• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.296-303
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• 2016

본 연구는 대학생을 대상으로 혈색소와 골밀도를 평가하고, 혈색소와 골밀도 정량 분석 결과를 보기 위하여 시작되었다. 본 연구는 골밀도에 미치는 혈색소의 영향을 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상자는 20~30세의 건강한 대학생 52명을 직접 실험을 진행하였다. 골다공증은 전통적 노화 여성의 질병으로 간주되었지만, 점차 남성의 건강 문제로 되고 있다. 골다공증의 진단은 골밀도의 정량적 평가로 계산된다. 검사실에서 실시하는 혈액과 소변 검사는 주로 뼈의 신진 대사의 장애의 원인을 파악하기 위해 낮은 BMD 또는 취약성 골절에 사용된다. 본 연구는 성별에 따른 골밀도의 차이는 없었다. 평균 적혈구수, 혈색소 및 적혈구 용적은 남성에게서 상당히 높은 값을 나타내었다(p<0.01). 요추 척추, 골격근양, 기초대사량 사이의 상관 관계는 통계적으로 유의 한 수준에서 정의 관계로 나타났다(p<0.01). 다중회귀분석결과 혈색소는 골밀도에 51.7% 통계적 영향을 나타냈다. 이러한 연구 결과는 골밀도와 혈색소에서 유의한 관계를 이해하는데 유용하며, 혈색소 수준은 골밀도 수준을 예측하는데 강력한 인자이다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 낮은 Hb 값이 낮은 뼈 질량을 가진 피험자에서 유의한 결과를 보여, 낮은 Hb 값이 골밀도를 감소시키는 뼈 회전율 변화의 위험 요소로서의 규칙을 가짐을 의미한다고 사료된다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.108-121
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• 2013

Objective This study was designed to investigate the effects of Gamiygin-tang (GY) extract (GYE) and fermented solution (GYF) on body weight, serum lipid level and adipocyte differentiation in high fat diet-fed obese mice. Materials and Methods High fat diet-fed obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes mice were treated with GYE and GYF and obesity related markers were assessed. A cytotoxicity assay was carried out by MTS assay. Inhibitory effects of GYE and GYF on adipocyte differentiation were carried out by Oil Red O staining. The effects of GYE and GYF on the expression of adipocyte differentiation regulatory factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBP-${\alpha}$) were measured by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The effects of GYE and GYF on the expression of adipocyte differentiation regulatory factors were also determined in relation to protein production/protein levels by western blotting. The anti obesity effects of GYE and GYF were measured in high fat-diet induced obese mice. Various factors were measured from the serum of the high fat-diet mice. Results Though GYE did not show toxicity at the concentration of 1mg/ml, GYF showed toxicity at the concentration of 1mg/ml. The GYE at 0.1 and 1mg/ml inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, and the GYF also inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. The effect of GYE on adipocyte differentiation factors including PPAR-${\gamma}$ and CEBP-${\alpha}$ was investigated and compared to the corresponding concentration levels of GYF. GYE and GYF both suppressed the RNA and protein levels of adipocyte differentiation factors. In the animal test both GYE and GYF reduced weight gain. GYE and GYF reduced blood cholesterol, TG and LDL levels. GYF better reduced blood cholesterol levels. Conclusions These results demonstrate that GYE and GYF exerts anti-obesity effect in 3T3-L1 cells and obese mice induced by high-fat diet.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.65-81
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• 1984

