• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2005

Charactertistics of growth from graft induced three stock of red pepper cultivar were analysed. R-safe rootstock was more higher and vigorous than that of the Yeok kang, Konesian hot cultivar at seedling stage and had good characteristics for grafting in the space of cut surface and the amount of sap released. Numbers of branches were more numerous in the grafted plants than those of non-grafted as grafting affected their growths in the process of branching. There was no distinct difference in plant height among the different rootstock. However the R-safe rootstock showed considerably high growth in the 41st days after grafting. Grafting was effective in the early flowering and the R-safe was the earliest in flowering because of it's good growth under the low temperature.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.50-57
• /
• 2020

BACKGROUND: Biochar is used in various environmental fields, such as water quality and soil restoration, and affects soil fertility and nutrient cycling. Also, when crops are grown on biochar-applied soil, their characteristics may be affected. Biochar is used especially with commercial vegetable seedlings. METHODS AND RESULTS: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of biochar content in seeding mixes on early growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.), and red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Treatments consisted of a control (0: 10, ratio of biochar to seeding mixes (w/w)), 1: 9 (biochar 10%), 3: 7 (biochar 30%), 5: 5 (biochar 50%), and 7: 3 (biochar 70%). The biochar was made from risk husk and had a C/N ratio of 104. As the mixing ratio of biochar increased, pH increased whereas EC and nitrogen content decreased. The highest phosphorus content was with the treatment of 30% biochar, while there were significant increases in the weight of lettuce seedlings and concentrations of T-N, P₂O₅, K₂O, MgO, and Na with the treatments of 30% and 50% biochar. Although the weight of Chinese cabbage seedlings increased with the treatment of 10% biochar, the increase was not statistically significant. Also, there was an increase in the weight of red pepper seedlings with the treatment of 30% biochar, but the increase was not statistically significant. With increases in the biochar mixing ratio, the K₂O concentration of red pepper seedlings increased, but the concentrations of P₂O₅, CaO, MgO, and Na decreased. It was believed that this was because of absorption inhibition by calcium-phosphate formation in the seeding mixes owing to increased pH. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, adding biochar to seeding mixes is considered to be an important mean for growing healthy vegetable seedlings. More field experiments are needed to verify the effect of biochar on vegetable crop growth over the entire growing season.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.16-25
• /
• 1987

Colletotrichum acutatum, C. coccodes, C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides were detected in seed samples of red pepper (Capsicum annuum). C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides were the predominant species, maximum seed infection of the species in some samples were 84% and 28%, respectively. C. acutatum and C. coccodes were recorded only in low percentages of 1-2. The blotter method proved more suitable for detecting Colletotricum spp. than the deep freezing blotter or agar plate methods. Plating of seed components showed that C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides were recovered more frequently from seed coat, and decreasing amounts of infection were observed in the endosperm and cotyledon. Seed-borne C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides caused seed rot, damping-off, seedling blight and brown discoloration of cotyledon and hypocotyl when infected seeds were sown in agar of test tube or in soil. Inoculation experiments showed that C. acutatum was pathogenic to red fruit of red pepper and C. coccodes was highly pathogenic to red fruit and weakly pathogenic to leaf of the plant. C. dematium was highly pathogenic to leaf and green fruit and C. gloeosporioides was pathogenic to not only leaf but also green and red fruits. Host range of the four seed-borne species of Colletotrichum was also investigated.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the feasibility for the use of environmental-friendly materials and the effective recycling of spent mushroom compost(SMC) after cultivation of Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. SMC of white button mushroom contained diverse microorganisms including fluorescent Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Tricoderma sp. and Actinomycetes. These isolates showed the extensive antifungal spectrum against plant pathogen. Among of the isolates, fungal pathogen such as Alternaria brassicicola, Phytophtora melonis, Phytophthora capsici and Colletotichum gloeosporioides strong showed strong antagonistic activity. 45.8% of the isolates were actively colonized on the pepper root and 5.8% showed rhizosphere competent of >$5{\times}10^2cfu\;root^{-1}$. The plant growth promotion ability of the collected isolates were tested in pot experiments using red pepper seedling. Among them, 62.7% showed pepper growth promoting ability and growth of pepper root showed superior to the control. The germination of pepper treated with aqueous extracts of non-harvest SMC completely inhibited at concentration of more than 33%. The sterilization of SMC resulted in higher inhibition of germination and early growth of pepper. These results suggest that spent mushroom compost(SMC) of Button Mushroom may have adequately the feasibility for the use with environmental-friendly materials.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.409-415
• /
• 2001

