• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.787-790
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• 2009

High contrast red, green and blue organic light-emitting diodes were fabricated using inorganic metal multi layer composed of thin Al, KCl and thick Al and then were compared to optical and electrical characteristics with the attached polarizer and conventional OLEDs. Ambient light reflection of OLED using inorganic metal layer, polarizer and conventional metal layer were 29.2, 31.1 and 82.5% respectively. Optical characteristics of OLEDs using inorganic metal layer were max luminescence of 13040 cd/m2 and luminous efficiency of 2.12 cd/A at 8V whereas OLEDs using polarizer has 8456 cd/m2 and 1.43 cd/A at 8V each. OLEDs including inorganic metal multi layers show significant technical advantages in achieving high performance of OLED display with improved contrast ratio of 251:1, specifically in Red OLED.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.22
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• pp.93-114
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• 2001

The composition analysis of Danchung pigments at Geunjeongjeon Hall in Gyeongbokgung Palace were carried out by FXRF and MXRD. The analytical result of the inside pigments at Geunjeongjeon showed that these painted in use the mineral pigments. Gold pigment was pure gold(Au).The main composition identified in green pigments were chalcanthite($CuSO_4$.$5H_2O$) and celadonite($K(Mg, Fe, Al)_2$.$(Si, Al)_4O_10(OH)_2$ ). Red pigments werecinnnabar(HgS).The analytical result of the outside pigments at Geunjeongjeon revealed that these applied to the artificial synthetic pigment. Yellow pigment was chromeyellow($PbCrO_4$). The main composition identified in red pigments were red lead($Pb_3O_4$)and hematite($Fe_2O_3$). Green pigments were emeral green($C_2H_3A_s3Cu_2O_8$) and chromegreen($Cr_2O_3$). Blue pigment was lazurite($Na_6Ca2Al_6Si_6O_24(SO_4)_2$), titanium dioxide($TiO_2$) of white pigment.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.177-181
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• 2011

The catalytic dehydrocoupling of bis(1-sila-3-butyl)benzene 1 and 2-phenyl-1,3-disilapropane 2 by $Cp_2ZrCl_2$/Red-Al and $Cp_2ZrCl_2$/n-BuLi was reported to compare their catalytic efficiency. The dehydrocoupling of monomeric silanes 1 with the $Cp_2ZrCl_2$/Red-Al and $Cp_2ZrCl_2$/n-BuLi combination catalysts produced two phases of polymers: one is a highly cross-linked insoluble solid, and the other is noncross-linked or slightly cross-linked soluble oil and could be a precursor for the solid polymer. The dehydrocoupling of 2 with the $Cp_2ZrCl_2$/n-BuLi combination catalyst similarly produced two phases of polymers. By contrast, the catalytic reaction of 2 with the $Cp_2ZrCl_2$/Red-Al combination catalyst produced a soluble polymer via redistribution/dehydrocoupling process.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.232-241
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• 2012

This work focused on corrosion of carbon steel bolted GECM/Al parts in tap water and NaCl solutions. In tap water and NaCl solutions, open circuit potential of GECM and its potentials in a series of carbon steel bolt>Ti>Al became active. Regardless of test materials, open circuit potentials in tap water were noble, and increasing NaCl concentration, its potentials became active. Immersion test of single specimen showed that no corrosion occur in Ti and GECM. In tap water, carbon steel bolt didn't show red corrosion product and in chloride solutions, corrosion rate in 1% NaCl solution was greater than its rate in 3.5% NaCl solution and red corrosion product in 1% NaCl solution was earlier observed than that in 3.5% NaCl solution. It seems that this behavior would be related to zinc-coatings on the surface of carbon stee l bolt. On the other hand, aluminium was corroded in tap water and chloride solutions. Corrosion of aluminium in tap water was due to the presence of chloride ion in tap water by sterilizing process.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.480-485
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• 1999

The $SrTiO_3$ with Al, Pr red phosphor for FED was synthesized by Pechini process using metallic nitrates, ethylene glycol and citric acid. The different particle growth tendency of $SrTiO_3$ phosphor powder was observed at above and below $900^{\circ}C$. Also, luminescent properties were observed under 359 nm excitation of Pr ion. The emission band was shown between 575 nm and 650 nm with 617 nm maximum spectra. Therefore, $SrTiO_3$ with Al, Pr phosphor is applicable to red phosphor of FED.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5071-5074
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• 2016

