• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 2006

A bacterial disease of small red bean (Phaseolus angularis) was observed on field-grown plants in Suwon in year 2003. Leaf symptoms initially appeared as water-soaked spots that gradually enlarged, became flaccid and necrotic and were often bordered by a small zone of lemon yellow tissue. In the case of severe infection, dead leaves were defoliated. Pod symptoms consisted of the lesions that were generally circular, slightly sunken and dark reddish brown. Isolation made from diseased leaves on yeast extract dextrose calcium carbonate agar yielded nearly pure cultures of a yellow-pigmented bacterium typical of a xanthomonad. Three bacterial strains were purified and used for further tests. Pathogenicity of strains was confirmed on 3-week-old small red bean plants sprayed with bacterial suspensions containing $10^8 cfu/ml$ of phosphate buffered saline. The representative Xanthomonas strains isolated from small red bean were compared with X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli and X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans type strains for fatty acid profiles, biochemical tests and metabolic fingerprints using Biolog GN2 microplate, showing that all outcomes were indistinguishable between our isolates and reference strains. Two of three strains produced a melanin-like brown pigment extracellularly on King's medium B agar. These results suggest that this new small red bean disease observed in Suwon is bacterial fuscous blight caused by X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli and X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.225-225
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• 2016

PHOLED devices which have the structure of ITO/HAT-CN(5nm)/NPB(50nm)/EML(47nm)/TPBi(10nm)/Alq3(20nm)/LiF(0.8nm)/Al(100nm) are fabricated to investigate the diffusion length of the triplet exciton by using double-quantum-well(DQE) EML structure. To fabricate DQW structures, Ir(ppy)3(2% wt) and Ir(btp)2(8% wt) are used as green and red emission zones, respectively. In DQW structured EML, as shown in Fig. 1, 1nm thick layers of green and red emission zones are located middle of the EML, and the distance between these wells(x) is changed from 0nm to 10nm. As shown in Fig. 2, the emission spectra from DQW PHOLED devices are changed with different x. The intensity of the green emission(520nm) is decreased when x is decreased, and it goes to near zero when x=0nm. This behavior can be identified as the diffusion of the triplet excitons from Ir(ppy)3 to Ir(btp)2 by the Dexter energy transfer(DET). From the external quantum efficiency(EQE) of the red emission, as shown in Fig. 3, the diffusion length of the triplet excitons can be determined by the equation of DET rate, R=A Exp(-2RDA/L), where RDA is donor-acceptor distance and L is the sum of the van der Wals radii. As a result, the measured data of the red EQEs with different x are identified to theoretical result from the equation of DET rate(Fig. 4). From this results, we could confirm that the diffusion length of the triplet excitons can be determined by using DQW structure and this method is very useful to investigate the behavior of the excitons in PHOLEDs.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2003

Red ginsengs are inspected manually by examining those in the dark room with back light illumination. Manual inspection is often influenced by physical condition of inspectors. Sometimes. the best grade, heaven. has some inner holes though it was inspected by a specialist. In order to resolve this problem, this study was performed to develop image processing algorithm to detect the inner holes in the x-ray image of ginseng. Because of little gray value difference between background and ginseng in the image. simple thresholding method was not appropriate. Modified watershed algorithm was used to differentiate the inner holes from background and normal ginseng body. Inner hole edge region detected by watershed algorithm consists of many number of blobs including normal portions. With line profile analysis with scanning one line at a time beginning the starting point. it shelved two peaks both ends representing extracting each blobs. in which setting threshold value as of lower peak value enabled us to obtain inner hole image. Once this procedure has to be done till the finishing point it is completing inner hole detection for one blob. Thus. conducting ail blobs by this procedure is completing inner detection of one whole ginseng. Detection results of the inner holes fer various size of red ginsengs were good even though there was small detection variation. 6.2%. according to position of x-rat tube.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1280-1284
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• 2007

A series of Ca1-xSrxS:Eu (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reactions. The Ca1-xSrxS:Eu phosphors have a strong absorption at 455 nm, which corresponds to the emission wavelength of a blue LED. The emission peak of Ca1-xSrxS:Eu is blue shifted from 655 to 618 nm with increasing Sr content. The characteristics of Ca1-xSrxS:Eu phosphors make them suitable for use as wavelengthtunable red-emitting phosphors for three-band white LEDs pumped by a blue LED. In support of this, we fabricated a three-band white LED by coating SrGa2S4:Eu and Ca0.6Sr0.4S:Eu phosphors onto a blue LED chip, and characterized its optical properties.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08b
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• pp.1470-1473
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• 2007

We have demonstrated the optimization of white organic light-emitting diodes with two separated emissive layers using a blue fluorescent and a red phosphorescent dopant. The maximum luminous efficiency of the devices showed 7.93, 9.70, 11.8, and 14.3 cd/A. The $CIE_{xy}$ coordinates also showed (x = 0.33, y = 0.36), (x = 0.33, y = 0.35), (x =0.31, y = 0.35), and (x = 0.29, y = 0.36) at 6V, respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.306-311
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• 1980

