• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.282-287
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• 1999

The object of this study was to determine the difference of the time course changes of transpiration, diffusion resistance and photosynthetic rate of rice at several different growth stages subjected to soil moisture stress (SMS) and recovery by irrigation. A japonica rice cultivar 'Dongjinbyeo', was grown under flooded condition in a plastic container filled with silty loam soil. At 5 main growth stages, the container was treated by SMS until initial wilting point (IWP) and then reirrigated. The duration of SMS until IWP were the longest, 13 days for tillering stage, and the shortest, 7 days for panicle initiation and meiosis stage. The transpiration rate rapidly decreased during SMS and the transpiration rate at IWP of the stressed plant showed 10∼20% compared with control, and the transpiration rate of stressed plant at most growth stages also recovered rapidly after irrigation and then reached 100% of control within a week. The shoot photosynthetic rate in all growth stages rapidly decreased by SMS, and the rates at IWP of stressed plants were de-creased nearly to 0%, beside the treatment at tillering stage. The recovery degree of photosynthetic rate by irrigation ranged from 20 to 90%, showed higher at early growth stages of SMS treatment than that of later stages. At all growth stages the leaf diffusion resistance of stressed plants was over 3 times that of the control resulting from a rapid increase at 3 to 5 days after draining for SMS, and showed quick recovery by irrigation within 3 days after drainage. The above physiological parameters changed in close relation with the decrease of the soil matric potential after SMS. These results indicate that at all main growth stages of rice plants the transpiration and photosynthesis reduction by stomatal closure reponded sensitively to the first stage of SMS closely related with decrease of soil water potential, while those recovery pattern and recovered degree by irrigation are little different by growth stage of rice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.686-690
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• 2015

The adrenergic receptor beta 2 (ADRB2) plays a role in various physiological responses of the muscle to exercise, such as contraction and relaxation. Given its important role in muscle function, we investigated the structure of the horse ADRB2 gene and its expression pattern after exercise to determine if it can serve as a putative biomarker for recovery. Evolutionary analyses using synonymous and non-synonymous mutation ratios, were compared with other species (human, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, cow, pig, chicken, dog, and cat), and revealed the occurrence of positive selection in the horse ADRB2 gene. In addition, expression analyses by quantitative polymerase chain reaction exhibited ubiquitous distribution of horse ADRB2 in various tissues including lung, skeletal muscle, kidney, thyroid, appendix, colon, spinal cord and heart, with the highest expression observed in the lung. The expression of ADRB2 in skeletal muscle was significantly up-regulated about four folds 30 minutes post-exercise compared to pre-exercise. The expression level of ADRB2 in leukocytes, which could be collected with convenience compared with other tissues in horse, increased until 60 min after exercise but decreased afterward until 120 min, suggesting the ADRB2 expression levels in leukocytes could be a useful biomarker to check the early recovery status of horse after exercise. In conclusion, we identified horse ADRB2 gene and analyzed expression profiles in various tissues. Additionally, analysis of ADBR2 gene expression in leukocytes could be a useful biomarker useful for evaluation of early recovery status after exercise in racing horses.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.970-977
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• 1995

본 연구는 건강한 남자대학생 16명을 대상(대조군=8명, 실험군=8명)으로 하여 14일간 하루 마늘 90g(매끼당 30g)을 섭취시켜 폐기능 중 산소섭취량, 이산화탄소 생성량, 환기량, 호흡상과 혈중 총 콜레스테롤, 트리글리 세라이드, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, 젖산, 젖산탈수소효소, 유리지방산, 글루코스의 변화를 측정 비교분석하였다. 자전거 에르고메타를 이용하여 20분간 3분 마다 50watt씩 증가하는 점증 운동부하로 최대 운동검사를 실시하여 폐기능을 측정하였고, 운동부하 전과 후에 혈액을 채취하여 분석 검토하였다. 마을섭취군이 HDL-콜레스테롤치는 높게 나타났고, LDL-콜레스테롤치와 총 콜레스테롤치는 낮게 나타났다. 젖산 농도는 마늘섭취군이 낮게 나타났고, 젖산탈수소효소의 활성도는 높았다. 산소섭취량, 이산화탄소 생성량, 환기량과 호흡상은 마늘섭취군과 대조군에서 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 본 연구를 통하여 마늘섭취군이 혈액 성분 중 HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, 총 콜레스테롤, 젖산, 젖산 탈수소효소에서 대조군에 비해 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 마늘이 가지고 있는 어느 성분이 어떠한 작용에 의해 이와같은 효과를 가지는지에 대해서 검토가 필요하다고 생각된다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of various discontinuous Percoll washing conditions on motile sperm recovery rate and motion kinematics. Frozen semen samples from 3 bulls (0.5 ml plastic straws, 6% glycerol in egg yolk-Tris-glycerol extender) were thawed in $37^{\circ}C$ water bath for 1 min. After thawing, the mixed semen samples were randomly allocated to 12 treatment groups. Briefly, the spermatozoa were centrifuged for three different time lengths (10, 20, and 30 min) at two gravities ($300{\times}g$ and $700{\times}g$) through two concentrations of discontinuous Percoll density gradient of 1 ml 90%: 1 ml 45% Percoll and 2 ml 90%: 2 ml 45% Percoll to remove extender, debris, and dead spermatozoa. Motile sperm recovery rate and motion kinematics were evaluated by computer assisted sperm analyzer using Makler counting chamber. Sperm motility (%) and motile sperm recovery rate showed similar pattern in all treatment groups. However, sperm motility (%) and motile sperm recovery rate were highest at $700{\times}g$ for 30 min through a discontionous Percoll density gradient of 1 ml 90%: 1 ml 45% Percoll. There were no significant differences in motion kinematics after various Percoll washings. These results suggest that force of centrifugation, centrifugation time, and Percoll volume significantly affect motile sperm recovery rate.

