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A Study on Math anxiety according to the features of brain preference (좌우뇌선호도에 따른 수학불안에 관한 연구)

  • Shim, Seul-Ki;Lee, Kwang-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.443-458
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    • 2010
  • This study is about how differ math anxiety according to the features of brain preference. In order to solve questions, BPI test and math anxiety test were done to high school students in the second grade. The test sheets were analyzed by ANOVA and MANOVA using SPSS 14.0. The result was found out that math anxiety was high in the order of left-brain preferences, both-brain preferences, and right-brain preferences. High level of math anxiety among students with right-brain preferences seem to be influenced by the right brain which prefers emotional features. Therefore, students need to stimulate their left brain by writing and reading something a lot when they solve math questions. Also, teachers can lessen math anxiety of students by give them opportunities to solve step-by-step questions, using various visual teaching materials promoting students' reasoning ability which can help them solve questions in a systematic and analytic way.

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Exploring the molecular characteristics, detoxification functions, and immune responses of two glutathione S-transferases in redlip mullet (Liza haematochelia)

  • Jeongeun Kim;Welivitiye Kankanamge Malithi Omeka;Qiang Wan;Jehee Lee
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.314-328
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    • 2024
  • The mechanism for the elimination of xenobiotics undergoes three different phases of reactions in organisms. Among these, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are classified as phase II detoxification enzymes, catalyzing the conjugation of electrophilic substrates to glutathione or reduced hydroperoxides. This study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics, detoxification functions, and immune responses of GST omega (LhGSTO1) and kappa (LhGSTK1) in redlip mullet. The open reading frames of LhGSTO1 (720 bp) and LhGSTK1 (687 bp) encoded proteins of 239 and 228 amino acids, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that LhGSTO1 and LhGSTK1 possessed GSH-binding sites in their N-terminal domains. Substrate-binding sites in the C-terminal domain were exclusively identified in LhGSTO1. In the tissue-specific transcription profile analysis, both LhGSTO1 and LhGSTK1 were ubiquitously expressed in all tissues of healthy mullets. Temporal expression analysis of LhGSTO1 and LhGSTK1 in the blood showed that their expression was significantly modulated by polyinosinic:polycytidylic (poly I:C), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and Lactococcus garvieae. Different chemical and cellular assays were performed to assess the detoxification and cellular protective abilities of the two proteins. A substrate specificity test using the recombinant proteins revealed that both proteins possessed specific activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). In the disk diffusion assay, the smallest clearance zones were observed for LhGSTO1 and LGSTK1 against CdCl2. In the cell protection assay, both LhGSTO1 and LhGSTK1 showed significant Cd detoxification ability compared to the control. Collectively, these results demonstrate that GST omega and kappa are involved in host defense against immune stimulants and xenobiotics in redlip mullet.

The Relationship between Scientific Content Knowledge and Scientific Creativity of Science-Gifted Elementary Students - Focusing on the Subject of Biology - (초등과학영재학생의 과학지식과 과학창의성의 관계 - 생명 영역을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Hyun-Ju;Kim, Min-Ju;Lim, Chaeseong
    • Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.382-398
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    • 2020
  • This study aims to analyze the relationship between scientific content knowledge of science-gifted elementary students and their expression of scientific creativity, and the characteristics of divided groups according to the levels of their scientific content knowledge and scientific creativity. A science-gifted program was implemented to 33 forth-graders in the Science-Gifted Education Center of an education office in Seoul, Korea. The method of evaluating scientific knowledge was divided into well-structured paper-pencil test (asking specific and limited range of content knowledge of plants) and ill-structured descriptive test (stating all the knowledge they know about plants) to find out which methods were more related to scientific creativity. In addition, in order to find out the characteristics of each group according to the level of scientific content knowledge and scientific creativity, students were required to answer a questionnaire about their own self-perception of scientific knowledge and scientific creativity and how to obtain scientific knowledge. The main results of this study are as follows. First, Both well-structured paper-pencil test (r=.38) and ill-structured descriptive test (r=.51) results of elementary science gifted students were significantly correlated with scientific creativity. Second, As a result of the regression analysis on scientific creativity of science-gifted elementary students, both the knowledge measured by the two evaluation methods have the ability to explain scientific creativity. Third, the students were categorized into four groups according to the levels of their scientific content knowledge and their expression of scientific creativity, and the result showed that the higher the knowledge of science, the higher the scientific creativity. Fourth, the description about self-perception of scientific knowledge revealed that the highest percentage of Type LL students of all 13 students (53.8%, 7 students) answered 'I have little knowledge of plants because I have little interest in them.' Fifth, the description about self-perception of scientific knowledge revealed that the highest percentage of Type HH students of all 15 students (40%, 6 students) answered 'I think my science creativity is high through my experience of scientific creativity. Sixth, the responses to the Questionnaire revealed that 'reading' was the most popular way to obtain scientific knowledge, with 27 out of total 33 students choosing it. In particular, all 18 students from Type HH (high scientific knowledge and high scientific creativity) and Type HL (high scientific knowledge and low scientific creativity) - those with high scientific knowledge - gave that response. On the basis of this research, we should explore practical teaching methods and environment for gifted students to improve their scientific creativity by revealing the nature of the factors that affect scientific creativity and analyzing relationship between knowledge and scientific creativity.

