• 한국음향학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2003

화자독립 음성인식기에서 화자사이의 성도 길이의 영향을 최소화시켜 인식 성능을 개선하는 화자 정규화에 대한 많은 연구가 있어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 벡터양자화기를 이용하여 화자 검증이 가능하다는 사실에 착안하여 벡터 양자화기를 이용한 비교적 간단한 선형 워핑 화자정규화방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법에서는 먼저 정규화에 이용될 최적의 코드북을 생성한 다음, 이 코드 북을 이용하여 화자의 선형 워핑계수를 추출하고 추출된 워핑계수는 멜 켑스트럼 추출시에 사용되는 멜스케일 필터뱅크를 워핑하기 위해 이용된다. 본고에서 제안한 워핑계수 추출 및 적용 방법의 성능을 확인하기 위해 이산 HMM을 이용한 13가지의 단음절 한글 숫자음 인식기를 이용하여 인식실험을 수행하였으며, 실험 결과 약 29%의 오인식률 감소를 보여 제안하는 화자 정규화방법이 다른 라인서치 워핑계수추출 방법보다 간단한 동시에 효용가치가 있음을 확인하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.267-277
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• 2017

Base-isolation is now being adopted as a retrofitting strategy to improve seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete (r.c.) framed structures subjected to far-fault earthquakes. However, the increase in deformability of a base-isolated framed building may lead to amplification in the structural response under the long-duration horizontal pulses of high-magnitude near-fault earthquakes, which can become critical once the strength level of a fire-weakened r.c. superstructure is reduced. The aim of the present work is to investigate the nonlinear seismic response of fire-damaged r.c. framed structures retrofitted by base-isolation. For this purpose, a five-storey r.c. framed building primarily designed (as fixed-base) in compliance with a former Italian seismic code for a medium-risk zone, is to be retrofitted by the insertion of elastomeric bearings to meet the requirements of the current Italian code in a high-risk seismic zone. The nonlinear seismic response of the original (fixed-base) and retrofitted (base-isolated) test structures in a no fire situation are compared with those in the event of fire in the superstructure, where parametric temperature-time curves are defined at the first level, the first two and the upper levels. A lumped plasticity model describes the inelastic behaviour of the fire-damaged r.c. frame members, while a nonlinear force-displacement law is adopted for the elastomeric bearings. The average root-mean-square deviation of the observed spectrum from the target design spectrum together with a suitable intensity measure are chosen to select and scale near- and far-fault earthquakes on the basis of the design hypotheses adopted.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2016

Intrafractional motion of patients, such as respiratory motion during radiation treatment, is an important issue in image-guided radiotherapy. The accuracy of the radiation treatment decreases as the motion range increases. We developed a control system for a robotic patient immobilization system that enables to reduce the range of tumor motion by compensating the tumor motion. Fusion technology, combining robotics and mechatronics, was developed and applied in this study. First, a small-sized prototype was established for use with an industrial miniature robot. The patient immobilization system consisted of an optical tracking system, a robotic couch, a robot controller, and a control program for managing the system components. A multi speed and position control mechanism with three degrees of freedom was designed. The parameters for operating the control system, such as the coordinate transformation parameters and calibration parameters, were measured and evaluated for a prototype device. After developing the control system using the prototype device, a feasibility test on a full-scale patient immobilization system was performed, using a large industrial robot and couch. The performances of both the prototype device and the realistic device were evaluated using a respiratory motion phantom, for several patterns of respiratory motion. For all patterns of motion, the root mean squared error of the corresponding detected motion trajectories were reduced by more than 40%. The proposed system improves the accuracy of the radiation dose delivered to the target and reduces the unwanted irradiation of normal tissue.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2017

