• 지질공학
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.173-191
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• 2024

Landslides pose significant threats to many countries globally, yet the development and implementation of effective landslide early warning systems (LEWS) remain challenging due to multifaceted complexities spanning scientific, technological, and political domains. Addressing these challenges demands a holistic approach. Technologically, integrating thresholds, such as rainfall thresholds, with real-time data within accessible, open-source software stands as a promising solution for LEWS. This article introduces LandScient_EWS, a PHP-based program tailored to address this need. The software facilitates the comparison of real-time measured data, such as rainfall, with predefined landslide thresholds, enabling precise calculations and graphical representation of real-time landslide advisory levels across diverse spatial scales, including regional, basin, and hillslope levels. To illustrate its efficacy, the program was applied to a case study in Medellin, Colombia, where a rainfall event on August 26, 2008, triggered a shallow landslide. Through pre-defined rainfall intensity and duration thresholds, the software simulated advisory levels during the recorded rainfall event, utilizing data from a rain gauge positioned within a small watershed and a single grid cell (representing a hillslope) within that watershed. By identifying critical conditions that may lead to landslides in real-time scenarios, LandScient_EWS offers a new paradigm for assessing and responding to landslide hazards, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of LEWS. The findings underscore the software's potential to streamline the integration of rainfall thresholds into both existing and future landslide early warning systems.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.478-489
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• 2014

Recently, flood damage by frequent localized downpours in cities are on the increase on account of abnormal climate phenomena and growth of impermeable area by urbanization. In this study, we are focused on flooding on roads which is the basis of all means of transportation. To calculate real-time accumulated rainfall on a road link, we use the Coefficient of Correlation Weighting method (CCW) which is one of the revised methods of missing rainfall as we consider a road link as a unobserved rainfall site. CCW and real-time accumulated rainfall entered through the Internet are used to estimate the real-time rainfall on a road link. Together with the real-time accumulated rainfall, flooding history, rainfall range causing flooding of a road link and frequency probability precipitation for road design are used as factors to determine the Flood Risk Index on roads. We simulated two cases in the past, July, 7th, 2009 and July, 15th, 2012 in Busan. As a result, all of road links included in the actual flooded roads at that time got the high level of flood risk index.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.385-397
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• 2012

격자 기반의 물리적 분포형 모형은 유역의 물리적 매개변수와 격자 형식의 공간 및 수문자료를 이용해서 유출해석을 수행한다. 본 연구에서는 격자 기반의 물리적 분포형 강우-유출 모형인 GRM(Grid based Rainfall-runoff Model)의 실시간 유출해석 모듈인 GRM RT(Real Time)를 이용해서 실시간 유출해석 시스템을 개발하였다. 실시간으로 수신되는 기상레이더 자료를 기상청의 실시간 AWS 자료를 이용하여 보정한 후 유출해석에 적용하며, 수위관측소 자료로부터 생성되는 유량자료를 이용해서 유출모형을 실시간 보정한다. 본 연구에서는 실시간 유출해석 시스템 구축을 위해서 필요한 데이터베이스를 설계 및 구현하였으며, 분포형 모형과 레이더 자료를 이용한 실시간 유출해석 절차를 정립하였다. 또한 개발된 시스템의 성능을 평가하고 실시간 모형보정에 대한 적용성을 평가하였다. 소양강댐 상류에 위치한 내린천 수위관측소 유역을 대상으로 실시간 유출해석 시스템을 적용하고 그 결과를 평가하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2023

This study aims to establish the correlations between variables related to a slope during rainfall and factor of safety (FOS) and displacement using a coupling analysis method that is designed to consider both in rainfall conditions. With the recent development of measurement technologies, the approach of using the measurement data in the field has become easier. Particularly, they have been obtained in tests to determine the real-time safety and movement of a slope; however, a specific method has not been finalized. In addition, collected measurement data for recognizing the FOS and displacement in real-time with a specific relevance is difficult, and risks of uncertainty, such as in soil parameters and time, exist. In this study, the correlations between various slope-related variables (i.e., rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, angle of the slope, and mechanical properties including strength parameters of selected three types of soil; loamy sand, silt loam, sand) and the FOS and displacement are analyzed in order of seepage analysis, slope stability analysis and slope displacement analysis. Moreover, the methodology of coupling analysis is verified and a fundamental understanding of the factors that need to be considered in real-time observations is gained. The results show that the contributions of the abovementioned variables vary according to the soil type. Thus, the tendency of the displacement also differs by the soil type and variables but not same tendency with FOS. The friction angle and cohesion are negative while the rainfall duration and rainfall intensity are positive with the displacement. This suggests that understanding their correlations is necessary to determine the safety of a slope in real-time using displacement data. Additionally, databases considering rainfall conditions and a wide range of soil characteristics, including hydraulic and mechanical parameters, should be accumulated.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.253-262
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• 2010

In this study, localized heavy rainfall occurred during the collapse of steep slopes adjacent to the construction site and to ensure the safety of residents to build an early warning system was performed. Forecast/Alert range was estimated based on vulnerability landslide map and past disaster history. And established a critical line in consideration of the characteristics of local rainfall and operating a snake line, the study calculated causing and non-causing points. Also, be measured in real-time analysis of rainfall data in conjunction with the system before the steep slope failure occurred forecast/Alert System is presented.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.643-646
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• 2006

