• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.28-38
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• 2009

Background : Peripheral nerve injuries are a commonly encountered clinical problem and often result in a chronic pain and severe functional deficits. Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (G. M. Radix) on the pain control and the recovery of the locomotor function that results from the sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats. Method : Using rats, we crushed their sciatic nerve, and then orally administered the aqueous extract of G. M. Radix. The effects of G. M. Radix on the recovery locomotor function were investigated by walking track analysis. The effects of G. M. Radix on pain control were investigated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the sciatic nerve, and c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG). Result : G. M. RADIX facilitates motor function from the locomotor deficit, and thereby increased BDNF expression and suppressed painful stimuli in the PVN and vlPAG after sciatic crushed nerve injury. Conclusion : It is suggested that G. M. Radix might aid recovery locomotor function and control pain after sciatic crushed nerve injury. Further studies on identifying specific the component in G.M. Radix associated with enhanced neural activity in the peripheral nerve injury may be helpful to develop therapeutic strategies for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.732-745
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to assess combined effects of early oral feeding after Cesarean section (C/S) under regional anesthesia on bowel function, gastrointestinal complications and surgical recovery. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using KISS, RISS, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, CENTRAL and Google Scholar to identify randomized clinical trials comparing early oral feeding (EOF) with delayed oral feeding (DOF) after C/S. Outcome variables were bowel function and gastrointestinal complications and surgical recovery. Effect size was calculated using weighted mean differences (WMDs) and relative risks (RRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Seven studies involving 1,911 patients from 568 studies, 7 studies were included in meta-analysis. EOF was significantly associated with shorter time to recover bowel movement compared with DOF (WMD, - 2.50; CI, - 3.50~- 1.50). EOF was not associated with nausea (RR, 1.15; CI, 0.87~1.53) and vomiting (RR, 0.96; CI, 0.65~1.42), but lower incidence of abdominal distension (RR, 0.70; CI, 0.50~0.98). EOF was significantly associated with shorter time to discontinuation of intravenous fluids (WMD, - 8.88; 95% CI, - 16.65~- 1.11) and removal of urinary catheter (WMD, - 15.23; CI, - 25.62~- 4.85). Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides evidence that EOF after C/S under regional anesthesia not only accelerates return of bowel function and surgical recovery but also reduces gastrointestinal complications. These results suggest that EOF should be offered to women who have undergone C/S to improve the recovery experience and reduce overall medical costs.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.48-58
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of mirror therapy on motor function recovery following a stroke through a systemic review and meta-analysis. In total, nine of the 48 studies were identified from search engines between 1997 and 2011, as well as from a review of the reference lists of each identified study. The quality of each study was assessed using Jadad scale, and the effect size was calculated as a Cohen's effect size using MetaAnalyst (Beta 3.13). The overall effect size of the mirror therapy was 2.005 (95% confidence interval=1.041~2.970) in a random-effects model. This finding suggests that mirror therapy is beneficial for improving motor function following a stroke. The results from the subgroup analysis according to categorical variables were as follows: First, the effect size was larger for an onset time of less than 1 year (1.166) than for a duration of 1 year or more (.668). Second, the effect size of unpublished dissertations (1.610) was larger than published articles (1.221). Third, motor recovery of upper extremities (1.609) had a greater effect than motor recovery of lower extremities (.903). The major limitation of this study is the relatively small study population. Therefore, further individual studies of mirror therapy should be conducted in order to generalize the effects. In addition, mirror therapy supervised by a physical therapist should be recognized as a potential approach to manage motor function following a stroke and recommended to patients to improve their motor function.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.267-272
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• 2006

Objective : There have been recent reports that mesenchymal stromal cells that are harvested from adipose tissue are able to differentiate into neurons. In the present study, we administered adipose tissue derived stem cells in rats with cerebral infarction in order to determine whether those stem cells could enhance the recovery of motor function. Methods : Cerebral infarction was induced by intraluminal occlusion of middle cerebral artery in rats. The adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells were harvested from inguinal fat pad and proliferated for 2 weeks in DMEM media. Approximately $1{\times}10^6$ cells were injected intravenously or into subdural space of the peri-lesional area. The rotor rod test was performed at preoperative state[before MCA occlusion], and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after the cell therapy. Results : The motor functions that were assessed by rotor rod test at 1 week of the cell therapy were nearly zero among the experimental groups. However, there was apparent motor function recovery after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of cell injection in intravenously treated rats and peri-lesionaly treated rats, respectively, while there was no significant improvement till 8 weeks in vehicle treated rats. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that the adipose derived stem cell treatment improves motor function recovery in rats with cerebral infarction.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2023