The adsorptive removal properties of synthetic A4 zeolite were investigated against a total of 16 offensive odors consisting of reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs), nitrogenous compounds (NCs), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and phenols/indoles (PnI). Removal of these odors was measured using a laboratory-scale impinger-based adsorption setup containing 25 g of the zeolite bed (flow rate of $100mL\;min^{-1}$). The high est and lowest breakthrough (%) values were shown for PnIs and RSCs, respectively, and the maximum and minimum adsorption capacity (${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) of the zeolite was observed for the RSCs (range of 0.77-3.4) and PnIs (0.06-0.104), respectively. As a result of sorptive removal by zeolite, a reduction in odor strength, measured as odor intensity (OI), was recorded from the minimum of approximately 0.7 OI units (indole [from 2.4 to 1.6]), skatole [2.2 to 1.4], and p-cresol [5.1 to 4.4]) to the maximum of approximately 4 OI units (methanethiol [11.4 to 7.5], n-valeric acid [10.4 to 6.5], i-butyric acid [7.9 to 4.4], and propionic acid [7.2 to 3.7]). Likewise, when removal was examined in terms of odor activity value (OAV), the extent of reduction was significant (i.e., 1000-fold) in the increasing order of amy acetate, i-butyric acid, phenol, propionic acid, and ammonia.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2017

Purpose - Universities are fostering the development of closer relationships with students due to the increase in competition among universities. Universities are placing greater emphasis on relationship quality as a source of competitive advantage. Thus relationship marketing has become an important strategic theme in higher education. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of faculty trustworthiness on relationship building process in the context of relationship marketing. For this study, faculty trustworthiness is divided into competence, benevolence, and integrity. And relationship development variables are composed of satisfaction, commitment, positive WOM, and negative WOM. Research design, data, and methodology - To empirically evaluate the proposed research model, this study was carried out using the survey with undergraduate students who were taking business courses. The 270 questionnaires were asked, and a total of 245 respondents provided complete and usable data. The sample consisted of 143 males(58.4%) and 102 females(41.6%). The variables of proposed model were measured on a 5-point Likert scale. The structural equation modeling analysis was used for the hypothesis test. Results - The overall fit of the model was acceptable(χ²=579.7(df=264, P=0.00), GFI=0.935, NFI=0.949, CFI=0.956, RMR=0.040). The results supported 6 hypotheses except for

and

. First, competence and benevolence were positively related to satisfaction, while integrity was not significant. A key result of the analysis was that benevolence has the strongest effect on satisfaction. Second, satisfaction had a positive impact on commitment and positive WOM but didn't significantly affect negative WOM. Third, commitment significantly enhanced positive WOM and reduced negative WOM. Conclusions - This study emphasizes the role of faculty trustworthiness based on a long-term relationship. And the findings suggest that the dimensions of faculty trustworthiness have differing effects on satisfaction. In particular, benevolence is found to be the most important factor. This study provides university managers with the following managerial implications. In order to increase the satisfaction of the students, university managers should focus on the faculty's competence and benevolence. Also, it is important that university managers take a relationship approach to maximize WOM effect.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2012

1) 선진 핵연료주기시설 관련 규제기술과 관련하여 인허가 안전심사의 경험이 없으며, 선진 핵연료주기시설 인허가를 위한 규제체계 및 안전성 평가방법 등의 개발이 필요한 단계이며 관련기기와 제반 공정에서 재료의 내식성을 평가하는 기준마련이 시급하다. 2) 선진 핵주기시설 관련 국내 기술수준을 분석하였고 그 핵심 공정인 전해환원, 전해정련, 전해제련공정의 실험변수를 조사하고 평가 필요항목을 정리하였다. 3) 전해환원과 전해정련공정의 경우 Hot-cell 내에 수분 및 산소가 일정 수준 이하로 유지되는 경우, 재료의 부식은 고려하지 않아도 되나 우라늄 잉곳 제조 공정에서 수냉 코일을 사용하게 되는 경우 물에 의한 부식을 고려해야 한다. 4) 전해 제련공정의 경우 LCC, RAR, Cd 증류공정에서 플랜지의 O-ring을 보호하기 위해 수냉 코일을 사용하게 되는 경우 물에 의한 부식을 고려해야 한다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 구조가 간단하고 경제적이며, 보수유지 면에서 능동형 진동제어 장치로서 매우 유리한 장점을 가지고 있는 선형모터 댐퍼(LMD : linear motor damper)를 개발하여 유니슨 기술연구소에 설치된 대형 철골구조물에 적용하였다. 개발된 LMD는 1,500kg의 가동질량을 갖고 있으며, 최대 $\pm$250mm의 변위로 움직일 수 있다. 제어 대상 시험구조물의 최저차 2개 진동형만을 가지는 축소모델을 사용하여 H$_{\infty}$ 제어로직을 설계하였다. 일련의 성능 검증시험을 통해 시험 구조물의 1, 2차 진동형에 대해 가속도 레벨이 약 l0dB 감소함을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 LMD가 풍 및 지진하중을 받는 구조물의 진동제어용 제진장치로서 가능성이 있음을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.330-343
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• 2016

