• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.334-340
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• 2019

In order to promote scientification of Korean medicine, two hypothetical scenarios were proposed methodologically. Firstly, the scientification of Korean medicine requires a comprehensive understanding of the process and reality, and new logical procedures and the methods of observation and experiment. Secondly, transformation to revised Korean medicine is to replace traditional Korean medicine with biochemistry-based Western medicine, that is a method of reconstructing the recognition foundation describing symptoms and diseases using anatomical platforms and analytical tools. But there are areas of human training and practice that are not subject to scientification, and there are incommensurable parts as for the methodology between western medicine too. And additionally arbitrary rejection by uniform science with a political reason was done. So these various backgrounds and factors should be considered for the scientification of Korean medicine. And before that, reflection and agreement on the understanding and attitude of the method of scientification within the Korean medical community is necessary.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2016

Objectives Syndrome differentiation and treatment (辨證論治) was one of the core theories in Korean medicine and syndrome differentiation (辨證) constitutes a branch of disease diagnosis in Korean medicine. Yoon Gil-Young, one of the modern outstanding scholar of basic medical science in Korean medicine, wrote on basic theories of Korean medicine such as physiology, pathology, formula science, etc. Hereby we will analyze and discuss his works to understand his recognition of historical changes in the syndrome differentiation. Methods We conducted researches into the two works of Yoon Gil-Young's, which are "The Clinical Formula Science of Eastern Medicine (東醫臨床方劑學)" and "The theory of Four-Constitution Medicine (四象體質醫學論)". From Yoon's academic standpoint which connects the basic medical science with the clinical medicine, we analyzed his opinion about the system in the Theory of 'Syndrome Differentiation'. Results According to Yoon's research work on the Theory of 'Syndrome Differentiation', the system of syndrome differentiation, which had its deep root in the theory of Yin and Yang (陰陽) & the theory of abbreviation of the five circuit phases (五運) and the six atomspheric influences (六氣) of the "Huangdi's Internal Classic (黃帝內經)". Conclusions Yoon Gil-Young's theory of differentiation of syndromes and treatment is widespread so much that he studied on the learning field of Traditional Korean Mediciine and ingenious as well. He explain on the main principles of differentiation of syndromes based on "Huang Di Nei Jing" and the system of differentiation of syndromes is composed of Traditional Korean Medical Physiology.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2017

Background : Efforts towards increasing insurance coverage for traditional Korean medicine (TKM) are being continued. However, various difficulties are faced in generating evidence for TKM due to limited financial support and the low quality of research methodology. Objectives : The objectives of this study were to review the Swiss evaluation program for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and assess the expansion in public health insurance coverage of complementary medicine as approved by referendum in Switzerland. Methods : The regulations of CAM in the European Union were assessed. Research articles, reports, government publications and websites which deal with the 'Programm Evaluation $Komplement{\ddot{a}}rmedizin$ (PEK)' and the referendum in Switzerland were searched for and analyzed. Results : The PEK was conducted from 1998 to 2005. The PEK evaluated the efficacy, utilization and cost-effectiveness of anthroposophical medicine, homeopathy, neural therapy, phytotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine. However, clear conclusions could not be drawn from the evaluation according to the PEK Report. Later, a referendum was implemented in which 5 therapies would be added to the Switzerland Constitution with the support of the public. The coverage of CAM was approved by Swiss a plebiscite with an approval rate of 67.0%. Conclusions : The reason for the successful referendum is suggested to be public support and the solidarity with CAM experts and politicians. It may be surmised that recognition of the political efforts and scientific aspects required to expand insurance coverage of TKM, and towards obtaining public support, is necessary.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.83-99
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• 2011