Purpose : In this study, we aimed to determine how frequencies different of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the less affected contalesional corticomotor area affect upper extremity motor function in patients with acute stroke within 3 months of onset. By doing so, we aimed to propose a new method of rTMS intervention based on the degree of damage and recovery status of the patient, rather than the generalized rTMS intervention that has been used uniformly. Methods : The rTMS intervention was applied on the contralesional side of the cerebral hemisphere damage. 15 subjects in the HF-rTMS group, 12 subjects in the LF-rTMS group, and 14 subjects in the SF-rTMS group were randomized to receive the rTMS intervention in each group for a total of 10 sessions on five consecutive weekdays for two weeks, and underwent FMA-U to determine changes in upper extremity function following the intervention in each group. FMA-U was performed within 24 hours before and after the rTMS intervention. Results : When the FMA-U was performed to determine the pre- and post-intervention changes in upper extremity motor function within the groups, no statistically significant differences were found in the SF-rTMS group before and after the intervention, but significant statistical differences were found in the HF-rTMS group (p=.006) and the LF-rTMS group (p=.020), with greater significance in the HF-rTMS group than the LF-rTMS group. Conclusion : This study confirmed that compensatory action by activating the less affected contralesional corticomotor area based on the bimodal balance-recovery model can support upper extremity recovery patients with acute stroke within 3 months of onset, depending on the degree of damage level and recovery status. Therefore, the results of the contralesional HF-rTMS application in this study may provide a basis for proposing a new rTMS intervention for upper extremity recovery in stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to investigate the crease recovery and the elastic recovery as a function of the direction of plain woven fabrics. The crease recovery was measured by Mosanto's Method and the elastic recovery was investigated by Autograph for ten kinds of plain woven fabric samples. The results were as follows; 1. Values of crease recovery were in the order of bias>weft>warp. 2. The lengthening of recovery time had a little effect on crease recovery. 3. The directions of crease recovery were affected by that of thread twist. 4. The linearity was shown between total crease recovery and warp-weft crease recovery. 5. The linearity was found between crease recovery and elastic recovery in the fabrics.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 1994

This study was designed and undertaken to find out the effectiveness of VAS for evaluation of general anesthetic postoperative pulmonary-function. We compared the degree of perceived pulmonary function recovery with peak expiratory flow at postoperative 72 hours of subjects. The subjects of this study were collected 38 patients who had received upper abdominal operation in St. Paul Hospital, Catholic University Medical College, and Kangnam Scared Heart Hospital and Kangdong Scared Heart Hospital, Hallym University. Data collection period was from June 15th, to August 7th, 1992. The degree of pulmonary recovery function was measured with peak expiratory at 72 hours postoperatively. The degree of perceived pulmonary function of the patient was measured with ten points visual analog scale at 72 hours postoperatively. Peak expiratory flow and visual analog score was analyzed with Pearson correlation. Peak expiratory flow was expressed as a ratio of preoperative value. The result was as follows : The recovery of pulmonary function and the degree of perceived pulmonary function of the patient at 72hours postoperatively was revealed high correlation (r=.84). The above result suggested that patients with general anesthetic upper abdominal surgery should evaluate recovery of pulmonary function making use of VAS. We know that VAS is very useful in postoperative patients. We perceived that VAS is to take up a positive attitude of patients. Nurse should furnish the nursing care objectively and scientifically to patients. As VAS was economic and simple, VAS should be adviced for wider application.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1169-1179
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• 1992

