• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.411-417
• /
• 2016

Background Facial hypoesthesia is one of the most troublesome complaints in the management of facial bone fractures. However, there is a lack of literature on facial sensory recovery after facial trauma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the facial sensory recovery period for facial bone fractures using Neurometer. Methods Sixty-three patients who underwent open reduction of zygomatic and blowout fractures between December 2013 and July 2015 were included in the study. The facial sensory status of the patients was repeatedly examined preoperatively and postoperatively by Neurometer current perception threshold (CPT) until the results were normalized. Results Among the 63 subjects, 30 patients had normal Neurometer results preoperatively and postoperatively. According to fracture types, 17 patients with blowout fracture had a median recovery period of 0.25 months. Twelve patients with zygomatic fracture had a median recovery period of 1.00 month. Four patients with both fracture types had a median recovery period of 0.625 months. The median recovery period of all 33 patients was 0.25 months. There was no statistically significant difference in the sensory recovery period between types and subgroups of zygomatic and blowout fractures. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the sensory recovery period according to Neurometer results and the patients' own subjective reports. Conclusions Neurometer CPT is effective for evaluating and comparing preoperative and postoperative facial sensory status and evaluating the sensory recovery period in facial bone fracture patients.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제11권10호
• /
• pp.267-273
• /
• 2011

이 논문은 재난 복구에 대한 이론적 고찰을 통해 재난 복구의 유형화와 사전 복구 계획의 설계에 관한 주요 내용을 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 복구는 재난 발생 직후부터 피해 지역이 재난 발생 이전 상태로 회복 될 때까지의 장기적이고 지속적인 활동이다. 그리고 복구 단계는 비상대책 기간, 복원 기간, 재건 기간, 개발 재건 기간으로 구분할 수 있다. 복구 대책 또한 구호와 재활 활동으로 이루어지는 단기 복구 대책과 재건 활동으로 이루어지는 장기 복구 대책으로 구분하여 실시하는 것이 요구된다. 그리고 사전 복구 계획을 설계하는 경우, 재난 복구 조직의 명확한 설정과 주요 이해관계자의 확인, 임시 주거지의 위치 선정, 중요한 과업 수행 방식의 사전 결정, 피해자들이 이용당하지 않도록 계약자 허가 부여와 모니터링, 소매가격의 통제, 역사적 유물 유적이 있는 장소에서의 복구 작업 수행 방안, 그리고 복구 기간 동안 재난 피해 완화를 위한 법률 제정의 목표 구현 인식이 요구된다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.173-182
• /
• 1997

This study presents the results observed in the change in blood components of ten female students of “K” university's physical Education Department during submaximal exercise, relaxation and recovery periods. 1. After ecercise, the WBC value is higher than in relaxation time. Also within thirty minutes of the relaxation period it does not return to the normal range. 2. After exercise, the RBC value is higher than during relaxation time. Also in the recovery period, within 30 minutes it returns to the normal range. 3. After exercise. the RCT value is higher than during relaxation time. Also in the 30 minutes recovery period it returns to the normal range of relaxation. 4. After exercise, the Hb value is higher than during relaxation time. It rises slowly after exercise and returns to the relaxation range in the 30 minutes recovery period. 5. After exercise and in 10 minutes of the recovery period, the value of Glucose is lower than during relaxation time. It returns to the relaxation range in 30 minutes of the recovery period. 6. After exercise the value of protein is higher than during relaxation time. It returns to the relaxation range within ten to thirty minutes of the recovery period.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제63권6호
• /
• pp.1247-1264
• /
• 2021

