• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.46
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• pp.85-112
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• 2017

Donald Trump, the $45^{th}$ president of the United States, has revived the 'English Only' policy since the beginning of his presidential campaign. The monolingualism not only underscores his extremely conservative ideas, but it also reflects the nativist tendency that prevents the demographic and cultural transformation of the US, which is accelerated by globalization and transnational migration. In particular, Donald Trump tries to reconfirm the mainstream American culture that is now thought to have been threatened by Hispanization and the growing number of Spanish speakers. This paper examines the effects of "code-switching" and the possibility of a bilingual community by contrasting Donald Trump with Gloria $Anzald{\acute{u}}a$, one of the representative Latina writers who created a "border language." Borderlands/La Frontera (1987) includes Spanish glossaries and expressions to represent her bilingual realities, while attempting to translate from English to Spanish, and vice versa. However, the text occasionally demonstrates the impossibility of translation. In doing so, $Anzald{\acute{u}}a$ indirectly states that it is indispensable to present both languages at the stage; she also invites monolingual readers to make more efforts to learn and better understand the Other's language. A "border language" she attempts to embody throughout the text is created in the process of encounters, conflicts, and negotiations among languages of different ethnicities, classes and generations. It does not signify an established form: rather it appears as a constantly transforming language, which can provide us with new perspectives and an alternative way of communication beyond monolingualism.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.7
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• pp.37-74
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• 2003

An Old document(Diploma) is a historical and unique record, so it must be collected, arranged, and preserved for research as soon as possible. Especially, for the effective use of the Old Document(Diploma), it is needed to arrange and describe the material systematically on the ground of modern archival theory. The Kyujanggak Archives in the Seoul National University has published 23 volumes of Old document(Diploma) material Old Document(Diploma). But they seem to cause the readers inconvenience, because the materials are classified and gathered only by genre, the titles or the orders of the materials are not standardized, and there is no description about the content of each Old document(Diploma). Jangseo-gak Library in The Academy of Korean Studies has also published the series of Old document(Diploma) material Old Document(Diploma) Collection. However the case is not different, since they are all mixed up with materials classified and gathered by genre, family, academy, or local school. And a great part of the materials have no titles and no description about the content of each Old document(Diploma), either. About the arrangement and description of the records, European and American archival science has established the theory of l)the principle of provenance, 2)the principle of original order, 3)levels of control, 4)collective description. These theories are valuable for the effective use of Old document(Diploma). On the viewpoint of the principle of provenance, Old document(Diploma) materials should not be classified by subject and genre, but by family and person. Then, the Old document(Diploma) materials, after collected by the unit of family or person on the viewpoint of the principle of provenance, should be arranged in their original order for more detailed arrangement and furthermore, for the work to find their relationship. This is so called the principle of original order. The hierarchical management of the Old document(Diploma) materials, for example, classifying by record group, sub-group, series, item and so on, is the concept of the levels of control, and comprehensive description of the each hierarchical structure is the concept of the collective description. Let's apply these archival theories to 34 pieces of the Chung, Man-Seok's material in the series of Old document(Diploma) material Old Document(Diploma). First, collect the Old document(Diploma) materials into Chung, Man-Seok's collection(the principle of provenance), which were scattered in the series classified by genre. Secondly, rearrange them chronologically(the principle of original order), and then we can find the comprehensive information about Chung, Man-Seok. For the hierarchical management of the Old document(Diploma) materials, we should establish a few concepts from the general, large group to specific, small item. The concepts can be organized as following; l)record group(Chung, Man-Seok record group) - 2)sub-group(personnel document, property document, family document, social activity document, political activity document, etc) - 3)series(gyoji-series, gyoseo-series, yuji-series etc. in the personnel document) - 4)folder(document with additions) - 5)item(one document). According to the the theory of the collective description, in the level of record group, there should be a collective description of Chung, Man-Seok's biography or a summary of record group. Similarly, there should be a collective description of a summary of sub-group in the level of sub-group and a summary of series in the level of series.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2019

