• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.2 s.302
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• pp.131-142
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• 2005

The low rate speech coders under 4 kbit/s are based on sinusoidal transform coding (STC) or multiband excitation (MBE). Since the harmonic coders are not efficient to reconstruct the transient segments of speech signals such as onsets, offsets, non-periodic signals, etc, the coders do not provide a natural speech quality. This paper proposes method of a efficient transient model :d a multi-mode low rate coder at 2.4 kbit/s that uses harmonic model for the voiced speech, stochastic model for the unvoiced speech and a model using aperiodic pulse location tracking (APPT) for the transient segments, respectively. The APPT utilizes the harmonic model. The proposed method uses different models depending on the characteristics of LPC residual signals. In addition, it can combine synthesized excitation in CELP coding at time domain with that in harmonic coding at frequency domain efficiently. The proposed coder shows a better speech quality than 2.4 kbit/s version of the mixed excitation linear prediction (MELP) coder that is a U.S. Federal Standard for speech coder.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.60-68
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• 2012

Current wireless sensor networks are considered to support more complex operations ranging from military to health care which require energy-efficient and timely transmission of large amounts of data. In this paper, we propose an adaptive temporal suppression algorithm which exploits a temporal correlation among sensor readings. The proposed scheme can significantly reduce the number of transmitted sensor readings by sensor node, and consequently decrease the energy consumption and delay. Instead of transmitting all sensor readings from sensor node to sink node, the proposed scheme is to selectively transmit some elements of sensor readings using the adaptive temporal suppression, and the sink node is able to reconstruct the original data without deteriorating data quality by linear interpolation. In our proposed scheme, sensing data stream at sensor node is divided into many small sensing windows and the transmission ratio in each window is decided by the window complexity. It is defined as the number of a fluctuation point which has greater absolute gradient than threshold value. We have been able to achieve up about 90% communication reduction while maintaining a minimal distortion ratio 6.5% in 3 samples among 4 ones.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.47-55
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a method to reconstruct accurate 3D shape object by using multi-view images which are disturbed by motion blur. In multi-view deblurring, more precise PSF estimation can be done by using the geometric relationship between multi-view images. The proposed method first estimates initial 2D PSFs from individual input images. Then 3D PSF candidates are projected on the input images one by one to find the best one which are mostly consistent with the initial 2D PSFs. 3D PSF consists with direction and density and it represents the 3D trajectory of object motion. 야to restore 3D shape by using multi-view images computes the similarity map and estimates the position of 3D point. The estimated 3D PSF is again projected to input images and they replaces the intial 2D PSFs which are finally used in image deblurring. Experimental result shows that the quality of image deblurring and 3D reconstruction improves significantly compared with the result when the input images are independently deblurred.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a novel method for 3D reconstruction of an indoor scene using a multi-view camera. Until now, numerous disparity estimation algorithms have been developed with their own pros and cons. Thus, we may be given various sorts of depth images. In this paper, we deal with the generation of a 3D surface using several 3D point clouds acquired from a generic multi-view camera. Firstly, a 3D point cloud is estimated based on spatio-temporal property of several 3D point clouds. Secondly, the evaluated 3D point clouds, acquired from two viewpoints, are projected onto the same image plane to find correspondences, and registration is conducted through minimizing errors. Finally, a surface is created by fine-tuning 3D coordinates of point clouds, acquired from several viewpoints. The proposed method reduces the computational complexity by searching for corresponding points in 2D image plane, and is carried out effectively even if the precision of 3D point cloud is relatively low by exploiting the correlation with the neighborhood. Furthermore, it is possible to reconstruct an indoor environment by depth and color images on several position by using the multi-view camera. The reconstructed model can be adopted for interaction with as well as navigation in a virtual environment, and Mediated Reality (MR) applications.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2013