Anabolic steroids are frequently used to increase the growth rate of meat-producing animals. Exposure to an anabolic-androgenic steroid, nandrolone decanoate (ND), is associated with expressional reduction of testicular steroidogenic enzymes. However, the effect of withdrawal of ND exposure on the expression of these testicular molecules has not been thoroughly explored. The current research investigated expression changes of testicular steroidogenic enzymes in rats at several recovery periods (2, 6, and 12 weeks) after the stop of ND treatment with different doses (2 and 10 mg/kg body weight) for 12 weeks. Body and testis weights were recorded, and transcript levels of molecules were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The immunohistochemistry was used to examine the changes of immuno-intensities of molecules. At 6 and 12 weeks of the recovery period, the 10 mg/kg ND-treated rats were lighter than other experimental groups. The interstitial compartment vanished by ND treatment filled up as the recovery period became longer. The expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein was returned to the control level at 12 weeks of the recovery period. Expression levels of cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage and 17a-hydroxylase were increased in 2 mg/kg ND-treated group at 6 weeks of the recovery period, and transcript levels of these molecules in 2 and 10 mg/kg ND-treated groups at 12 weeks of the recovery period were significantly lower than the control. Expression levels of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type I and 17β-HSD type 3 in 2 mg/kg ND-treated group were comparable with those of control at 12 weeks of the recovery period, but not in 10 mg/kg ND-treated group. Expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase (Cyp19) was reverted to the control level at 2 weeks of the recovery period. Except for Cyp19, there was a visible increase of immuno-staining intensity of other testicular steroidogenic enzymes in the Leydig cells as the recovery period progressed. This research has demonstrated that the cease of ND administration could restore the expression of testicular steroidogenic enzymes close to the normal level. Nevertheless, a relatively long recovery period, compared to the ND-exposure period would be required to retrieve normal expression levels of testicular steroidogenic enzymes.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.269-281
• /
• 1995

To study the characteristics of EMG power spectrum of masticatory muscles during sustained isometric contraction and recovery at various contraction times, the author analysed the EMG signals of anterior temporal and masseter muscles before, during, and after sustained isometric contraction at 50% level of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for 15,30,60 seconds. Twelve normal subjects were included in this study. The author came to following conclusions from the results. 1. MMF of anterior temporal muscle in the contraction period was significantly higher than that of masseter muscle during sustained isometric contraction regardless of isometric contraction times (p<0.05). 2. MMF in the contraction period decreased as the contraction time increased during sustained isometric contraction in both temporal and masseter muscles(p<0.05). 3. SMF in the contraction period increased as the contraction tie increased during sustained isometric contraction in both temporal and masseter muscles(p<0.01). 4. MMF in the first part of recovery period (20 seconds) decreased as the contraction time increased during sustained isometric contraction(p<0.05). However, MMF in the later parts of recovery period (20-120 seconds) showed no significant differences. 5. MMF of anterior temporl muscle in the recovery period was significantly higher than that of masseter muscle after sustained isometric contraction regardless of isometric contraction times (p<0.05). 6. The recovery rate of MF reached 100% in 100 seconds after the isometric contraction regardless of isometric contraction times.

• Journal of Information Display
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 2001

The switching power loss due to the panel capacitance during sustain period in AC PDP driving system can be minimized by using the energy recovery circuits. We proposed a new energy recovery circuit, SER1 (Seoul national univ. Energy Recovery circuit 1st). The experimental results of its application to a 42-inch surface discharge type AC PDP showed superior performance of SER1 in energy recovery efficiency and low distortion voltage waveform. Energy recovery efficiency of SER1 was measured up to 92.3 %, and the power dissipation during the sustain period was reduced by 15.2 W in 2000 pulse/frame compared with serial LC resonance energy recovery circuit.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.18-26
• /
• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to check for reversibility in the changes induced by a 13-week, repeated, dose toxicity test of Sweet Bee Venom (SBV) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Fifteen male and 15 female SD rats were treated with 0.28 mg/kg of SBV (high-dosage group) and the same numbers of male and female SD rats were treated with 0.2 mL/kg of normal saline (control group) for 13 weeks. We selected five male and five female SD rats from the high-dosage group and the same numbers of male and female SD rats from the control group, and we observed these rats for four weeks. We conducted body-weight measurements, ophthalmic examinations, urinalyses and hematology, biochemistry, histology tests. Results: (1) Hyperemia and movement disorder were observed in the 13-week, repeated, dose toxicity test, but these symptoms were not observed during the recovery period. (2) The rats in the high-dose group showed no significant changes in weight compared to the control group. (3) No significant differences in the ophthalmic parameters, urine analyses, complete blood cell counts (CBCs), and biochemistry were observed among the recovery groups. (4) No changes in organ weights were observed during the recovery period. (5) Histological examination of the thigh muscle indicated cell infiltration, inflammation, degeneration, necrosis of muscle fiber, and fibrosis during the treatment period, but these changes were not observed during the recovery period. The fatty liver change that was observed during the toxicity test was not observed during the recovery period. No other organ abnormalities were observed. Conclusion: The changes that occurred during the 13-week, repeated, dose toxicity test are reversible, and SBV can be safely used as a treatment modality.