This paper presents results of an experimental investigation of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a flexibly mounted and rigid cylinder with two-degrees-of-freedom with respect to varying ratio of in-line natural frequency to cross-flow natural frequency, $f^*$, at a fixed low mass ratio. Combined in-line and cross-flow motion was observed in a sub-critical Reynolds number range. Three-dimensional displacement meter and tension meter were used to measure dynamic responses of the model. To validate the results and the experiment system, x and y response amplitudes and ratio of oscillation frequency to cross-flow natural frequency were compared with other experimental results. It has been found that the higher harmonics, such as third and more vibration components, can occur on a certain part of steel catenary riser under a condition of dual resonance mode. In the present work, however, due to the limitation of a size of circulating water channel, the whole test of a whole configuration of the riser at an adequate scale for VIV phenomenon was not able to be conducted. Instead, we have modeled a rigid cylinder and assumed that the cylinder is a part of steel catenary riser where the higher harmonic motions could occur. Through the experiment, we have found that even though the cylinder was assumed to be rigid, the occurrence of the higher harmonic motions was observed in a small reduced velocity ($V_r$) range, where the influence of the in-line response is relatively large. The transition of the vortex shedding mode from one to another was examined by using time history of x and y directional displacement over all experimental cases. We also observed the influence of in-line restoring force power spectral density with $f^*$.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.2126-2134
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• 2020

Background: Therapeutic climbing training, which originated in Germany, is a wall-hanging rock climbing-based therapy to increase the body's coordination through movement of the upper and lower limbs against gravity. However, there are no studies examining the effectiveness of therapeutic climbing training to treat balance and gait ability in patients with chronic stroke. Objectives: To investigate therapeutic climbing training program on balance and gait in patients with chronic stroke. Design: Pretest-posttest control group design. Methods: Fourteen patients with chronic hemiplegic stroke participated. Participants were randomized into the therapeutic climbing training group (TCTG, n=7) and the standard rehabilitation program group (SRPG, n=7) group. All subjects participated in the same standard rehabilitation program consisting of 60 minutes 5 times a week for 6 weeks. TCTG participated additionally in the therapeutic climbing program consisting of 30 minutes sessions 3 times a week for the same 6 weeks. Berg balance scale (BBS), Gaitview Measure, Timed up and go test (TUG) were measured. Results: In the TCTG, revealed a statistical difference in BBS between the groups; in the difference of plantar pressure ratio in the static standing position revealed a statistical difference between the groups after training; the balance ability in the one-leg standing tests increased significantly; the time in TUG decreased significantly after training in both groups; The changes in the difference of dynamic plantar pressure ratio were reduced significantly in the TCTG. Conclusion: Therapeutic climbing training contribute to improve balance and walking function in patients with chronic stroke.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of pregabalin for patients with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) who are unresponsive to topical clonazepam therapy. Methods: By searching the clinical electronic records from the Department of Oral Medicine, Pusan National University Dental Hospital from 2012 to 2014, a retrospective analysis was performed on patients with primary BMS who were treated with topical clonazepam therapy during this period. Of the patients who were unresponsive to this therapy, 19 patients who were subsequently treated with pregabalin were included in the study. A pain assessment was performed using the 11-point numerical rating scale at first visit, following topical clonazepam therapy, and again after pregabalin therapy. The treatment outcomes were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Following additional pregabalin administration, the mean pain score was slightly reduced. A total of 7 patients reported a marked response (>50% pain reduction), and 3 patients reported a slight reduction in pain. Pain reduction following pregabalin therapy was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: Pregabalin has a slight therapeutic effect on patients with primary BMS. Therefore, we recommend pregabalin as an alternative drug for BMS patients who are unresponsive to topical clonazepam therapy.