A Study on the Effects of Read Along by Google with Primary ELLs' Pronunciation and Affective Domains (구글 Read Along 앱 활용이 초등영어학습자의 발음과 정의적 영역에 미치는 효과)

  • Yoon, Tecnam
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.22 no.10
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    • pp.437-444
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Read Along by Google with primary English learners' pronunciation and affective domains. In order to answer these two questions, a 4-week pilot study was conducted with 24 participants in the 6 th grade. Read Along as a main learning tool was utilized for a reading-aloud activity, and a pre-/post pronunciation test and survey on the affective factors were distributed as a research instrument. The results indicated that a read-aloud activity with Read Along brought a positive impact on the development of learners' pronunciation ability in terms of accuracy and fluency. Participants showed improvement in the post-pronunciation test, compared to the pre-one and there was a significant difference based on the result of the paired samples t-test. Next, the results of the survey on the affective domains illustrated that participants showed overall improvement in learning interest and confidence and there was a significant difference in these factors. Yet, there was not a significant difference in the learning attitude, even though they showed partial improvement.

Modulation of Escherichia coli RNase E. Action by RraAS2, a Streptomyces coelicolor Ortholog of RraA (Streptomyces coelicolor의 RraA 동족체인 RraAS2에 의한 Escherichia coli RNase E 활성조절)

  • Ahn, Sang-Mi;Shin, Eun-Kyoung;Yeom, Ji-Hyun;Lee, Kang-Seok
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.93-97
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    • 2008
  • RraA is a recently discovered protein inhibitor that regulates the enzymatic activity of RNase E, which plays a major role in the decay and processing of RNAs in Escherichia coli. It has also been shown to regulate the activity of RNase ES, a functional Streptomyces coelicolor ortholog of RNase E, which has 36% identity to the amino-terminal region of RNase E. There are two open reading frames in S. coelicolor genome that can potentially encode proteins having more than 35.4% similarity to the amino acid sequence of RraA. DNA fragment encoding one of these RraA orthologs, designated as RraAS2 here, was amplified and cloned in to E. coli vector to test whether it has ability to regulate RNase E activity in E. coli cells. Co-expression of RraAS2 partially rescued E. coli cells over-producing RNase E from growth arrest, although not as efficiently as RraA, induced by the increased ribonucleolytic activity in the cells. The copy number of ColEl-type plasmid in these cells was also decreased by 14% compared to that in cells over-producing RNase E only, indicating the ability of RraAS2 to inhibit RNase E action on RNA I. We observed that the expression level of RraAS2 was lower than that of RraA by 4.2 folds under the same culture condition, suggesting that because of inefficient expression of RraAS2 in E. coli cells, co-expression of RraAS2 was not efficiently able to inhibit RNase E activity to the level for proper processing and decay of all RNA species that is required to restore normal cellular growth to the cells over-producing RNase E.

An Inquiry into the U. S. Elementary School Teachers' Science Teaching Storylines (미국 초등교사의 과학교수에 대한 스토리라인 탐색)

  • Kim, Dong-Ryeul
    • Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.402-415
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    • 2018
  • This study aims to inquire into the U. S. elementary school teachers' storylines for science teaching methods, scientific knowledge and interactions with students. As research subjects, two American elementary school teachers, named Christina and Melissa, were selected. As test tools, this study adopted Storyline Test and semi-structured interviews. Firstly, in regard to the science teaching method, Christina evaluated that she gradually improved her science teaching skills up to positive 6 points, starting from 2 points in the first year of teaching career, while Melissa sustained a stable state with 5 points in the 9th year of teaching career, starting from 1 point in the first year of teaching career. It was found that both the teachers had more confidence in their science teaching methods by participating in various training programs. Secondly, Christina evaluated her scientific knowledge in the first year of teaching career as 4 points, but evaluated her present scientific knowledge as stable as 6 points since she started studying teaching materials actively, discussing with other teachers and having more ability of application through science class integrated with other school subjects, in the 7th year of her teaching career. On the other hand, Melissa evaluated her scientific knowledge in the first year of teaching career as 1 point since she did not exactly know what to teach elementary school students, but in the 6th year of teaching career, she sustained a stable state with points through joint-activities with other teachers. It was found that chances to research with other teachers had important effect on both the teachers' confidence in scientific knowledge. Thirdly, in regard to interactions with students in science class, Christina said that she did not have any interaction with students when instructing inquiry activities in the first year of teaching career, but since the 10th year of her teaching career, she had sustained a stable state with 6 points through active interaction with students, by leading learning projects and science competitive exhibitions, etc. On the other hand, Melissa evaluated her interaction with students in the first year of teaching career as 1 point because her class was reading-oriented, but since the 9th year of teaching career, she had sustained a stable state with 6 points so far, by developing inquiry activity strategies to improve interaction with students. Overall, it was found that inquiry activities played a central role in improving both the teachers' interaction with students.