• 식품보건융합연구
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2021

This study examined the effects of kinesio taping on recovery from fatigue induced by an exercise of concentric contraction using an isokinetic machine. The fatigue was introduced by a mode of exercise at 60°/sec, 50 repetitions for three sessions. The changes of blood ammonia, lactate, LDH, and CK as a marker of fatigue were monitored. Eight healthy collegiate students participated in two experiments; 1) kinesio taping application condition and 2) no kinesio taping application condition. Before experiments, their physical characteristics were measured. For the experiment, blood samples were taken before and immediately after exercise, and 24hr as well as 72hr of recovery period. Window SPSS package 12.0 version was used and one-way ANOVA with repeated measures were employed. The results were as follows. 1) Blood ammonia tended to reduce along the recovery, but no differences between conditions were noticed. 2) Blood lactate tended to reduce during the recovery period, but differences between conditions were not noticed. 3) The LDH was not different between conditions and CK tended to reduce during the recovery period, but differences between conditions were not noticed. Based on the results, kinesio taping did not influence on recovery phase of blood ammonia, lactate concentration, LDH, and CK.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제29권9호
• /
• pp.1161-1170
• /
• 2000

Objective : The transverse hippocampal slice is one of the most commonly studied in vitro models of mammalian brain physiology. However, despite its broad usage, there has been no standardization of slice preparation techniques or recording condition. It is well known that variations in recording conditions can result in profound different effects to neuronal responses. Evoked field potentials, recorded extracellularly, were used to investigate the effects of variations in hippocampal slice preparation protocol on hypoxia responses of CA1 neurones. Material & Methods : Before hypoxic injury, hippocampal slices were incubated for 4 hours. During incubation period, the slices were placed in a incubation chamber($21^{\circ}C$) for recovery from preparation injury and then transferred to recording chamber($34^{\circ}C$) for more recovery and baseline electric recording with current stimulation(0.1Hz). Various time periods in incubation chamber and recording chamber were applied to each experimental group(group 1=60min : 180min, group 2=90min : 150min, group 3=180min : 60min, time in incubation chamber : time in recording chamber) before 10 min hypoxia produced by replacing 95% $O_2$+5% $CO_2$ mixed gas to 95% $N_2$+5% $CO_2$ gas. Calcium, Magnesium ions and several drugs effecting on glutamate receptor also were studied. Recoveries from hypoxic injury of hippocampal slices were estimated by percent recovery of population spike(PS). Statistic analysis of study were performed using paired t-test. Results : The percent recovery of PS after 10min hypoxia was considerably enhanced by increasing the period of current stimulation during incubation period before hypoxic injury. Temperature effect on the result of this experiment was also studied(group 4) but the result from this showed no statistic significance. Low magnesium ion concentration of artificial CSF(Mg-free aCSF) during incubation period enhanced the recovery of PS but low calcium (calcium-free) and high magnesium ion concentration(2mM) reduced it after hypoxic injury. L-glutamate($100{\mu}M$) and AP-5($50{\mu}M$) had no effect on the recovery of PS but CNQX($10{\mu}M$) in artificial CSF during incubation period markedly enhanced the recovery of PS. Co-treatment of AP-5($50{\mu}M$), CNQX($10{\mu}M$) and high magnesium concentration(2mM) enhanced recovery of PS in immediate following period of hypoxic injury but the effect of cotreatment after then decayed rapidly and lost statistic significance. Conclusions : Judging from above results, the condition of baseline recording is important in observing the recovery of population spike after hypoxia, and the time and the condition should be controled more strictly to obtain reliable results.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
• /
• 제56권4호
• /
• pp.357-376
• /
• 2022

본 연구에서는 2019년부터 2021년까지 3년의 기간 동안 A 공공도서관의 대출 현황 및 대출 추이를 분석하였다. 조사 결과, 코로나 전기와 코로나 시기 간, 코로나 시기와 코로나 회복기 간에는 대출 빈도 평균 차이가 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 코로나 전기와 코로나 회복기 간에는 대출량 평균 차이가 유의미하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 3년을 통합해서 분석한 결과, 월별, 요일별, 시간대별 대출 빈도의 분포에 있어서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 시기별로 세부 비교한 결과, 코로나 전기와 코로나 회복기의 월별. 시간대별 대출 분포가 유사하며, 코로나 시기의 월별, 시간대별 대출 분포는 코로나 전기 및 코로나 회복기와 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 코로나 시대 장기간의 공공도서 관 대출 추이에 대해 조사한 본 연구의 결과는 향후 공공도서관의 장서 개발, 서비스 운영 및 개선에 활용되고, 공공도서관 이용자들의 대출 행태와 정보 요구를 예측하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.