• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.218-227
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• 2002

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID) is a spectrum of inflammatory disorders of the female genital tract involving at least the endrometrium and may include the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvic cavity. Women with PID acutely experience pain and are at risk for sepsis; however, the long-term complications such as chronic pelvic pain, organic changes like chronic salpingitis, adhesions, etc., and the significant increases in ectopic pregnancy and infertility are more important and hard to control. This study is about one patient who has chronic PID with inflammatory pelvic mass. The patient was treated with retention enema therapy which use herbs effective for reducing inflammation, resolution abdominal mass, promoting blood circulation. Also, treated with herbal medication of Danchisoyosan(丹梔逍遙散) and Moxibution at Zhongwan(中脘), Guanyuan(關元). After total treatment for three months, the patient's symptoms are improved and the size of inflammatory pelvic mass is reduced. This results indicates that the combination treatment, especially the retention enema therapy is effective on reducing symptoms of PID and the size of secondary inflammatory organic changes.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1205-1211
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• 2020

In this study, the applicability of reduction-oxidation-linked treatment was evaluated for nitrobenzene and a by-product by analyzing the reaction kinetics. Nitrobenzene showed very low reactivity to persulfate that was activated using various methods. Nitrobenzene effectively reacted through the reduction process using Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI). However, aniline, a toxic substance, was produced as a by-product. Reduction-oxidation-linked treatment is a method that can allow the oxidative degradation of aniline after reducing nitrobenzene to aniline. The experimental results show improved reactivity and complete decomposition of the by-product. Improved reactivity and decomposition of the by-product were observed even under conditions in which the reduction-oxidation reaction was induced simultaneously. No activator was injected for persulfate activation in the process of reducing oxidant linkage, and the activation reaction was induced by ferrous iron eluted from the ZVI. This indicates that this method can be implemented relatively simply.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.159-164
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate antioxidant activities and reducing serum alcohol concentration of extract of Lentinus edodes on the alcohol administered rats. Methods : Antioxidant effect was measured by total phenolic compound and DPPH-radical scavenging activity of extract of Lentinus edodes in vitro. Blood alcohol concentration, aldehyde concentration, malondialdehyde concentration, glutathion concentration were measured in vivo. Results : The extract of Lentinus edodes increased DPPH-radical scavenging activity dose-dependently. The water extract with boiling water showed lower antioxidant activity and phenolic content than 70% ethanol extract in vitro. Blood alcohol concentration was significantly reduced by pre-treatment of ethanol extract of Lentinus edodes. The effect was more significant than commercial product used as a positive control. Conclusions : This study suggest that Lentinus edodes can be a potential nature resource for the management of ethanol toxicity although the mechanism of action involved in the treatment remains to be explored.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2024

Wastewater management is increasingly emphasizing economic and environmental sustainability. Traditional methods in sewage treatment plants have significant implications for the environment and the economy due to power and chemical consumption, and sludge generation. To address these challenges, a study was conducted to develop the Intermittent Cycle Extended Aeration System (ICEAS). This approach was implemented as the primary technique in a full-scale wastewater treatment facility, utilizing key operational factors within the standard Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) process. The optimal operational approach, identified in this study, was put into practice at the research facility from January 2020 to December 2022. By implementing management strategies within the biological reactor, it was shown that maintaining and reducing chemical quantities, sludge generation, power consumption, and related costs could yield economic benefits. Moreover, adapting operations to influent characteristics and seasonal conditions allowed for efficient blower operation, reducing unnecessary electricity consumption and ensuring proper dissolved oxygen levels. Despite annual increases in influent flow rate and concentration, this study demonstrated the ability to maintain and reduce sludge production, electricity consumption, and chemical usage. Additionally, systematic responses to emergencies and abnormal situations significantly contributed to economic, technical, and environmental benefits.

• Journal of the FoodService Safety
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2024

This study investigated the effect of sodium hypochlorite and ethanol on reducing Staphylococcus aureus on gloves depending on material and food contaminant. S. aureus inoculated onto rubber gloves with various organic substances (pork extract, perilla leaf extract, and 0.2% peptone water) and inoculated rubber gloves were stored in a desiccator at 100% RH and 25℃ for 24 h before treatments with distilled water, ethanol, or sodium hypochlorite. Levels of S. aureus were significantly reduced on both types of rubber gloves when treated with ethanol and sodium hypochlorite. However, sodium hypochlorite treatment resulted in 3.27 log CFU/each of S. aureus in pork extract on nitrile gloves, indicating that the effectiveness of disinfection may vary depending on the glove material and the type of organic substance. The results of this study suggest that ethanol treatment is the most effective disinfection method for S. aureus on rubber gloves, regardless of the material and organic substances.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1986

To evaluate the possible utilization of ginseng by-products, chemical components of ginseng residue, reducing ability of DPPH, effect of residue extract on the yeast growth, amino acid contents of yeast cell, increase of residue extract yield by enzyme treatment were studied. Alcohol and water extract residue contained 43-46% total reducing sugar and 14-15% crude protein, while alcohol extract residue had 0.18% n-BuOH extract. Water extract of alcohol extract residue had about 45% reducing ability of DPPH in comparison with that of alcohol extract from ginseng roots. Essential nutrients for the yeast growth were found in extract when Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultured in Czapeck medium, a compound medium, with the residue. The addition of residue extract to malt medium, a natural medium, enhanced 30-40% yeast growth. And content of each amino acid in yeast cell cultured on malt medium with ginseng residue extract was much more than that of the cell cultured without ginseng extract, but amino acid composition of yeast cell did not differ from one another. The treatment of alcohol extract residue with cellulase increased 250% yield of residue extract.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 1991