Pure red cell aplasia is unusual cause of anemia and a selective aplastic disorder that affects the erythroid series of the bone marrow. Fifty percent of all patients with red cell aplasia will have a thymoma. Twenty-five to 30% of those who undergo thymectomy will be cured. A 57-years-old man was admitted to the medical department of Korea University hospital with complaints. Physical examination reveals a sick looking man with a pale lip, anemic conjunctiva and subicteric sclera. On auscultation, coarse breathing sound and moist rale was heard on the right lung field. Neither the liver nor spleen was palpable. A blood count showed the erythrocytes to number 2,640,000/mm3 and hemoglobin to be 7.0gm/dl. A white blood cell count was 5,000/mm3 and a platelet count was 328,000/mm3 Reticulocyte count was 0.7%. Examination of the peripheral blood smear showed the red cell, to be normocytic and normochromic. Urine sugar was three positive and GTT was positive. The anterior-posterior and lateral view of Chest X-ray was suggestive of an anterior mediastinal mass. A bone marrow biopsy reveals absence of red cell precursors and a normal myeloid series and megakaryocytes. At thoracotomy in May 1980 an encapsulated, lobulated, benign thymoma, which measured 5x7x5 cm was removed, microscopic examination showed it was of the spindle cell type. The postoperative course was uneventful, but the patient never had a return of hemoglobin to the blood. The patient was discharged on the postoperative] 3 days. At postoperative 1 month, the patient was readmitted for bone marrow study and had no return of red cells to bone marrow. At now, patient has been treated with steroid and the further follow up study will be needed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

This study was focused on discriminating the molecular sexes of red deer and elk by duplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR) using two primer sets. Sex differentiation of mammals is primarily dependent on the presence or absence of sex determining region Y(SRY) gene encoded on Y chromosome which plays a key role for male development. Zinc finger X-Y(ZFX-ZFY) gene, one of X-Y homology gene group was found on X- and Y- chromosomes, respectively. At first, the nucleotide sequences were characterized for the intron 9 flanking region of ZFX-ZFY genes. The intron 9 of ZFX and ZFY is 529-bp and 665-bp in length, respectively. A transposable element sequence similar to bovine SINE element Bov-tA was detected only in ZFY gene of Cervidae. Sexing analysis was conducted by duplex PCR assay for amplification of SRY and ZFX-ZFY genes. Two differentially amplified patterns were found: one for females has a common band amplified only from ZFX as a template, and another for males had three bands(a common ZFX and two male-specific ZFY and SRY). On the separate tests using each gene, the results was identical to those from duplex PCR assay. Moreover, the results from PCR assays provide also identical information to phenotypic investigation of individuals of red deer, elk as well as their hybridized progenies collected from two isolated farms. These results suggest that it may be a rapid and precise method for determining the sexes by duplex PCR amplification using Y-chromosome specific SRY and X- and Y- homologous ZFX-ZFY genes showing sexual dimorphism in red deer and elk without any other controls.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.72.1-72.1
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• 2015

We investigate black hole (BH) activities of 16 red active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The 16 red AGNs selected by red colors in optical through near-infrared (NIR) and radio detection. In order to derive BH activities of the red AGNs, we use $P{\beta}$ line with NIR spectra obtained by the SpeX on the IRTF. The $P{\beta}$ line suffers from dust extinction less than UV/optical BH mass estimators. We compared Eddington ratios of the red AGNs and "normal" AGNs, and the Eddington ratios of red AGNs are significantly higher than those of "normal" AGNs. The result is consistent with a scenario that red AGNs are the intermediate population between star forming galaxies and "normal" AGNs, and BHs of red AGNs are very active and grow rapidly in such a stage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.493-494
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• 2006

We have demonstrated highly efficient WOLED with two separated emissive layers using a blue fluorescent dye and a red phosphorescent dye. we also obtain stable $CIE_{x,y}$ coordinates with two-layered WOLEDs. The device structure was ITO/2-TNATA/NPB/two separated emissive layers/Bphen/Liq/Al. The maximum luminous efficiency of the device was 11.6 cd/A at $20\;mA/cm^2$ and $CIE_{x,y}$ coordinates varied from (x = 0.33, y = 0.37) at 6V to (x = 0.28, y = 0.35) at 14V.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.249-256
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• 2001

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines 8ra produces a bacteriocin called glycinecinA, which specifically inhibits the growth of bacteria belonging to Xanthomonas species. GlycinecinA was produced by culturing Escherichia coli DH5 containing biosynthetic genes for glycinecinA, and was tested for its control effect against X. vesicatoria on red pepper and X. oryzae pv. oryzae on rice. The bacteriocin activity was much higher in the cell extract than in the supernatant. It reached a maximum level at the stationary phase, ws maintained up to 2 months at room temperature and approximately 10 months at $4^{\circ}$. The optimum concentration of glycinecinA for the control in the greenhouse and in the field was 12,800 AU/ml. In this study, the activity of glycinecinA on rice and red pepper leaves continued for 7-8 days, during which the pathogen populations remained at low levels. Bacterial leaf spot of red pepper and bacterial leaf blight of rice were significantly reduced by the bacteriocin treatments. The control efficacy was as high as, or even higher than, the chemical treatment of copper hydroxide. These results suggest that the bacteriocin is a potential control agent for bacterial diseases.