After liberation, several literary groups with the nature of the national culture movement joined in Japan in January 1948 to form the Korean-Japanese Joseon Literary Society. However, the Korean-Japanese Joseon Literary Society was unable to play an active role due to the suppression of the GHQ and gathered again as the Korean War Armistice Agreement was concluded in 1953. The institutional journal of the 'Korean-Japanese Joseon Literary Society' is published by changing the magazine name to "Munhakbo" in Japanese and "Joseon Literature", "Joseon Literature and Arts" in Korean. The national movement group of Korean residents in Japan and literature groups were reorganized in conjunction with the political situation in Japan and the Korean peninsula. The reunion of 'Korean-Japanese Joseon Literary Society' was also based on the appearance of 'Jochongnyeon (pro-Pyeongyang federation of Korean residents in Japan)' and 'conversion of line'. In this paper, we are to fill up the blank of the research on literature of Korean residents in Japan in the 1950s by identifying the reality of conflict between 'Jochongnyeon' and 'Mindan', meaning of 'Korean Writing' Movement as a subject of national movement and the issue of promoting self-esteem as a 'citizen of the Republic' that 'Korean-Japanese Joseon Literary Society' tried to convey to Korean readers in Japan.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.203-215
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• 2019

This study was conducted to identify the utilization of public health centers, as well as the individual characteristics and regional characteristics that affect their utilization based on data from the 2016 Community Health Survey, National Statistical Portal, and National Institute of Environmental Research. Independent samples t-tests, variance analysis, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used for analysis. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyze individual and regional characteristics. The results of hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that aged regions, women, older age individuals, respondents with lower education level and income level, walking practitioners, nutrition label readers, individuals experiencing depression, those who have received health checkups, those who are not covered by essential care, those who have spouses, and basic livelihood beneficiaries have increased use of public health centers. However, the use of public health centers decreased in stressors, and regions in which the population per 1,000, number of health care workers, health and welfare budget, fiscal independence, and unemployment rate were above the national average. As above, the central government and local governments need to analyze not only individual characteristics such as health behavior and psychological factors, but also regional characteristics, when establishing local health care policy.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.179-201
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• 2019

Portable low-cost magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems have the potential to enable "point-of-care" and timely MRI diagnosis, and to make this imaging modality available to routine scans and to people in underdeveloped countries and areas. With simplicity, no maintenance, no power consumption, and low cost, permanent magnets/magnet arrays/magnet assemblies are attractive to be used as a source of static magnetic field to realize the portability and to lower the cost for an MRI scanner. However, when taking the canonical Fourier imaging approach and using linear gradient fields, homogeneous fields are required in a scanner, resulting in the facts that either a bulky magnet/magnet array is needed, or the imaging volume is too small to image an organ if the magnet/magnet array is scaled down to a portable size. Recently, with the progress on image reconstruction based on non-linear gradient field, static field patterns without spatial linearity can be used as spatial encoding magnetic fields (SEMs) to encode MRI signals for imaging. As a result, the requirements for the homogeneity of the static field can be relaxed, which allows permanent magnets/magnet arrays with reduced sizes, reduced weight to image a bigger volume covering organs such as a head. It offers opportunities of constructing a truly portable low-cost MRI scanner. For this exciting potential application, permanent magnets/magnet arrays have attracted increased attention recently. A magnet/magnet array is strongly associated with the imaging volume of an MRI scanner, image reconstruction methods, and RF excitation and RF coils, etc. through field patterns and field homogeneity. This paper offers a review of permanent magnets and magnet arrays of different kinds, especially those that can be used for spatial encoding towards the development of a portable and low-cost MRI system. It is aimed to familiarize the readers with relevant knowledge, literature, and the latest updates of the development on permanent magnets and magnet arrays for MRI. Perspectives on and challenges of using a permanent magnet/magnet array to supply a patterned static magnetic field, which does not have spatial linearity nor high field homogeneity, for image reconstruction in a portable setup are discussed.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.391-401
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• 2019

Purpose: In this study, the location and history information of the cavity identified in the cavity exploration, such as repacking of the pavement, is not known. Therefore, it is to review the field applicability of RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) systems that enable anyone to accurately identify information. Method: Basic experiments were conducted for field applicability for cavity recognition distance, recognition and recognition rate, tag performance and tag type, reader interference, communication, underground burial impact, and duplicate recognition by RFID system. Results: As a result of the depth of tag and reader recognition, the electronic tag chips and readers applied in the basic experiment are judged to be effectively applicable in the field environment where the road cavity is located. Conclusion: The RFID tags for field application of the pavement management system store various information such as location and size of cavity, identification date, cause of occurrence, and surrounding underground facilities to maximize cavity management effect with a system that can be computerized and mobile utilization.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.52
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• pp.371-392
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• 2018