To observe the stimulating effects of low dose gamma radiation on the germination and physiological activity of germinating seeds of old red pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv Jokwang and cv. Hongkwang), seeds were irradiated at the dose of $2{\sim}50 Gy$. The germination rate of irradiation group was higher than that of the control. Especially it was highest at the early stage of induction. The germination rate at 7 days after sowing in Jokwang and Hongkwang cultivar was high as 74% and 11% at 4 Gy and 8 Gy irradiation group, respectively. The seedling height of Jokwang cultivar was noticeably high at 4 Gy irradiation group and that of Hongkwang cultivar at 8 Gy irradiation group. The protein contents of seedlings from seeds irradiated with low dose gamma radiation of Jokwang cultivar increased at the late stage of induction and that of Hongkwang cultivar at the early stage of induction. Catalase and peroxidase activities of seedlings from seeds irradiated with low dose gamma radiation of Jokwang cultivar increased at 4 Gy irradiation group and that of Hongkwang cultivar at 8 Gy irradiation group.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the inhibiting activity of etridiazole and thiophanate-mthyl on mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum and the effect of inoculum density of each pathogen on the control efficacy of the mixture of etridiazole and thiophanate-methyl in a seedling assay test. In mycelial growth inhibition test, $EC_{50}$ values of etridiazole and thiophanate-methyl against R. solani were 15.87 and 9.34 ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$, while those were 0.2 and more than $500\;{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ against P. ultimum, respectively. Controlling activity of the mixture of etridiazole and thiophanate-methyl against damping-off of pepper and cucumber, caused by R. solani and P. ultimum was tested in a greenhouse. With the inoculation of R. solani, disease incidences of seedling in pepper were 73% and 95% at 0.5% and 1.0% of inoculum concentration, while in cucumber those were 55% and 62% at 1.0% and 2.0%. When P. ultimum was inoculated into soil by 2.0% of inoculum concentration, those in pepper and cucumber were 66.7% and 96.8%, respectively. The efficacy of the mixture was somehow affected by the concentration of R. solani. While each control value of the mixture was 94.4% and 90.7% in pepper and cucumber at low inoculum concentration (0.05%), the efficacy of the fungicide decreased in pepper and cucumber by 70.7% and 72.9% at high concentration of R. solani (0.1% in pepper and 0.5% in cucumber). However, the control value of the mixture was 100% in pepper and cucumber, irrespective of the inoculum concentration of P. ultimum, however, the increase of inoculum concentration in soil did not result in the decrease of the fungicide efficacy.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.258-263
• /
• 1997

The result was summarized of basic test and field test to find what quantity of irrigation, what state of compaction and what size of transplanting hopper could induce the optimum taking root in the transplantation of plug seedling by transplanters, and thus acquired the basic data for the development of the related transplanters and the optimum growth and development control. Livability of vegetables after transplanting had no significant difference with respect to for the size of hopper, but was greatly affected by the length of seedlings. The longest possible length of seedling for transplanting and optimal length were found to be 30cm and 28cm, respectively. For irrigation when transplanting red pepper or Chinese cabbage it was thought that large-sized hopper was appropriate. The livability of plug seedling 10 days after transplantation was mainly affected by soil moisture content. Consequently it was thought no irrigation would be needed when transplanting at the soil moisture content of more than 18% ; irrigation of more than 50cc would be needed at the soil moisture content of 13% : initial irrigation of more than 100cc and subsequent irrigation would be needed at the soil moisture content of less than 3.8%. The improvement of soil compaction method (left and right side compaction) with conventional semi-automatic transplanter was not necessary, since there was no difference in livability depending on the compaction methods, left-right side compaction or back-forth-left-right side compaction.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.182-188
• /
• 2011