• 재활복지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.87-111
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• 2016

본 연구는 마약중독에서 탈출하여 회복의 길을 걷고 있는 회복자 5명에 대한 질적 사례연구이다. 마약 중독자들의 회복과 그 내용에 대한 이해는 사회적 실천적 효용성이 있음에도 불구하고 개인들의 지극히 사적이고 민감한 주제를 다루기 때문에 질적연구 방법이 적합하다. 연구자들은 질적연구 방법 중 질적 사례연구방법으로 접근하였으며, 심층면담을 수행하여 자료를 구성하였다. 자료는 Creswell(2007)이 제안한 사례 내 사례 간 주제분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 사례 내 분석에서는 연구참여자들의 개별적인 사례를 기술하고 그들의 경험과 중독, 탈중독 과정의 주요 문제점들을 파악하였다. 사례 간 분석에서는 사례 내 분석을 토대로 마약중독 회복경험 전체에서 나타나는 유사한 주제들을 결집하여 공통주제로 전환하였다. 5명의 개별사례에서 마약중독 회복과 관련하여 총 19개의 주제를 도출했고, 이를 공통성 차원에서 결집한 결과, 첫째, 현실감각의 회복, 둘째, 자기실존 양식 떠안기, 셋째, 사회적 관계 속에서 자기 재구성, 넷째, 자기애의 4가지 공통주제를 발굴했다. 연구결과와 논의에 근거하여 마약중독자의 회복과 재활에 기여할 수 있는 실천차원에서의 제언을 하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.743-748
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• 1993

Alterations in thyroid function test results are frequently seen in patients with nonthyroidal illness & correlate with the severity of the illness & prognosis. We studied thyroid hormone changes in 14 patients received cardiopulmonary bypass[CPB]. All patients were biochemical euthyroidism preoperatively. TSH[Thyroid Stimulating Hormone] level reached its nadir[0.46 $\pm$ 0.11 ulU/ml, P<0.0005] at 12 hours after the start of CPB & showed elevating pattern to the preoperative level thereafter. FT4[Free Thyroxine] reached to its nadir[10.16$\pm$ 1.17 pmol/L, P<0.01] at POD[Post Operative Day] #4 & reached to the preoperative level at POD #7. Mean serum TSH & FT4 concentration were within normal limits[P>0.25] during CPB & thereafter. TT3[Total Triiodothyronine] reached to its nadir[38.6 $\pm$ 8.4 ng/dl, P<0.001] at 30 minutes after the start of CPB & remained low[P<0.05] throughout the study period. The patients whose recovery was uneventful[Group I] had higher serum TSH, TT3 levels[P<0.05] than who had complications or died[Group II]. Group I showed the elevating pattern of TSH, TT3 at POD #4, but Group II failed to show such elevating pattern. In Group I, FT4 was within normal limits[P>0.5] throughout the study period, and also within normal limits[P>0.1] in Group II.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2017

Objectives It is well known that problem drinking is associated with alterations of brain structures and functions. Brain functions related to alcohol consumption can be determined by the resting state functional connectivity in various resting state networks (RSNs). This study aims to ascertain the alcohol effect on the structures forming predetermined RSNs by assessing their cortical thickness. Methods Twenty-six abstinent male patients with alcohol dependence and the same number of age-matched healthy control were recruited from an inpatient mental hospital and community. All participants underwent a 3T MRI scan. Averaged cortical thickness of areas constituting 7 RSNs were determined by using FreeSurfer with Yeo atlas derived from cortical parcellation estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. Results There were significant group differences of mean cortical thicknesses (Cohen's d, corrected p) in ventral attention (1.01, < 0.01), dorsal attention (0.93, 0.01), somatomotor (0.90, 0.01), and visual (0.88, 0.02) networks. We could not find significant group differences in the default mode network. There were also significant group differences of gray matter volumes corrected by head size across the all networks. However, there were no group differences of surface area in each network. Conclusions There are differences in degree and pattern of structural recovery after abstinence across areas forming RSNs. Considering the previous observation that group differences of functional connectivity were significant only in networks related to task-positive networks such as dorsal attention and cognitive control networks, we can explain recovery pattern of cognition and emotion related to the default mode network and the mechanisms for craving and relapse associated with task-positive networks.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.80-96
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• 1999