Beginning with ethical nature inherent in the novel, this paper argues that ethical responsibility of $21^{st}$ century global fiction lies in its invitation to readers to rethink the status quo in a globalized world. While David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas and Min-gyu Park's Dinner with Buffett use international settings, these works exemplify how global fiction fails at, or succeeds in, the ethical task of challenging the contemporary world, respectively. This is because Mitchell's 500-page novel, although a felicitous embodiment of globalization and hybridity, does not challenge dominant ideologies and instead ends up reproducing a conventional humanist ideology against the backdrop of exotic places and diverting literary pastiches. In contrast, Dinner with Buffett, a novella about a Korean average Joe who wins a charity meal with tycoon Warren Buffett, perplexes the reader with counterintuitive turns and, in doing so, uncovers what we believe to be common sense today that serves global capitalism.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2010

RFID is one of useful identification technology in ubiquitous environments which can be a replacement of bar code. RFID is basically consisted of tag, reader, which is for perception of the tag, and back-end-database for saving the information of tags. Although the usage of mobile readers in cellular phone or PDA increases, related studies are not enough to be secure for practical environments. There are many factors for using mobile leaders, instead of static leaders. In mobile reader environments, before constructing the secure protocol, we must consider these problems: 1) easy to lose the mobile reader 2) hard to keep the connection with back-end-database because of communication obstacle, the limitation of communication range, and so on. To find the solution against those problems, Han et al. suggest RFID mutual authentication protocol without back-end-database environment. However Han et al.'s protocol is able to be traced tag location by using eavesdropping, spoofing, and replay attack. Passive tag based on low cost is required lots of communication unsuitably. Hence, we analyze some vulnerabilities of Han et al.'s protocol and suggest RFID mutual authentication protocol without online back-end-database in aspect of efficiency and security.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.29-39
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• 2021

This study interpreted a traditional garden of Korea through reception aesthetics. The 'gap' of acceptable aesthetics is found in the 'distance that occurs between writers and readers'. This study aims to interpret this gap between what the writer intends and what the reader expects. Boundaries do not limit traditional spaces in Korea and, therefore, are not limited by characteristics. These characteristics were studied from the perspectives of the author, the work, and the reader. The aspect first looked at the life and ideas of the gardener, the second analyzed the form and structure of the garden, and the last examined writings, from the past and present, of those who appreciated the garden. From the author's perspective, Sosoewon was understood as a garden that embodied the philosophy of Yang Sanbo. Second, the duality and indeterminateness were recognized as two characteristics of this work; artifacts in the garden were arranged in a natural form, and the gardens have indefinite boundaries, so they can be freely expanded and reduced. Finally, from the reader's perspective, it was noted that the beauty of this garden is enhanced through poetry, painting, and writing. Thus, historic gardens of Korea can be open spaces where the meaning of the garden is enriched through the free participation of viewers based on their own ideas.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.377-382
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• 2021

《Mu Yang Ai Hua, 牧羊哀話》 is known as the first Korean-sanctioned novel in the history of modern Chinese literature, and is famous for a novel created by the author himself visiting Korea and being inspired. The translation of 《牧羊哀話》 is constantly being re-translated (4 types). These translations also reflect the characteristics of each period, and the translation strategies used have their own characteristics. The results of the comparative analysis of the four types of translations in this study are as follows. The role A was published during the Japanese colonial period, and some parts were reduced and omitted according to the intent of the translator, and a foreignization translation strategy was used. B, C, and D have implemented content equivalence by utilizing many of the localization translation strategies, and added supplementary explanations in part to help readers understand. Since translation is a process of communication, it should not just convert the source text to the target text, but the target reader's response to the work should be the same as that of the reader. Therefore, translation must be able to understand the environment of the times and the readership, and it must use all possible methods to elicit the same emotion and empathy as the reader has read the original text. Therefore, translators need to use their nationalization and foreignization strategies at the same time based on their understanding of the target language and the politics, economy, history, culture, etc. of the destination country.