Objective : To explore and describe coordinators' experiences in collaborative practices between the traditional Korean medicine doctors and the western medicine doctors. Methods : Five coordinators who agreed and completed the informed consent to take part in this qualitative study were interviewed thoroughly and tape-recorded. Transcribed data were analysed thematically with ground theory. Results : Most participants started their coordinating work without sufficient knowledge and systemic support. They, however, could find their identity as coordinators for collaborative practices through preparing manuals and protocols, providing comprehensive patients care, and experiencing the partnership with doctors. To coordinate Korean medicine and western medicine practices efficiently, participants have tried to enhance their professional knowledge and skills, and establish favorable networks. On the other hand, they were in dilemmas of being a multi-player and imbalance of responsibilities and powers in their jobs. Conclusions : It is recommended to clarify job description of coordinator for collaborative practices, develop training programme, and provide the institutional support for wider recognition of coordinator. Findings from this study should be considered in both Korean medicine-western medicine collaborative research and practice.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.17-41
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• 2005

Current Korean medical system is evaluated as inefficient and the government is planning a new medical development plan to provide guaranteed life-long medical service and more efficient medical system Korean medicine also needs to participate as the primary medical provider and strengthen public recognition. The needs for active participation are essential to prevent irrational medical policies and Korean medicine can exercise medical merits. When the doctors of Korean medicine are recognized as the primary medical provider, not only social rights are served but also provide medical service to less privileged sector of the society. This calls for the establishment of system for attending physician and public health doctor from Korean medicine. Another important issue is the establishment of public medical service at the government level. Doctors of Korean medicine should be posted at the national health center and other public hospitals. Revision of the current policies on Korean medicine must be made to yield concrete outcome of the public Korean medicine service as well as cooperation between the conventional allopathic medical community and the Korean medical community

• 대한응급의학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.437-448
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• 2018

Objective: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) requires time-dependent reperfusion therapy, and early recognition of AIS is important to patient outcomes. This study was conducted to identify the clinical features and risk factors of AIS patients that are missed during the early stages of diagnosis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed AIS patients admitted to a hospital through the emergency department. AIS patients were defined as ischemic stroke patients who visited the emergency department within 6 hours of symptom onset. Patients were classified into two groups: an activation group (A group), in which patients were identified as AIS and the stroke team was activated, and a non-activation group (NA group), for whom the stroke team was not activated. Results: The stroke team was activated for 213 of a total of 262 AIS patients (81.3%), while it was not activated for the remaining 49 (18.7%). The NA group was found to be younger, have lower initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, lower incidence of previous hypertension, and a greater incidence of cerebellum and cardio-embolic infarcts than the A group. The chief complaints in the A group were traditional stroke symptoms, side weakness (61.0%), and speech disturbance (17.8%), whereas the NA group had non-traditional symptoms, dizziness (32.7%), and decreased levels of consciousness (22.4%). Independent factors associated with missed stroke team activation were nystagmus, nausea/vomiting, dizziness, gait disturbance, and general weakness. Conclusion: A high index of AIS suspicion is required to identify such patients with these findings. Education on focused neurological examinations and the development of clinical decision tools that could differentiate non-stroke and stroke are needed.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.142-150
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• 2005

Purpose: This paper is a basic study aiming the establishment of Health theory according to korean culture. Especially planned to reveal the types of recognition on concepts of health in korean elderly. Methods: This study is using the Q-method, to collect rightly the concepts of objects in health. Results: This analysis shows us the 4 independent types of recognition about concepts of health in korean elderly as follows. Type Ⅰ: traditional & accommodational type, They positively agree to the concepts of health immanent in Shamanism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and folk customs. Type Ⅱ: modern & depedent type, They not only interpret concepts of health scientifically and modernly, but also positively accept the concepts of health in oriental medicine. Type Ⅲ: western medical & self-leading type, They interpret concepts of health scientifically and western-medically. Type Ⅳ: naturalistic & self-reliance type. They consider positively searching for well-being as health rather than simply situation devoid of diseases. Conclusions: All 4 types we can see that the fundamental concepts of health in korean elderly are complicated not only with mere western-medical concept of health, but also with concepts of health in oriental medicine, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Shamanism which represent the oriental view of world.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2003

