• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5421-5425
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• 2015

To evaluate the relationship between the growth hormone 1 (GH1) T1663A polymorphism, recreational physical activity and body mass index (BMI) with reference to breast cancer, we conducted a case-control study with 669 cases of breast cancer and 682 population-based controls in Jiangsu Province, China. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit detailed information. All subjects completed an in-person interview. GH1 genotypes were identified using PCR-RFLP methods. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with an unconditional logistic model. The distribution of GH1 genotypes was not significantly different between controls and cases ($x^2$=2.576, P=0.276). Results of stratified analysis by the participation status of the recreational physical activity showed that the persons with GH1 A allele were at a decreased risk of breast cancer (adjusted-OR=0.66; 95% CI, 0.50-0.87) only among inactive individuals. Stratified analysis by BMI showed that the genotype A/A was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer only among individuals of the BMI <25 (adjusted-OR=0.80; 95% CI, 0.66-0.98). The findings of this study suggest that recreational physical activity and BMI may modify any association between the GH1 T1663A polymorphism and breast cancer risk.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.4083-4088
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• 2016

Background: Physical inactivity has been identified as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality and is associated with increased breast cancer diagnosis and recurrence. Purpose: To examine the association between adult lifetime physical activity and breast cancer risk in a case-control analysis. Materials and Methods: This study involved 122 cases of breast cancer and 121 controls in the state of Kelantan in Malaysia. A comprehensive measure of lifetime physical activity was used to assess occupational, household, and recreational/sports activity. For every type of activity, a metabolic equivalent (MET) score was assigned using the compendium of physical activities. MET-hours/week per year for all types of activities at different levels of intensities for different age groups were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios between various measures of physical activity and breast cancer risk. Conclusions: The mean MET-hours/week per year for all activities were 120.0 and 132.9 of MET-hours/week per year for cases and controls respectively. Household activities accounted for about 70% of the total lifetime physical activities. Only about 2.5% of the total lifetime physical activities were in the form of recreational/sports. This study found no association between lifetime occupational and recreational/sports physical activities with breast cancer risk among Kelantanese women. However, higher intensity lifetime household activities seemed to significantly reduce risk of breast cancer.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.680-691
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• 2021

본 연구는 노년기 신체활동 특성과 우울, 스트레스 및 행복 등 정신 건강의 실태를 보고하고, 신체활동 특성에 따른 정신건강의 차이를 분석하기 위하여 실행되었다. 분석 자료는 질병관리청의 국민건강영양조사 2019년도 자료 중 총 2,381사례였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 연구 대상자의 일상생활수행능력에서는 대부분 일상생활에 어려움이 없는 것으로 나타났지만, 중강도 신체활동과 유산소 신체활동은 대부분 하지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 대상자의 우울, 스트레스, 행복 등의 정신건강은 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 일상생활수행능력과 중강도 신체활동 및 유산소신체활동 실천율에 따라 우울, 스트레스, 행복에 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 노년기 신체활동 및 정신건강에 대한 사회적 지원에 대한 필요성이 논의되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5161-5166
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• 2014

Our aim was to access the association between recreational physical activity (RPA) and risk of ovarian cancer (OC). The studies were retrieved from the PubMed and Embase databases up to February 20th, 2014. Risk ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate effect sizes. Random-effects or fixed-effects models were used to pool the data. The trim and fill method was applied for sensitivity analysis. Begg's rank correlation test and Egger's regression asymmetry test were employed to assess the publication bias. A total of 6 studies (435398 participants including 2983 OC patients) were included in this meta-analysis. The overall estimate indicated that there was weakly inverse association between RPA and OC risk (RR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.72-1.12, p=0.335). Meanwhile, for prospective cohort studies, a result consistent with the overall estimate was obtained (RR=1.12, 95% CI: 0.88-1.42, p=0.356). However, for case control studies, the pooled estimate of RR was 0.76 (95%CI: 0.64-0.90, p=0.002), indicating a clear significant association between RPA and OC risk. In addition, the sensitivity analysis indicated a significant link between RPA and risk of OC after removing Lahmann's study (RR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.68-0.93, p=0.004). No significant publication bias was found (Begg's test: p=1.00; Egger's test: p=0.817). In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicated a weakly inverse relationship between RPA and the occurrence of OC.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.137-156
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• 2003