NDP Kinases Suppressed Bax-Dependent Apoptosis in Yeast System

  • K. C. Hwang;D. W. Ok;D. N. Kwon;H. K. Shin;Kim, J. H.
    • Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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    • 2001.03a
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    • pp.52-52
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    • 2001
  • Many nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinases are ubiquitous enzymes responsible for the exchange of ${\gamma}$-phosphates between tri- and diphosphonucleosides. The catalytic Many nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinases are ubiquitous enzymes responsible for the exchange of ${\gamma}$-phosphates between tri- and diphosphonucleosides. The catalytic reaction follows a ping-pong mechanism in which the enzyme is transiently phosphorylated on a histidine residue conserved in all nucleoside diphosphate kinases. Beside their role in nucleotide synthesis, these enzymes present additional functions, possibly independent of catalysis, in processes such as differentiation, cell growth, tumor progression, metastasis and development. To clone murine nm23-M5, several expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of the GenBank data base, selected according to their homology to nm23-H5 cDNA, reconstituted a complete open reading frame (GenBank AF222750). To test whether murine NDPKs (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) can inhibit Bax-mediated toxicity in yeast, co-transformation was performed respectively. The yeast S.cerevisiae was transformed with a copy expression plasmid containing the histidine selection marker and expressing murine Bax under the control of a galactose-inducible promoter. Several clones were selected and found to be growth inhibited when Bax expression was induced with galactose. A representative clone was transformed again with a copy expression plasmid containing the tryptophane selection marker and expressing either murine Bcl-xL or NDPK under the control of a galactose-inducible promoter. Several subclones of the double-transformants were selected and characterized. The ability of Bcl-xL and NDPKs to suppress Bax-mediated toxicity was determined by growing yeast cells overnight in galactose media and spot-testing on galactose plates starting with an equal number of yeast cells as determined by taking the OD$_{600}$. Ten-fold serial dilutions were used in the spot-test. Plates were grown at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 2-3 days. All murine NDPKs suppressed Bax dependent apoptosis. Futher study will be peformed whether Bax-toxicity inhibition was caused by NDP kinase activity or additional function.n.

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A Case Study(II) on Development and Application of 'Literature-Art-Science' Integrated Education Programs ('문학-미술-과학' 융합교육 프로그램의 개발 및 적용 사례 연구(II))