In order to observe the responses of the periodontal tissue on the tension side following the experimental tooth movement, 35 Guinea pigs were divided into the control group (5 animals) and 6 experimental groups (3 movement groups and 3 retention groups) consisting of each 5 animals. The experimental tooth movement of Guinea pig's upper incisors installing open helical loop were carried out by rendering continuous force : 5g (1st groups) 35g (2nd groups), 100g (3rd groups), respectively for 7 days. 3 movement groups (15 animals) were sacrificed soon after the continuous force, and 3 retention groups (15 animals) were sacrificed after the retention period of another 7 days. The following results were obtained from the observation of the surrounding tissues of teeth on the tension side through light microscopy any transmission electron microscopy. 1. The vessel walls in the experimental groups were thinner than those of the control group, the number of blood vessel had the tendency to increase. The greater the strong force applied to each group, the more the destruction of cells and fibers was found and the more the number of the red blood cell of vessel outside appeared. 2. New collagen fibers were produced from fibroblasts in the 1st groups (light force), but were produced rather less in the 2nd groups (medium force) and the 3rd groups (heavy force). 3. In the forming patterns of the new alveolar bone of the 3rd groups (heavy force), the bone trabeculae were formed towards the direction of the force to be applied, but the new alveolar bone in the 1st groups (light force) was produced evenly throughout the all surfaces of the alveolar bone rather than the patterns of bone trabeculae ; therefore, the patterns of new alveolar bone were observed differently according to the magnitude of the force applied. 4. In the retention group, it was observed that the collagen fibers were produced from the osteoblasts in the marginal areas of the periodontal ligaments being widely opened and were deposited on the alveolar bone surface but the production of collagen fibers from the osteoblasts in the other area of the periodontal ligaments was almost ceased, and a rest line on the new alveolar bone surface was found.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2000

1997년 9월 전북 부안군 소재의 동자개(Pseudobagrus fulvidraco) 양어장에서 작은 소리에도 과도하게 놀라고, 새변의 유착과 곤봉화를 특징으로 하는 질병이 발생하여 대량폐사를 초래한 pantothenic acid 결핍에 의한 사료성 아가미병의 병리상과 사망률을 줄이기 위한 방책을 수립하였다. 질병이 발생한 양어장의 수질은 다른 양어장의 수치와 비슷하였고, 병어에서 세균이 분리되지 않았다. 병어는 적혈구 수, Hb, Ht 및 간중량지수의 감소, 적혈구의 소형화와 간의 위축을 나타내는 전형적인 pantothenic acid 결핍에 의한 사료성 아가미병으로 판명되었다. 새변의 상피세포의 증생과 유착을 완화시키기 위해 0.5%와 0.6% 식염을 첨가하여 10일간 사육한 결과 0.5%와 대조구(식염 무첨가구)는 100% 사망하였으나, 0.6% 식염 첨구가구는 75%의 생존율을 나타냄과 동시에 새변 상피세포의 증생과 유착이 감소하였다. Pantothenic acid 10 mg/kg 사료를 25일간 급이하며 5, 10, 15, 25일 간격으로 채취하여 질병의 호전상태를 혈액학적, 병리조직학적으로 검사한 결과 pantothenic acid 첨가사료 급이 25일 후 적혈구 수, Hb, Ht, 간중량지수와 아가미 조직도 정상의 상태로 회복되었다. 병리조직학적 검사에서는 15일부터 상피세포의 증생이 줄어들어 호흡면적이 현저하게 증가하였고 급이 25일 후에는 거의 정상상태로 회복되었다. 본 연구의 결과 동자개의 pantothenic acid 결핍에 의한 사료성 아가미병의 경우 식염 0.6%에서 사육하는것과 pantothenic acid 10 mg/kg 사료 첨가하여 최소한 25일간 사육하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2003

Food intake patterns and iron nutritional status of male and female college students were studied based on dietary iron density. Dietary data were collected using the method of 24-hour recalls for 3 consecutive days from 106 students, and fasting blood were drawn to measure iron nutritional status indicators such as total iron binding capacity, serum iron, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count. Mean daily iron intakes of male and female students were 13.3㎎ and 10.0㎎, which were 107% and 63% of the RDA, respectively. However, dietary iron density were similar between male and female students as 5.9㎎/1,000㎉ and 5.7㎎/1,000㎉, respectively. The diets were divided into two groups according to iron density; high iron density group (6㎎/1,000㎉ or more) and low iron density group (less than 6㎎/1,000㎉). The students in high density group had lower intakes of energy, especially fat, than those in low density group. Female students in high density group showed significantly higher intakes of iron, and non-heme iron and folate than those of low density group. The students in high density group consumed more rice, hamburger, and eggs, while those in low density group consumed more Ra-myon and alcoholic beverages. The students in high density group consumed greater proportions of iron from plant-origin foods. Vegetables, legumes and seasonings were the food groups that female students in high density group consumed significantly more than those in low density group. Also the percentages of female students with iron deficiency were higher in low density group. These results suggest that diet with high iron density is important to improve iron nutritional status of women, and further research about the effective way to increase iron density in our diet is needed.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.69-82
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• 1994