Increasingly, leisure time is being used for outdoor recreational activities, and fishing is one of the principal forms of marine recreation. Marine recreational fishing is a popular activity in Korea and this activity has led to the development of a sector of substantial social and economic value. Also it is considered as one of the important outdoor leisure industries in Korea. With rising of income level and development of marine outdoor leisure industries, social, economic demand increase of marine recreational fishing are showing us new advance ability of marine aquatic bio-industry. However the recreational use of fish stocks has become an important consideration in the public and environmental economic analysis of management aspect of fishing, having grown considerably over recent years to reach a level in Korea where the fish stocks and coastal ecosystem has become a significant management problem. we are inevitably facing marine environmental deterioration and overfishing in marine recreational fishing. In this study, not only resources and environmental problems which are occurred by recreational fishers, but also illegal fishing behaviors and other problems such as market's failure are going to analyze basic management theories and methods of recreational fishing through mathematical principals and economic rents which maximize net social benefits. In view of the likelihood of marine recreational fishers adopting high rates of discount, the conservation of fish resources would appear to require continual public surveillance and control of the physical yield and condition of the fish stocks and the optimal use level. The institutional management of recreational fisheries is the way of escaping the collapse of recreational fisheries just like as the situation of management's failure of commercial fisheries worldwide. One of the effective management measure is a license system. In this system, optimal fee is paid by recreational fishers, which prevent them from overfishing, environmental problems to some extents and carry out the optimal number of outings. And money obtained by license fee should be spent for more improvement fishing culture and welfare for marine recreational fishing. Marine recreational fishing is to be promoted under sound conservation and management principles.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2009

Objectives : Vigorous physical activity is a well-known method to promote people s health. This research aims to investigate whether perceived neighborhood characteristics affect vigorous physical activity among adult Seoul residents (aged 19 to 64). Methods : Utilizing the 2005 Seoul Citizens Health Indicators Survey data, this study estimates the probability of vigorous physical activity. Particular attention is given to the effects of three perceived neighborhood characteristics satisfaction with relationship to the neighborhood, satisfaction with park and recreational facilities, and satisfaction with public security). Logistic regression models are analyzed separately by gender for the parameter estimation. Results : Vigorous physical activity is positively associated with three perceived neighborhood characteristics for women, while neither significant nor substantive association is found for men. Conclusions : As vigorous physical activity among Seoul citizens is differentially affected by perceived neighborhood characteristics and by gender, a different approach will be needed to increase vigorous physical activity of men and women in Seoul.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.680-695
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for developing nursing intervention for middle-aged women. This study identified health status, family functionality and spousal relationship and analyzed relationship between individual characteristics and family functionality/ spousal relationship. The subjects, of this study were 1.723 women from 45 to 55 years of age, who lived in J city. Data were analyzed using percentages, means, t-tests, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients with the SPSS statistical program. The results of the study were as follow: 1. The rate of women who perceived themselves to be healthy was 36.6%, those who did not was 30.8%. The most frequent health problem was a disease of the skeletal system (13.2%). 2. The mean score of family functionality was $3.25{\pm}.60$, with cohesion score of $3.58{\pm}.66$ and adaptability score of $2.99{\pm}.63$. 3. The mean score of total spousal relationship was $3.22{\pm}.42$; the relationship with in-laws was 3.78; sexual relationship, 3.74; life style, 3.44; and recreational activity. 3.39. 4. The women who experienced menopause perceived themselves to be unhealthier than those who did not. 5. Healthy women had a high score at total spousal relationship. personality of spouse. life style, recreational activity, and children's influence. 6. The women from 40 to 50 years of age. and women who graduated from middle or high school and had medium economic status showed a high score in family functionality. There was no correlation between family functionality and experience of the menopause. 7. Lower aged women were not good in personality of spouse (p<.05), sexual relationship (p<.05), and relationship with relatives (p<.05), Inexperienced women's menopause was influenced by their children (p<.05), Women who graduated from middle or high school (p<.001) and had medium economic status (p<.05) showed a high score in spousal relationship. 8. The higher the family functionality score. the higher spousal relationship. score (p<.001): love and communication (p<.001), personality of husband (p<.05), and religion (p<.001). relationship with relatives (p<.05), but the lower the score of recreational activity (p<.05), and share of role (p<.001) in the spousal relationship. 9. In the family functionality, the higher the cohesion score. the higher was the adaptability score (p<.001). l) The higher the cohesion score, the higher were love and communication, personality of husband. life style. sexual relationship. and children's influence, but the lower were share of role in spousal relationship(p<.001). 2) The higher the adaptability score, the higher were love and communication, religion, but the lower were the personality of husband, life style. sexual relationship, recreational activity, relationship with relatives, share of role(p<.001), and children's influence in spousal relationship (p<.05). 10. Variables within the spousal relationship have relationships with other variables. 1) The higher the love and communication score. the higher personality of husband religion, life style, communication. relationship with relatives, and children s influence (p<.001). 2) The higher personality of husband life style sexual relationship. recreational activity, relationship with relatives, share of role, and children's influence (p<.001). 3) The higher the religion score, the lower the recreational activity score (p<.05). 4) The higher the life style, the higher were the sexual relationship, recreational activity. relationship with relatives. share of role, and children's influence (p<.001). 5) The higher the sexual relationship score. the higher were recreational activity. relationship with relatives, share of role. and children's influence (p<.001). 6) The higher the recreational activity, the relationship with relatives, share of role. and children's influence (p<.001). 7) The higher the relationship with relatives, the higher were the share of role. the higher children's influence (p<.001). In conclusion. the spousal relationship was not good in unhealthy women, and the family functionality was related with the age of women and educational level. Also the spousal relationship was related with the age of women, personality of husband, sexual relationship. relationship with relatives by marriage and influence of sons and daughters. Menopause was related with spousal relationship, not related with family functionality. And the family functionality not related with perceived health status. but was correlated with spousal relationship. Therefore, the health management program for middle-aged woman should take place before menopause and must be based on promoting the family functionality and spousal relationship as well as physical health.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제83권4호
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• pp.429-440
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• 1994