This research focused on pattern adjustments of the stable knit garment for women. Fourteen different types of the knitted fabrics by 12 gauge, computerized flat bed machines were cut in as one half of the torso front, one half of the torso back, and one side of the sleeves for each of them. Guidelines such as the center front, the center back, the armhole, the bust-line, the waistline, the hip-line the hemline were basted on the torso patterns in the knitted fabrics. Also the grain-line, the elbow-line, and the hemline were basted on the one side of the sleeves in the same as above knitted fabrics. The torso patterns in the knitted fabrics were exhibited on the dress-forms on top of the torso patterns in Muslin, which also have the same guidelines drawn on. The distances between the guidelines on Muslin and those on the knitted fabrics for each set of the sample fabrics were measured every three days for two weeks. The fabric properties of the fourteen knitted fabrics such as fiber contents, stitch density both in the wale and course directions, weight, thickness, stretch & recovery, residual shrinkage, relaxation and drapability were laboratory tested for how these were related to finished appearance of 12 gauge, computerized flat knit garments and also in order to prove the fourteen knitted fabrics fall to a category of such as the stable knit. The results from the investigation revealed that six fabric properties such as stitch density, thickness, stretch recovery, residual shrinkage and relaxation were not so much significant factors as weight and drapability. In conclusion, fabric weight, and drapability of the fabric resulting from fiber contents were the cause of final appearance distortion of garment. When adapting patterns for stabilized, 12 gauge, computerized flat knitted fabrics, the fiber contents of the fabrics should be taken into consideration to reduce the production cost and produce better-fit garments.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 MPEG(Moving Picture Experts Group) 영상 디코더에서 영상을 압축, 비교, 복원, 저장한후 디코딩 처리하는 방법을 종래의 픽셀 단위로 처리하는 방법과는 다르게 영상의 단위 화소 주변을 군집화소로 분류한 후 이를 클러스터링하여 오버랩정도를 결정 한다. 오버랩 정도의 임계치값을 결정하는데는 패턴식별을 취한후 샘플 패턴에 대한 기하구조의 파악과 결정함수의 도출로 활용된다. 특징공간이 4차원 이상이면 주어진 패턴 구조를 시각적으로 관찰할 수 없다. 이 때, 분포구조를 고찰해 볼수 있는 방법은 군집중심간의 거리, 군집별 패턴의 수 및 표준편차 등을 이용하는 방법이다. 임계치 값을 넘는 중복화면은 소거되고 넘지않는 군집화면은 패턴인식으로 복원된후 동영상으로 구현된다. 이방법이 기존의 픽셀 단위 처리하는 방법 과는 20%정도의 메모리 감축과 15%정도의 화면 복원에 성능이 향상된 것으로 판정된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제38권
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• pp.25.1-25.4
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• 2016

Background: Bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) is the most widely used mandibular surgical technique in orthognathic surgery and is easy to relocate the distal segments, accelerating bone repair by the large surface of bone contact. However, it can cause neurosensory dysfunction (NSD) or sensory loss by injury of the inferior alveolar nerve. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate NSD after BSSRO and modifiers at NSD recovery. Methods: In this study, NSD characteristics after BSSRO from 2009 to 2014 at the Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital were evaluated. The pattern of sensory recovery over time was also evaluated based on factors such as field of sensory dysfunction, surgical procedure, presence of pre-operative facial asymmetry, and postoperative medications. Results: Most of the patients had shown NSD immediately after orthognathic surgery. Among the 1192 sides of 596 patients, NSD was observed in 953 sides and 544 patients. Sexual predilection was shown in males (p value = 0.0062). In the asymmetric group of 132 patients, NSD was observed in 128 patients (96.97 %). In the symmetric group of 464 patients, NSD was observed in 416 patients (89.45 %); on the other hand, NSD was observed significantly higher in the asymmetric group (p = 0.025). NSD-associated factors were analyzed, and vitamin B12 may be beneficial for NSD recovery. Conclusions: There was a difference between the symmetric group and the asymmetric group in NSD recovery. Vitamin B12 can be regarded as an effective method to nerve recovery. However, a further prospective study is needed.