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplemental light-emitting diode (LED) light on growth characteristics and phytochemical content of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedling using LED blue (470 nm, B), red (660 nm, R), blue + red (BR), far red (740 nm, FR) and UV-B (300 nm) light treatment, and without artificial light. Photon flux of LED light was 49, 16, 40, 5.0 and $0.82{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ for B, R, BR, FR, and UV-B light, respectively, during experiment. Supplemental LED light duration was $16hr\;day^{-1}$ and UV-B light duration was 10 min. per day after sunset up to 15 days (12 days after germination) of plants age. In our research, growth characteristics and phytochemical content of pepper seedlings were greatly influenced by supplemental LED light compare to control treatment. Red light increased the number of leaves, number of nodes, leaf width and plant fresh weight by 34%, 27%, 50% and 40%, respectively. Blue light increased the leaf length by 13%, and stem length and length of inter node were increased by 17% and 34%, respectively under grown far red light. After 15 days of light treatments phytochemical concentrations of pepper plants were significantly changed. Blue light enhanced the total anthocyanin and chlorophyll concentration by 6 times and 2 times, respectively. Red light increased the total phenolic compound at least two folds meanwhile far red light reduced the ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity 31% and 66%, respectively compared to control treatment.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2012

A total of 20 agricultural organic materials including inorganic compounds, plant oils and plant extracts were used in the study for assessing the control efficacy on pepper diseases. Among inorganic compounds, only copper hydroxide showed inhibitory effect on both Phytophthora capsici causing Phytophthora blight and Colletotrichum acutatum causing anthracnose. Phosphorous acid inhibited the growth of P. capsici on PDA, and Sulfur/quicklime had it on that of C. acutatum. Plant essential oil, rosemary oil, and rapeseed oil among plant oils and plant extract of Japanese apricot/ginkgo nut inhibited the mycelial growth of the two pathogens. In the screening using pepper plant seedlings, the control efficacy on Phytophthora blight in 6-leaf stage of seedling was superior to that in 4-leaf stage of seedling. A protective effect on Phytophthora blight was displayed by copper hydroxide, sulfur/quicklime, water soluble calcium, phosphorous acid, plant essential oil, and cloves extract. When C. acutatum was inoculated by the non-wound method, copper hydroxide and rapeseed oil showed excellent protective activities with control values of 91.3% and 82.6%, respectively. However, copper hydroxide did not show any activity, when C. acutatum was inoculated after wounding pepper fruits. All organic materials never showed the curative effect on Phytophthora blight and anthracnose in pepper seedling assay and fruit assay.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.185-191
• /
• 2012

For initiation of resistance breeding program of the red pepper, 21 PR ($Phytophthora$ resistance) cultivars, 36 cultivars collected from USA and 'Supermanitta' which is a susceptible cultivar against phytophthora blight were assayed against phytophthora blight, powdery mildew, and anthracnose. For seedling assay of phytophthora blight, three different mating type strains of $Phytophthora$ $capsici$ were used (A1, A2, Sterile). The result showed that most of the pepper of PR cultivars were resistance or moderately resistance at each mating type. 'Yeokganghongjanggun' was resistant to all three $P.$ $capsici$ strains and 'PR-Datta' and 'PR-Manitta' were resistant or moderately resistant at each type. In case of the collected cultivars, 'NuMex J.E.Parker', 'Omni Color', and 'SCM334' were resistant to all the three types and some cultivars including 'Sweet Banana' and 'Tabasco' were moderately resistant to each type fungi. 'Orange Habanero' and 'Black Cuban' were resistant to powdery mildew and 'Supermanitta' and 'PR Keumdong' were moderately resistant, while 'Santa Fe Grande', 'NuMex Pinata' and 'Puya' were very susceptible. In the case of anthracnose, 'Aji Limon' and 'Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum 3-4' were resistant and 'Pobalno', 'Omni Color', 'Negro', 'Mesilla', 'Mulato', 'Bhut Jolokia', 'Big Dipper', 'Black Cuban', 'NuMex Pinata', and 'NuMex Big Jim' were moderately resistant. The most PR cultivars except 'Taesan' were susceptible or very susceptible. These resistant individuals identified through this experiment can be used as sources of resistance to pepper pathogens in the future breeding programs.