휴양공간(休養空間)의 환경특성(環境特性)과 이용자의 행동(行動) 및 인지반응(認知反應)과의 상호관계를 밝혀, 자연지역에 존재하는 다양(多樣)한 이용 공간에 대한 휴양(休養) 평가(評價)를 실시하였다. 본 연구는 일본(日本) 대판부(大阪府)의 자연공원내(自然公園內)에 있는 수림(樹林), 수변공간(水邊空間), 자유광장(自由廣場) 및 기타 휴양시설(休養施設)들을 연구대상 공간으로 설정하고, 현지 이용자에 대한 직접(直接) 설문 조사를 실시하여 얻어진 정보를 분석한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 수림(樹林)과 수변공간(水邊空間)은 야외 휴양 공간의 기본적 구성요소인 것으로 판단된다. 수림은 임층구성(林層構成)에 따라 휴양 평가의 차이가 있다. 특히 활엽수림(闊葉樹林)은 그 효용성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 2) 자유광장(自由廣場)은 활용성이 광범위한 휴양 공간이지만 이용 형태에 대응한 공간규모나 지형 등을 설정하여야 하며, 지피식물(地被植物)의 도입과 철저한 관리가 요청된다. 3) 야외 휴양 공간내의 인공시설(人工施設)(전망대(展望臺), 곤충관(昆蟲館), 캠프장(場))은 휴양적(休養的) 평가치(評價値)가 낮은 것으로 나타났으나 다양한 이용성이 있으므로 야외 휴양 활동에 반드시 필요한 것으로 생각된다. 다만 그 설치에 있어서 주변의 자연경관(自然景觀)과 환경용량(環境容量)을 신중히 고려하여야 한다. 4) 전통적인 역사(歷史), 문화시설(文化施設)도 야외 휴양자원의 귀중한 구성요소가 되고 있음이 인정됨으로 이에 대한 지속적인 보전 대책이 강구되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2013

We compared the structure of fish community and condition of major fish species in Lake Chungpyung and Lake Paldang, which are relatively shallow, meso-eutrophic, cascading dam reservoirs on the North Han River. Two lakes have wide littoral zone in the lakeside providing similarly good habitat for fishes, whereas fishery and water recreational activities such as motorboating, water skiing are allowed in Lake Chungpyung but are prohibited in Lake Paldang. The average lengths of large size fishes in Lake Chungpyung are shorter than those of same species in Lake Paldang, resulting in the slight distortion of generation distribution of those species in Lake Chungpyung, possibly owing to the active fishery such as fixed shore net fishing, gill net fishing and angling. Meanwhile the condition of fishes represented by the length-weight relationship of fish species did not show the significant differences between two lakes and showed normal condition. To evaluate the impact of physical disturbance such as loud noise and turbulent wave from water recreational activities to fishes precisely, further studies including physiological responses to stress an spawing activity should be needed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.208-217
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• 2021

Objectives: In spite of the importance of green space for reducing obesity-related problems, there has been little exploration of whether access to green space (e.g., parks and recreational facilities) influences the obesity rate of adults in the United States. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships among accessibility of green space, obesity rates, and socioeconomic and demographic variables among adults living in the State of Indiana, United States. Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis to investigate the relationships among accessibility to green space, obesity rates, and socio-demographic variables with employing Geographic Information System in order to measure the accessibility of green space. Results: This study found that accessibility of green space served as a strong predictor of reduced obesity rates among adults (β=-2.478; p<0.10). In addition, adults with higher education levels, as well as better access to green space, were found to have even lower obesity rates (β=-0.188; p<0.05). Other control variables such as unemployment rates, food security, and physical inactivity are additional factors that influence obesity rates among adults. Conclusions: Accessibility of green space may play an important role in facilitating physical activity participation and reducing obesity rates.