해조류를 첨가한 사료가 조피볼락의 어린 시기에 미치는 생리적 효과를 알아보기 위하여, 전장 $2.99{\pm}0.23\;cm$, 체중 $1.03{\pm}0.18\;g$의 인공종묘에게 미역분말을 각각 $3\%,\;5\%,\;7\%$ 첨가한 사료와 비첨가 사료를 주면서 140일간 사육하여 전장$18.52{\pm}1.07\;cm$, 체중 $120.64{\pm}19.32\;g$이 될 때까지의 어체 성장, 생존율, 체조성, 혈액조성을 서로 비교하고, 저산소 및 기아 내성에 관한 생리활성을 연구하였다. 1. 전장과 체중의 성장은 $5\%$의 미역 첨가시 가장 좋았으며, $3\%,\;7\%$, 대조구인 $0\%$ 순이었다. 2. 실험구별 사료효율은 $3\%,\;5\%,\;7\%,\;0\%$구의 순으로 높았으며, 생존율은 $7\%,\;5\%,\;3\%,\;0\%$구 순이었다. 3. 사육종료시의 체조성에 있어 등 근육의 수분, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분은 실험구별로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 전내장의 조지방 함량은 미역 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 많았다. 4. 미역 첨가구는 $0\%$구 보다 헤마토크릿트값이 크고, 평균적혈구수도 많았다. 5. 실험종료시 사료별 어체의 저산소내성은 미역 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 강했다. 6. 사육실험 종료후 31일간의 기아 실험에서 미역 첨가구의 어체중은 대조구에 비해 적게 감소하였다. 7. 조피볼락 양식에서 사료에 미역을 첨가해 줄 경우, 그 비율은 $5\%$가 가장 적합하며 어체의 생리조건에 좋은 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.210-215
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• 2003

넙치 치어 배합사료의 첨가제로서 미역 분말, 어보산 및 고추냉이의 효능을 조사하기 위하여 평균 체중 8.4g 의 넙치를 각 수조마다 30마리씩 3반복으로 수용하여 미역 분말, 어보산 및 고추냉이를 첨가한 6종류의 사료로 8주간 사육하였다. 생존율은 모든 실험구가 95% 이상이었으며, 증중량과 사료효율은 어보산 첨가구가 가장 높았지만 미역 분말 10% 첨가구를 제외한 타 실험구와는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 일일사료 섭취율은 미역분말 10% 첨가구가 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 단백질효율은 어보산 첨가구가 미역 분말 첨가구 및 고추냉이 줄기 첨가구에 비해 유의하게 높았지만(P<0.05), 대조구 및 고추냉이 잎 첨가구와는 통계적인 차이가 없었다. 비만도는 어보산 첨가구가 가장 높았지만 미역 분말 10% 첨가구를 제외한 타 실험구와는 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 간중량 지수는 미역 분말 첨가구가 타 실험구에 비해 낮았다(P<0.05).실험 종료시 전어체의 수분, 단백질, 지질 및 회분함량은 모든 실험구간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 간의 수분 함량은 미역 분말 10% 첨가구가 가장 높은 반면, 지질 함량은 가장 낮았다(P<0.05). 혈액 성상 및 혈청 성분은 사료의 첨가제에 따른 특별한 변화 경향을 보이지 않았다. 혈청 라이소자임 활성은 미역 분말 5% 및 어보산 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 유의하게 높았으며(P<0.05), 식세포의 활성은 어보산 첨가구와 고추냉이 줄기 첨가구가 대조구보다 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05).이상의 결과로 볼 때, 배합사료에 어보산 첨가는 넙치 치어의 성장을 개선시키는 데 도움이 될 것으로 기대되며, 미역, 어보산 및 고추냉이 줄기의 첨가는 넙치 치어의 비특이적 면역계 활성에 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.156-167
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• 2002