Since 1990s, the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine(CAM) has been rising rapidly all of the world. In 1983, WHO recommended that the traditional medicine actively be utilized. At the end of 20th century, as chronic and intractable diseases increased in western countries, traditional medicine has attracted considerable attention. COWM shows possibilities of new approaches for these intractable diseases. Thus, we try to show our proper approach of COWM through the international comparative study. In order to fulfill the objectives, we applied the following methodology: 1) Literature review on previous study, 2) Local survey using self-administered questionnaire, and 3) FGI(Focus Group Interview) with local experts. The results were as follows : Three Asian countries, China, Korea and Taiwan, are very active in implementing COWM policy. Japan, however, has independent system of unified medicine. In regards to the combined care policy and system, China has the most advanced COWM system among four countries. In respect to combined care education, it is needed to increase the COWM education contents and the amount of cross educational curriculum. Based on the current COWM system, Chinese, Japanese and Taiwanese doctors can prescribe both oriental and western drugs. But, Korean medical law prohibits western doctors and oriental doctors from prescribing the counterpart´s medicine. So, the revision of current medical law is urgent for COWM in Korea. And when it comes to patient satisfaction, more than fifty percent responded positively in China, Korea and Taiwan. To achieve the goal of COWM ; 1) mutual understanding and recognition of COWM is essential. 2) institutional and legal support system for COWM is desperately urgent. 3) possible international collaboration and cooperation should be sought to untangle these complex cultural dilemmas.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2007

1. Objectives Sasang Contitutional Medicine, a part of the traditional Korean medical lore, treats illness through a constitutional typing system that categorizespeople into four constitutional types. A few of the important criteria for differentiating the constitutional types are external appearances, inner state of mind, and pathological patterns. We had been developing a 3D Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus (3D-AFRA) in order to evaluate the external appearances with more objectivity. This apparatus provides a 3D image and numerical data on facial configuration, and this study aims to evaluate the mechanical accuracy of the 3D-AFRA hardware. 2. Methods Several objects of different shapes (cube, cylinder, cone, pyramid) were each scanned 10 times using the 3D Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus (3D-AFRA). The results were then compared and analyzed with data retrieved through a laser scanner known for its high accuracy. The error rates were analyzed for each grid point of facial contour scanned with Rapidform2006 (Rapidform2006 is a 3D scanning software that collects grid point data for contours of various products and products and product parts through 3D scanners and other 3D measuring devices; the grid point data thusly acquired is then used to reconstruct highly precise polygon and curvature models). 3. Results and Conclusions The average error rate was 0.22mm for the cube, 0.22mm for the cylinder, 0.125mm for the cone, and 0.172mm for the pyramid. The visual data comparing error rates for measurement figures retrieved with Rapidform2006 is shown in $Fig.3{\sim}Fig.6$. Blue tendency indicates smaller error rates, while red indicates greater error rates The protruding corners of the cube display red, indicating greater error rates. The cylinder shows greater error rates on the edges. The pyramid displays greater error rates on the base surface and around the vertex. The cone also shows greater error around the protruding edge.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2007

In the Study of Poem in Health-Preservation, the results were as follows : Though poetry as therapy is a relatively new development in the expressive arts, it is as old as the first chants sung around the tribal fires of primitive peoples. For many centuries the link between poetry and medicine remained obscure. The chant/song/poem is what heals the heart and soul and is used for health-Preservation and the well-being. Poetry Therapy began to flourish in the hands of professional in various disciplines, including rehabilitation, education, library science, recreation, and the creative arts. Mental health professional were exploring the therapeutic value of literary materials, especially of poetry. Their contribution to the emerging discipline was two-fold : 1) emphasis on the evocative value of literature, particularly poetry; and 2) recognition of the beneficial potential of having clients write either their response to poems written by others or original material, drawing on the clients' own experiences and emotions. Especially in Oriental Medicine, the therapy is based on controlling of Mind(心). And it is in harmony with Qi-circulation(氣-循環), so smoothing the circulation of meridians, strengthened Essential-material(精), Qi(氣), Sprit(神).