Occlusal plane is a sagittal expression of dental arch form, and it composes the shape of occlusion, which is one of the most important elements of Maxillo-oral system. In this case, vertical, horizontal coordinates of bionic-median-sagittal plane was produced in articulator, and to achieve relation of left and right position of upper, lower teeth and deficits in alveola, Shilla system was used to reconstruct occlusal plane. In this case, a 41 year-old male patient visited for fracture of 10 unit metal-ceramic fixed partial denture of upper anterior teeth and for overall treatment. Clinical, radiographical, model examination was held, full mouth rehabilitation was achieved by placing dental implant. Maxillo-oral relation was recorded using Gothic arch Tracer complex and were mounted. And for the next step, we estimated original occlusal plane using Shilla system. After analysis we produced diagnosis wax pattern. On the basis of this, radiography stent was manufactured and dental implant was placed, and temporary prosthesis was made by using diagnosis wax pattern. Cross mounting and anterior guiding table were performed in order to reproduce temporary restoration morphology and bite pattern, followed by final restoration made of all ceramic crown with zirconia coping. As stated above, appropriately esthetic and functional results can be seen in using Shilla system in diagnosis and treatment procedure of full mouth rehabilitation patient.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2011

The measurement-based verification for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a time-and labor-consuming procedure. Instead, this study aims to develop a MU fluence reconstruction method for IMRT QA. Total actual fluences from treatment planning system (TPS, Eclipse 8.6, Varian) were selected as a reference. Delivered leaf positions according to MU were extracted by the dynalog file generated after IMRT delivery. An in-house software was develop to reconstruct MU fluence from the acquired delivered leaf position data using MATLAB. We investigated five patient's plans delivered by both step-and-shoot IMRT and sliding window technologies. The total actual fluence was compared with the MU fluence reconstructed by using commercial software (Verisoft 3.1, PTW) and gamma analysis method (criteria: 3%/3 mm and 2%/1 mm). Gamma pass rates were $97.8{\pm}1.33$% and the reconstructed fluence was shown good agreement with RTP-based actual fluence. The fluence from step and shoot IMRT was shown slightly higher agreement with the actual fluence than that from sliding window IMRT. If moving from IMRT QA measurements toward independent computer calculations, the developed method can be used for IMRT QA. A point dose calculation method from reconstructed fluences is under development for the routine IMRT QA purpose.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.548-553
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• 2016

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in cartilage tissue engineering to repair articular cartilage defects. However, hypertrophy of chondrocytes derived from MSCs might hinder the stabilization of hyaline cartilage. Thus, it is very important to find a suitable way to maintain the chondrogenic phenotype of chondrocytes. It has been reported that cordycepin has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor functions. However, the role of cordycepin in chondrocyte hypertrophy remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of cordycepin on chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy in MSCs and ATDC5 cells. Cordycepin upregulated chondrogenic markers including Sox9 and collagen type II while down-regulated hypertrophic markers including Runx2 and collagen type X. Further exploration showed that cordycepin promoted chondrogenesis through inhibiting Nrf2 while activating BMP signaling. Besides, cordycepin suppressed chondrocyte hypertrophy through PI3K/Bapx1 pathway and Notch signaling. Our results indicated cordycepin had the potential to maintain chondrocyte phenotype and reconstruct engineered cartilage.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.215-238
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• 2012

One of the keyword in every nation's recent educational policy is key competencies. Considering national competitiveness originating from educational competitiveness, educational policy has been driven to identify key competencies and realize them through school education. Within this context some leading countries have developed competencies-based curriculum and discussed ways to relate key competencies and subject matter areas. However, there have been few researches on how to reflect or integrate key competencies into subject matter areas. Because of this reason, the ways to incorporate and integrate key competencies into three subject areas including mathematics were investigated. The recent trends of curriculum, teaching and learning, and assessment of domestic and foreign cases were explored by the subject of one Korean international middle school, one British foreign school in Seoul, one French foreign school in Seoul, and four middle schools in New Zealand. To establish competencies-based school education, there should be intimate connection system among curriculum, teaching and learning, assessment, and teacher education. Through analysis of domestic and foreign cases, some conclusions regarding how these aspects have changed with the emphasis of key competencies were drawn. In this paper, through classroom observations and teacher interviews, the reality of competencies-based mathematics teaching of New Zealand and France was investigated. As a result, summaries and recommendations related to ways to improve subject teaching and teacher education in light of key competencies were presented. In these recommendations, the ways to reconstruct subject-based curriculum, the content-specific teaching and learning, and educational assessment were included.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.14
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• pp.33-51
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• 2012

Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851) has been widely regarded as the most original and brilliant English landscape painter in the 19th century. Admitted to the Royal Academy Schools in 1789, Turner was a precocious artist and gained the full membership of the prestigious Royal Academy in 1802 at the age of 27. Already in the 1800s he was recognised as a pioneer in taking a new and revolutionary approach to the art of landscape painting. Among his early works made in this period, The Shipwreck, painted in 1805, epitomizes the sense of sublime Romanticism in terms of its dramatic subject-matter and the masterly display of technical innovations. Of course, the subject of shipwreck has a long standing history. Ever since human beings first began seafaring, they have been fascinated as much as haunted by shipwrecks. For maritime societies, such as England, shipwreck has been the source of endless nightmares, representing a constant threat not only to individual sailors but also to the nation as a whole. Unsurprisingly, therefore, shipwreck is one of the most popular motifs in art and literature, particularly during the 18th and 19th centuries. Yet accounts, images and metaphors of shipwreck have taken diverse forms and served different purposes, varying significantly across time and between authors. As such, Turner's painting registers a panoply of diverse but interconnected contemporary discourses. First of all, since shipwreck was an everyday occurrence in this period, it is more than likely that Turner's painting depicted the actual sinking in 1805 of the East India Company's ship 'The Earl of Abergavenny' off the coast of Weymouth. 263 souls were lost and the news of the wreck made headlines in major English newspapers at the time. Turner's painting may well have been his visual response to this tragedy, eyewitness accounts of which were given in great quantity in every contemporary newspaper. But the painting is not a documentary visual record of the incident as Turner was not present at the site and newspaper reports were not detailed enough for him to pictorially reconstruct the entire scene. Rather, Turner's painting is indebted to the iconographical tradition of depicting tempest and shipwreck, bearing a strong visual resemblance to some 17th-century Dutch marine paintings with which he was familiar through gallery visits and engravings. Lastly, Turner's Shipwreck is to be located in the contexts of burgeoning contemporary travel literature, especially shipwreck narratives. The late 18th and early 19th century saw a drastic increase in the publication of shipwreck narratives and Turner's painting was inspired by the re-publication in 1804 of William Falconer's enormously successful epic poem of the same title. Thus, in the final analysis, Turner's painting is a splendid signifier leading the beholder to the heart of Romantic abyss conjoing nightmarish everyday experience, high art, and popular literature.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.415-425
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• 2016

Game industry is certain to change rapidly as its attribute. Therefore, It's not easy that the law response to reflect the technological change of game industry properly, and a new legal issue that is difficult to cover with the existing law. Recently, Court battle or cases about games are socially receiving attention. Nevertheless, Research accumulation about the legal action to response this is rare situation. The legal system that is related games mostly approach in the regulation and punishment of one-sided administration so far. Relatively, Approach from the game industry development and promotion act standpoint is low. Shrinking rapidly the current game industry is not an irrelevance to this. So It is necessary to reconstruct rationally in side that embrace with variety of views of members of the society and interests about current game-related laws, systems and regulation instruments. Access to how will develop competitiveness of the game industry in legal aspects and how will promote the balanced development between game industries are needed. The problems that needs to handle in legal aspect such as game development, game distribution, and game usage which in the part of the game industry are getting more and more in the future. Therefore, there is a need to review consistently in the legal aspect for the game industry promotion.