Background: Azoxymethane (AOM) is a well-known colon cancer-inducing agent in experimental animals via mechanisms that include oxidative stress in rat colon and liver tissue. Few studies have investigated AOM-induced oxidative stress in rat liver tissue. Red seaweeds of the genera Hypnea Bryodies and Melanothamnus Somalensis are rich in polyphenolic compounds that may suppress cancer through antioxidant properties, yet limited research has been carried out to investigate their anti-carcinogenic and antioxidant influence against AOM-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. Objective: This study aims to determine protective effects of red seaweed (Hypnea Bryodies and Melanothamnus Somalensis) extracts against AOM-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injections of AOM, 15 mg/kg body weight, once a week for two consecutive weeks and then orally administered red seaweed (100 mg/kg body-weight) extracts for sixteen weeks. At the end of the experiment all animals were overnight fasted then sacrificed and blood and liver tissues were collected. Results: AOM treatment significantly decreased serum liver markers and induced hepatic oxidative stress as evidenced by increased liver tissue homogenate levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde, decreased total antioxidant capacity and glutathione, and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase). Both red seaweed extracts abolished the AOM-associated oxidative stress and protected against liver injury as evidenced by increased serum levels of liver function markers. In addition, histological findings confirmed protective effects of the two red seaweed extracts against AOM-induced liver injury. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that red seaweed (Hypnea Bryodies and Melanothamnus Somalensis) extracts counteracted oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model of colon cancer.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.307-315
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• 2017

Background: Red-skin root disease has seriously decreased the quality and production of Panax ginseng (ginseng). Methods: To explore the disease's origin, comparative analysis was performed in different parts of the plant, particularly the epidermis, cortex, and/or fibrous roots of 5-yr-old healthy and diseased red-skin ginseng. The inorganic element composition, phenolic compound concentration, reactive oxidation system, antioxidant concentrations such as ascorbate and glutathione, activities of enzymes related to phenolic metabolism and oxidation, and antioxidative system particularly the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were examined using conventional methods. Results: Aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium, and phosphorus were increased, whereas manganese was unchanged and calcium was decreased in the epidermis and fibrous root of red-skin ginseng, which also contained higher levels of phenolic compounds, higher activities of the phenolic compound-synthesizing enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the phenolic compound oxidation-related enzymes guaiacol peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase. As the substrate of guaiacol peroxidase, higher levels of $H_2O_2$ and correspondingly higher activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were found in red-skin ginseng. Increased levels of ascorbate and glutathione; increased activities of $\text\tiny L$-galactose 1-dehydrogenase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, and glutathione reductase; and lower activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione peroxidase were found in red-skin ginseng. Glutathione-S-transferase activity remained constant. Conclusion: Hence, higher element accumulation, particularly Al and Fe, activated multiple enzymes related to accumulation of phenolic compounds and their oxidation. This might contribute to red-skin symptoms in ginseng. It is proposed that antioxidant and antioxidative enzymes, especially those involved in ascorbate-glutathione cycles, are activated to protect against phenolic compound oxidation.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.143-150
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• 2022

Geopolymers were made by mixing IGCC slag and aluminum smelted waste and their properties were compared with those of IGCC slag based geopolymers. When two raw materials were mixed, the highest compressive strength was obtained at 1.78 of Si/Al ratio. Because the change in compressive strength and density was not so sensitive by the change in Si/Al ratio; that is, the permissible range of Si/Al ratio mixing ratio is broad, it was speculated this broad permissible range would be advantageous for commercialization. The Compressive strength of geopolymers including red mud was higher than that of IGCC based ones and the safety was confirmed by TCLP test. Therefore, it was concluded that the making geopolymers by mixing red mud not only enhances the properties of geopolymers but also gives a recyclability as safe construction materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.73-77
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• 2003

Red mud is a waste material formed during the production of alumina when the bauxite ore is subjected to caustic leaching. It is a brick-red colored highly alkaline (pH 10-12) sludge containing mostly oxides of iron, aluminum, titanium, and silica. Red mud, due to its high aluminum, iron, and calcium contents, has been suggested as a cheap adsorbent for removal of toxic metals (e.g., As, Cr, Pb, Cd) as well as for water or wastewater treatment. The basic advantage of red mud is its versatility in application. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of red mud on stabilization and fixation of heavy metals (such as Pb, Cu, C $r^{6+}$, Cd, Zn) contained in the Al-coating sludge and soil. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals leached from the treated sludge and soil was low, meeting the regulatory permit level.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.2884-2888
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• 2010

Two red fluorescent DCJTB derivatives (Red 1 and 2) based on modified pyrans were synthesized and their electroluminescent properties were investigated. Multilayered OLEDs were fabricated with the device structure of ITO/NPB (40 nm)/Red 1, 2 or DCJTB (0.5 or 1%): $Alq_3$ (20 nm)/$Alq_3$ (40 nm)/Liq (2 nm)/Al. All devices exhibited efficient red emissions. In particular, a device containing emitter Red 2 as a dopant in the emitting layer, the maximum luminance was $8737\;cd/m^2$ at 12.0 V, the luminous and power efficiencies were 2.31 cd/A and 1.25 lm/W at $20\;mA/cm^2$, respectively. The peak wavelength of the electroluminescence was 638 nm with the CIE (x,y) coordinates of (0.63, 0.36) at 7.0 V.