  • Choi, Byung Kil
    • Korea Science and Art Forum
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    • v.32
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    • pp.319-334
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    • 2018
  • This research is a case study to make sure the enhancement of students' imagination and creativity through developing and applying the Literature-Art-Science Integrated Education Program. Its research object was totally 25 persons of 29 students of the 1st to the 4 th Grades from Gunsan Sulsan Elementary School. Its research period lasted for 4 months from September to December, 2017, and I, as the research place, used the art room at Gunsan Sulsan Elementary School. The programs were totally 10 sessions with a unit of 1 session per each grade for 2 hours from 1:00 to 3:00 in the afternoon from Monday through Friday. I fixed ten themes of this program-eight plane modeling, and two solid modeling, and finished the work of storytelling during summer vacation. And I arranged their levels as low:middle:high(3:5:2) ones. The former was 'A Film of Monster Gorilla'(L), 'Learning the Spirit of Gyeongju Choi's Family'(M), 'A Tale of My Friend Made of Natural Materials'(L), 'The Reading of My Dream'(M), 'Gathering the Objects in My Mobile'(M), 'A Mock Trial of Marrying Off'(M), 'Painting My Favorite Children's Poem'(H), and 'Painting My Favorite Children's Song'(H), and the latter was 'Seeking for a Bluebird in My Mind'(L), and 'Making My Cherished Object' (M). Then I used the unique art expression technique per each theme, which were in sequence marbling, Korean paper art, combine painting, collage, imaginary painting, imaginary painting, play dough art, imaginary painting techniques. And I delivered to the students the scientific knowledge in terms of growing or manufacturing processes of materials used for making artworks. Prior to and after the processing this program, I surveyed about the students' ability of integrated thinking and emotional experience by 'Figure B Type' and 'Figure A Type' of The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, and took statistics with the resultant data. And I executed a paired t-test in order to verify the significance of mean difference in the result of investigation with those data. From the analyzed result according to the elements of creativity and the mean quotients of creativity, there showed a significant difference (t=3.47, p<.01) in 'fluency', and also a significant difference(t=3.59, p<.01) in 'creativity.' Judging from the statistic values of two fields such as the student's ability of integrated thinking and emotional experience, I estimate that over the majority of the students showed the enhancement in self-confident creative expression as well as higher interest and concern through this program. The result that I arranged and analyzed the making process of artworks, the photos of the resultant, etc. as such is as follows : Firstly, from this program being proceeded as art-centered STEAM class, the student's systematic problem-solving ability was improved in his ability of integrated thinking to transform the literary contents into artistic one. Secondly, the student obtained the emotional experience such as interest in the class, self-confidence, intellectual satisfaction, self-fulfillment, etc. through art-centered STEAM class using ten art expression techniques. Thirdly, the student's mind willing to cooperate, communicate with his friends, and care for them was ripened in the process of problem-solving. Fourth, the student's self-confidence was further instilled when presenting famous artists and their artworks in the introduction and finale of ten art expression techniques. Likewise, the statistic values on the fields of student's ability of integrated thinking and emotional experience illustrate that over the majority of the students showed improvement in the ability of creative expression with confidence as well as higher interest and concern upon this program.

A Study on Threshold Voltage Degradation by Loss Effect of Trapped Charge in IPD Layer for Program Saturation in a MLC NAND Flash Memory (멀티레벨 낸드 플래쉬 메모리 프로그램 포화 영역에서의 IPD 층에 트랩된 전하의 손실 효과에 의한 문턱 전압 저하 특성에 대한 연구)

  • Choi, Chae-Hyoung;Choi, Deuk-Sung;Jeong, Seung-Hyun
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.47-52
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    • 2017
  • This research scrutinizes the data retention characteristics of the MLC NAND Flash Memory instigated by the loss effect of trapped charge when the memory is in the state of program saturation. It is attributed to the threshold voltage saturation phenomenon which engenders an interruption to the linear increase of the voltage in the memory cell. This phenomenon is occasioned by the outflow of the trapped charge from the floating gate to the control gate, which has been programmed by the ISPP (Incremental Step Pulse Programming), via Inter-Poly Dielectric (IPD). This study stipulates the significant degradation of thermal retention characteristics of threshold voltage in the saturation region in contrast to the ones in the linear region. Thus the current study evaluates the data retention characteristics of voltage after the program with a repeated reading test in various measurement conditions. The loss effect of trapped charge is found in the IPD layer located between the floating gate and the control gate especially in the nitride layer of the IPD. After the thermal stress, the trapped charge is de-trapped and displays the impediment of the characteristic of reliability. To increase the threshold saturation voltage in the NAND Flash Memory, the storage ability of the charge in the floating gate must be enhanced with a well-thought-out designing of the module in the IPD layer.

An Experimental Discussion of Using Chaekmun in the Field of Politics (책문(策文)의 정치적 활용성에 관한 시론 - 정조시대 이가환의 「소하대기미앙궁론(蕭何大起未央宮論)」 분석을 중심으로 -)

  • Baek, Jin-woo
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.57
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    • pp.359-382
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    • 2014
  • This paper is an essay on Chaekmun(Answer papers of official examination in Pre-modern period). Especially I tried to point out the possibility of practical use in the field of politics. For this purpose, I analyzed an examination paper written by Lee Ga-hwan, and the title is "a debate about construction of the Miang palace". Exquisite writing skill is also important in Chaekmun, but it is not everything. The subject of Chaekmun concerns various fields such like politics, economy, society, culture, and history. So that writers should have sufficient knowledge and opinion. The King, as an examiner, wants to test retainers' ability both in writing and politics. In this paper, I focused on using in field of politics between the King and the retainers. And as an good example, I analyzed a paper which dealt the event of building huge palace named Miang palace. That is because the King reflects his concerns by setting exam questions. And his concerns also could not be free of contemporary political conditions. Therefore we should be careful of reading those articles. Regarding this, Lee Ga-hwan's article had a distinctive characteristic. Unlike any other articles dealing with same event, he tried to access through creative point of view. And his thought were much close to the King's heart.