An operational calibration is applied to improve radar rainfall intensity using rainfall obtained from rain gauge. The method is applied under the assumption of the temporal continuity of rainfall, the rainfall intensity from rain gauge is linearly related to that from radar. The method is applied to the cases of typhoon and rain band using the reflectivity of CAPPI at 1.5km obtained from Jindo radar. The CAPPI is obtained by bilinear interpolation. For the two cases, the rainfall intensities obtained by operational calibration are very consistent with the ones by the rain gauges. The present study shows that the correlation between the rainfall intensity by operational calibration and rain gauges is better than the one between the rainfall intensity by M-P relationship and rain gauges. The correlation coefficients between the total rainfall intensity obtained by operational calibration and rain gauges in typhoon and rain band cases are 0.99 and 0.97, respectively. Areal rainfalls are estimated using the field of calibration factor interpolated by Barnes objective analysis. The method applied here shows an improvement in the areal rainfall estimation. For the cases of typhoon and rain band, the correlation between the areal rainfall by operational calibration and rain gauges is better than the one between the area rainfall by M-P relationship and rain gauges. The correlation coefficients between the areal rainfall obtained by operational calibration and rain gauges in typhoon and rain band cases are 0.97 and 0.84, respectively. The present study suggests that the operational calibration is very useful for the real-time estimation of rainfall intensity and areal rainfall.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.465-474
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• 2010

Real-time rainfall monitoring is of great practical importance over the highly populated Indochina area, which is prone to natural disasters, in particular in association with rainfall. With the goal of d etermining near real-time half-hourlyrain estimates from satellite, the three-layer, artificial neural networks (ANN) approach was used to train the brightness temperatures at 6.7, 11, and $12-{\mu}m$ channels of the Japanese geostationary satellite MTSAT against passive microwavebased rain rates from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) data for the June-September 2005 period. The developed model was applied to the MTSAT data for the June-September 2006 period. The results demonstrate that the developed algorithm is comparable to the PERSIANN (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks) results and can be used for flood monitoring across the Indochina area on a half-hourly time scale.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.259-270
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 다방향 흐름 분배 알고리듬과 실시간 유출 보정 알고리듬을 이용하여 개발한 분포형 강우 유출모형의 실제 유역에 대한 적용성을 평가하였다. 안동댐과 남강댐 유역에 대해 각각 우량계 관측자료와 레이더 관측 우량자료를 이용하여 분포형 강우-유출 모의를 수행하였다. 이전의 호우사상에 대한 유역 매개변수 보정 실시 후 보정된 매개변수를 이용하여 다른 호우사상에 대해 모형을 적용하였다. 안동댐 유역에 대해 흐름 군집화 결과를 제시함으로써 다방향 흐름 분배 알고리듬의 흐름추적에 대한 물리적 타당성을 입증하였다. 다방향 흐름 분배 알고리듬을 이용하여 정확도를 유지하면서 계산소요시간 단축이 이루어졌으며 실시간 유출 보정 알고리듬의 적용을 통해 좀 더 향상된 정확도를 갖는 결과가 도출되었다. 본 연구에서 개선된 유역 홍수관리를 위한 분포형 강우 유출 모형의 활용가능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제54권12호
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• pp.1329-1338
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• 2021

강우레이더는 시공간적으로 높은 해상도의 레이더 강우를 제공하고 있으며, 이러한 레이더 강우는 초단기 예측 강우 모형의 입력자료로 활용 될 수 있다. 한국건설기술연구원은 레이더 강우로부터 추정된 초단기 예측 강우 자료를 활용하여 돌발홍수 예측 정보를 실시간으로 제공할 수 있는 돌발홍수 예측시스템을 개발하였다. 그러나 레이더 편파변수에 오차가 존재하는 경우 레이더 강우의 정확도는 낮게 나타날 수밖에 없으며, 이에 따라 초단기 예측 강우 자료의 정확도 역시도 낮게 나타날 수밖에 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 레이더 강우의 정확도를 실시간으로 향상시키기 위해 레이더 편파변수 오차를 실시간으로 보정하는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 비슬산 레이더의 과거 363개의 강우사례에 편파변수 편의 보정에 따른 효과를 비실시간으로 검증하였다. 그 결과 편파변수의 오차 보정 시 레이더 강우의 정확도(1-NE) 수준은 약 70% 내외의 수준으로 나타났으며 상관계수는 0.8 이상으로 나타났다. 또한 실시간 편파변수 오차 보정 프로그램을 수행한 결과에서도 레이더 강우의 정확도(1-NE)를 약 70% 내외의 수준까지 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2020

산업 기술이 발달함에 따라 편리함을 추구하게 되면서 교통수단 역시 발달하고 있다. 대도시에 거주하는 많은 사람들은 버스, 택시, 자가용 등의 교통수단을 이용하여 출퇴근을 하고 있고 여가를 즐기므로 이동시 발생하는 교통사고의 피해를 줄이기 위한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 실시간으로 도로단위 강우량을 추정하는 법을 다루고 있다. 이를 위해 기상청에서 제공하는 강우 관측 자료와 강우 레이더자료를 실시간으로 수집하여 통합 데이터베이스를 만들고 이를 크리깅 방법을 통해 도로단위 강우량으로 추정하였다. 이 외에도 도로의 실시간 교통소통정보도 강우정보와 융합하여 인터렉티브하게 시각화하는 연구를 수행하였다.