The contents of reducing sugar, sucrose, starch and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F-Z,$6-P_2$) in relation to the activities of amylase, invertase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) were investigated from the leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Samjin) seedlings grown at $4^{\circ}C$ for 3 days_ In the seedlings, the contents of reducing sugar and sucrose were increased, but soluble and insoluble starch were declined. Under this condition, amylase activity was increased. but acid invertase activity was declined and alkaline invertase activity was not changed. Cytosolic and stromal FBPase activities were increased. But F-2,$6-P_2$ content was declined. It seemed that the increase of reducing sugar content might be due to the increased activity of amylase and the increase of sucrose content might be related to the increased activity of cytosolic FBPase, reduced content of F-Z,$6-P_2$ and reduced rate of hydrolysis of sucrose during the cold treatment. These results suggested that the changes in carbohydrate rnetabolim of rice seedlings under low temperature reflect one of the protection mechanism to the low temperature during the cold treatment.atment.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 2017

Background: Health care services effort to provide alternative cardiac rehabilitation (CR) models to serve patients according to their preferences and needs. So, the present study aimed to assess and compare the effects of hospital-based and hybrid CR programs on chest pain intensity and discomfort in cardiac surgery patients. Methods: In this prospective study, 110 cardiac surgery patients were invited to the CR department of a hospital in the western part of Iran between March and July 2016. Patients were divided into two groups: hospital-based and hybrid CR. The hospital-based program included 26 sessions, and the hybrid program included 10 training sessions and exercise. The Brief Pain Inventory and Pain Discomfort Scale were used as research instrument, and data were analyzed using the paired t-test and ANCOVA. Results: The results indicated that both hospital-based and hybrid CR are effective in reducing the chest pain intensity and discomfort of cardiac surgery patients (P < 0.05). In addition, the comparison of scores before and after treatment using ANCOVA shows that no significant differences were observed between the two programs (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Traditional hospital-based CR delivery is still the first choice for treatment in developing countries. However, hybrid CR is as effective as a hospital-based program in reducing pain components and it includes only 38% of the total cost in comparison to hospital-based delivery. So, we recommend using hybrid CR according with the recommendations of American Heart Association about using CR for the management of angina symptoms.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2008

To develop a functional juice using garlic (Allium sativum L.), heated garlic juice was investigated using a central composite design set with variables of treatment temperature (110, 115, 120, 125, and $130^{\circ}C$) and time (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hr) using high temperature and pressure treatment apparatuses. Total soluble solid, total acidity, reducing sugar, total pholyphenol contents, electron donating activity (EDA), and ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC) in heated garlic juice were increased with increasing heating temperature and time. The highest total soluble solid content was $17.81\;^{\circ}brix$ at $123.10^{\circ}C$ for 1.10 hr. The highest total acidity was 1.43% at $127.35^{\circ}C$ for 4.35 hr. The highest reducing sugar content was 86.67 mg/mL at $119.90^{\circ}C$ for 4.35 hr. The highest total polyphenol content was 8.42 mg/mL at $127.75^{\circ}C$ for 4.26 hr. The highest EDA and AEAC were 60.09%, and 7.40 mg AA eq/mL at $127.85^{\circ}C$ for 4.23 hr, and $128.10^{\circ}C$ for 4.18 hr, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.641-649
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• 2010

To make sure of the usefulness of extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel for producing functional feeding honey, we compared some antioxidative indicators of feeding honey using extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel with acacia honey, SueBee Clover honey(USA), feeding honey on the market. The water content of four honeys were 16.6~26.5%, pH were 3.18~3.70, and titratable acidity ranged 0.018~0.022%. The phenolic compound contents of SueBee Clover honey and feeding honey using extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel were 8.3 mg/100 g and 7.3 mg/100 g, respectively, and were significaltly higher thgheacacia honey and feeding honey on the market. The flavonoid contents per 100 g of honey ranged from 2.3 mg(acacia honey) to 15.0 mg(SueBee Clover honey). DPPH anion scavenging activity of four honeys were not high. 0.5~2.0 g/ml of feeding honey using extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel was 16~36% and showed a concentration-reliant figure. At the concentration of 0.25~0.75 mg/ml, the reducing power of four honeys increased concentration-dependently, and the power of 0.25 mg/ml of feeding honey using extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel was corresponding to thgt of $150{\mu}g$/ml of a vitamin C solution. ABTS radical scavenging activity of feeding honey using extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel was 43.3~68.4%; the highest activity amongst all samples. When plotting the dose-response curve, ABTS radical scavenging activity also increased as their concentration increased from 62.5 mg/ml to 500 mg/ml. The heat treatment reduced the phenolic compound contents of acacia honey and feeding honey using extract of Rubus coreanus DPPH anion scavenging activity of feeding honey on the market and feeding honey using extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel did not changed significaltly after heating for 20 min, and the three honey except SueBee Clover honey maintained the reducing power with the same treatment.