings and increased air/fuel ratios with ESGI is effective in raising exhaust gas temperature and reducing harmful emissions. Futhermore, the results showed that engine operating parameters ought to be controlled to lambda = 1.2 and ignition timing = $0{\sim}3^{\circ}$ conditions to reduce harmful emissions effectively under stable combustion conditions.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2004

This paper presents the effect of methanol blended fuel on the engine performance and the reduction of exhaust emissions. In this wort, the combustion effects of methanol blended fuel in the engine was investigated for the conditions of three kinds of mixing ratios. Based on the experimental results, the output characteristics of the engine show the improvement of output performance due to the blended fuel of methanol. Also, the unburned hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions are decreased in accordance with the increase of methanol blended ratio.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Local governments play a critical role in achieving carbon neutrality and reducing national carbon emissions. To manage carbon emissions effectively, it is essential for local governments to analyze regional carbon emissions. In this study, we developed a model for estimating carbon emissions based on land use and analyzed regional characteristics of carbon emissions to suggest policies for achieving carbon neutrality at the regional level. Our model for calculating carbon emissions is based on an analysis of the activities that contribute to carbon emissions for each land use, and we established the spatial scope of carbon emission calculation. We applied this model to the cities and counties in Gyeongsangnam province, calculating carbon emissions from settlement and agricultural production activities and comparing regional characteristics of carbon emissions. Our analysis showed that areas with larger populations generally produced higher emissions in all categories, but we observed different results in terms of unit emissions, emissions divided by area, population, and household. Based on these findings, we propose policies such as increasing the generation of new and renewable energy using public institutions, promoting the conversion to cleaner cooking and heating energy sources, and encouraging the adoption of eco-friendly automobiles on roads. We believe that our analysis of the spatial and regional characteristics of carbon emissions can help local governments establish effective policies for reducing carbon emissions in their regions.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2014

최근 클라우드 컴퓨팅 기술은 전 세계적으로 중요한 이슈로 부각되고 있으며, 이산화탄소 배출을 경감하는 것으로도 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 그러나 클라우드 컴퓨팅의 탄소배출은 긍정적인 측면과는 달리, 여러 취약점들로 인해, 경감정도에 차이를 갖고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 클라우드 컴퓨팅의 이산화탄소 배출과 관련한 보안 시스템의 배출량 측정 실험과 클라우드 이산화탄소 배출 관련 사례연구를 통해 배출 요인을 분석함으로써, 향후, 클라우드 컴퓨팅의 보안 설계와 성능 향상을 위한 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다.