This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Kimchi intake of Cordyceps sinensis extract (CDSE) supplementation on cytokine-induction and immune response in mice. To study in experiments using male Balb/c mice fed Kimchi and Kimchi of CDSE supplementation (addition of 2% of total Kimchi weight) containing fed experimental diet during 2 weeks. Experimental mice were fed control diet or diet containing freeze-dried Kimchi at the level of 5%(w/w) or 5% freeze-dried Kimchi with 2% CDSE supplementation. The main ingredient of Kimchi was Korean cabbage and fermentation was carried out at $4^{\circ}C$ for three weeks. Freeze-dried 2% CDSE supplementation was added to Kimchi at the beginning of fennentation. In order to investigate the effect of Kimchi intake of CDSE supplementation (5%Kimchi-2%CDSE), the following was performed; body weight, food intake, hematological parameter, serum level of mouse interleukin-4 (mIL-4) and mouse $interferon-{\gamma}$ $(mIFN-{\gamma})$, and, the percentage of CD3+/CD4+, CD3+/CD8+, B220+ in splenic cells. The results of final body weight, and food diet intake of two Kimchi groups were lower than those of the control group (not supplemented experimental diet). The hematology change obtained from the level of WBC (white blood cell) and platelet were not affected by feeding different dietary regiments, but the level of RBC (red blood cells) HB (hemoglobin), and spleen weight of two Kimchi groups were increased significantly than those of the control group. The serum level of IL-4 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ of two Kimchi groups were increased significantly than those of the control group, also enhanced the percentages of the CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+ by 5% freeze-dried Kimchi, and 5%Kimchi-2%CDSE group were 43.9 and 60.1%, and 96.0 and 174% than those of the control group, respectively. From these results, it can be concluded that Kimchi itself has an immuno-stimulatory effect and Kimchi contaning 2% CDSE supplementation has the more pronounced effect in vivo system.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2021

Objectives This study is designed to evaluate the safety of Bojungikgi-tang soft extract in healthy male volunteers. Methods 12 healthy male volunteers were recruited and this study was carried out by a single center. Laboratory test results, vital signs of the volunteers were collected to evaluate safety. According to registration order, the 12 subjects were allocated by serial number. To evaluate safety, blood samples were taken and vital signs were checked 4 times - screening, pre administration, post administration and follow up-during the whole trial. The difference between pre (before medication [0 hr]) and post-administration (after medication [48 hr]) variables was summarized as mean±standard deviation. The normality test was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Shapiro-Wilk test. When the normality is satisfied, the paired t-test is applied. Otherwise, the non-parametric method, Wilcoxon signed rank test is applied. The significance level was p<0.05. The incidence of all adverse effects are shown in percentage. Results In the case of red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocytes, neutrophils, protein, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase values, the normality test result of the variable for the difference value before and after the dosing has a significance level <0.05. But most of values did not deviate from the normal range, and the deviation from the normal range could not be regarded as the significance associated with this clinical trial. And adverse event wasn't observed associated with the clinical trial drug. Conclusions Bojungikgi-tang soft extract were considered to be safe for healthy male volunteers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.216-224
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of hot melt extrusion (HME) nano-iron as an alternative for the common ferrous sulfate on iron (Fe) bioavailability, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and intestinal microbiota of weanling pigs. A total of 200 piglets (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc) were randomly allotted to seven treatments on the basis of initial body weight (BW) and sex. Treatments were the INO100 (100 ppm Fe as $FeSO_4$), HME-Fe levels (50, 75, and 100 ppm nano-Fe as $FeSO_4$). ORG100 (100 ppm Fe as iron methionine). In phase 1, the HME50 pigs showed the lowest Fe content in feed and feces. Plasma Fe concentration was increased in HME100 and ORG100 pigs. In phase 2, there were significantly lower concentration of Fe in feed and feces of HME50 pigs (p < 0.01). A lower Fe concentration in the plasma and liver were observed in HME50 pigs compared with HME100 pigs. Concentration of red blood cell (RBC) was the lowest (p < 0.01) for HME50 pigs. During phase 2, the HME100, HME75, and ORG100 pigs showed a higher RBC and hemoglobin values compared with HME50 pigs. Digestibility of gross energy (GE) and crude protein (CP) were significantly higher in HME100 pigs compared with HME50 pigs. There was an increased (p < 0.01) villus height in the duodenum and jejunum of HME100 pigs compared with HME50 pigs. It is concluded that dietary Fe does not improve growth performance of weanling pigs; however, increasing the dietary iron concentration in weanling piglets increased the RBC and hemoglobin. In addition, the potential ability of HME to be used at a lower level (HME75) was observed.