To determine the period and degree of full recovery of postoperative pulmonary function, the author performed seiral pulmonry function test with spirometry at preoperative period and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th and 8th postoperative week in 64 patients who underwent chest surgery form 1990. 1. to 1990. 8. at Dep. of Thoracic & Cardiovascular surgery, Pusan National University Hospitcal, Pusan, Korea 28 patients underwent lung resection[Group A], 14 patients mediastinal and other thoracic surgery[Group B], and 22 patients heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass[Group C]. Al of them recovered normally and discharged without any complications. Their serial changes of pulmonary function test were compaired and its results was as follows; l. Over all mean recovery time of restrictive ventilatory function tests[ie, VC, ERV, IC, FEF1, FVC, FEF200-1200, MVV] were 4th & 6th postoperative week, and that of obstructive ventilatory function tests[ie., EFE25-75%, Vmax50] were 2nd postoperative week. 2. In patient who underwent lung resection surgery[Group A], FEF1 recovered in 4th~6th postoperative week and its ratio to preoperative value was 70% in pneumonectomy, and 75% in lobectomy. FVC recovered in 4th~6th postoperative week and its ratio to preoperative value was 65% in pneumonectomy, and 80% in lobectomy. MVV was recovered in 4th~8th postoperative week and recovery ratio was 80%, FEF200-1200 was recovered at 4th~6th postoperative week and its recovery ratio was 70%, FEF25-75% and Vmax50 was recovered in 2nd~4th postoperative week and recovered nearly to preoperative level. 3. In patient who underwent mediastinal and other thoracic surgery[Group B], FEV1 and FVC and recovered in 4th~6th postoperative week and the recovery ratio of FVC in blebectomy was 90%. MVV reached preoperative level in 4th~8th postoperative week. FEF200-1200, FEF25-75% and Vmax50 were recovered in 2nd~4th postoperative week and the recovery of FEF25-75% and Vmax50 in blebectomy was prominant. 4. In patient who underwent heart surgery[Group C], FEV1 and FVC were recovered in 4th~6th postoperative week. The recover ratio of FEF25-75% and Vmax50 was delaied to 6th~8th postoperative week From the above results we concluded that the recovery time of posoperative restrictive ventilatory disorder was 4th postoperative week and pulmonary complication would possibly occure during that period. So more intensive observations will be needed.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.86-95
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• 2016

Background: The present study was designed to examine the functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI) by adjusting the parameters of impact force and dwell-time using the Infinite Horizon (IH) impactor device. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (225-240 g) were divided into eight injury groups based on force of injury (Kdyn) and dwell time (seconds), indicated as Force-Dwell time: 150-4, 150-3, 150-2, 150-1, 150-0, 200-0, 90-2 and sham controls, respectively. Results: After T10 SCI, higher injury force produced greater spinal cord displacement (P < 0.05) and showed a significant correlation (r = 0.813) between the displacement and the force (P < 0.05). In neuropathic pain-like behavior, the percent of paw withdrawals scores in the hindpaw for the 150-4, 150-3, 150-2, 150-1 and the 200-0 injury groups were significantly lowered compared with sham controls (P < 0.05). The recovery of locomotion had a significant within-subjects effect of time (P < 0.05) and the 150-0 group had increased recovery compared to other groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the 200-0 and the 90-2 recovered significantly better than all the 150 kdyn impact groups that included a dwell-time (P < 0.05). In recovery of spontaneous bladder function, the 150-4 injury group took significantly longer recovery time whereas the 150-0 and the 90-2 groups had the shortest recovery times. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates SCI parameters optimize development of mechanical allodynia and other pathological outcomes.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.279-288
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• 1999

The creep of concrete structures caused by variable stresses is generally calculated by step-by-step method based on the superposition of creep function. Although most practical application is carried out by this linear assumption. significant deviations between predictions and experiments have been observed when unloading takes place, that is. stress is reduced. This shows that the superposition of creep function does not describe accurately the effect of sustained compressive preload. The main purpose of this study is to propose a creep analysis model which is expressed with both creep function and creep recovery function where increase or decrease of stress is repeated. In these two function method, the creep behavior is modelled by using linear creep law for loading and creep recovery law for unloading. To apply two function method to time analysis of concrete structures, the calculation method of creep strain increment under varying stress is proposed. The calculation results based on the present method correlates very well with test data, but the conventional superposition method exhibits large deviation from test results. This paper provides a more accurate method for the time dependent analysis of concrete structures subjected to varying stress, i.e. increasing or decreasing stress. The present method may be efficiently employed in the revision of future concrete codes.