• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2012

When two speakers read a text together, the produced speech has been shown to reduce a high degree of variability (e.g., pause duration and placement, and speech rate). This paper provides a quantitative analysis of speech rate variation exhibited in synchronous speech by examining the global and local patterns in two dialects of Mandarin Chinese (Taiwan and Shanghai). We analyzed the speech data in terms of mean speech rate and the reference of "Just Noticeable difference (JND)" within a subject and across subjects. Our findings show that speakers show lower and less variable speech rates when they read a text synchronously than when they read alone. This global pattern is observed consistently across speakers and dialects maintaining the unique local variation patterns of speech rate for each dialect. We conclude that paired speakers lower their speech rates and decrease the variability in order to ensure the synchrony of their speech.

• 한국정보기술응용학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보기술응용학회 2005년도 6th 2005 International Conference on Computers, Communications and System
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• pp.285-288
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• 2005

We propose a novel programmable miniature vision module based on a custom designed analog VLSI (aVLSI) chip. The vision module consists of the optical flow vision sensor embedded with commercial off-the-shelves digital hardware; in our case is the Intel XScale PXA270 processor enforced with a programmable gate array device. The aVLSI sensor provides gray-scale imager data as well as smooth optical flow estimates, thus each pixel gives a triplet of information that can be continuously read out as three independent images. The particular computational architecture of the custom designed sensor, which is fully parallel and also analog, allows for efficient real-time estimations of the smooth optical flow. The Intel XScale PXA270 controls the sensor read-out and furthermore allows, together with the programmable gate array, for additional higher level processing of the intensity image and optical flow data. It also provides the necessary standard interface such that the module can be easily programmed and integrated into different vision systems, or even form a complete stand-alone vision system itself. The low power consumption, small size and flexible interface of the proposed vision module suggests that it could be particularly well suited as a vision system in an autonomous robotics platform and especially well suited for educational projects in the robotic sciences.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2009

본 논문은 독거노인을 위한 보조 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템은 착용형 RFID 시스템과 게이트웨이 시스템, 서버 시스템으로 구성된다. 착용형 RFID 시스템은 장갑형태로 구성되며, 싱크노드와 RFID 리더기를 갖는 센서노드로 구성된다. 센서노드는 가구나 약병, 설탕, 소금 등의 다양한 일상생활 물체에 부착된 RFID 태그를 읽는다. 센서 노드는 무선 패킷을 싱크노드로 전송한다. 싱크노드는 수신된 패킷을 게이트웨이로 보내고, 게이트웨이는 수신된 패킷을 서버로 전달한다. 서버 시스템은 데이터베이스 서버와 웹 서버로 구성된다. 착용형 RFID 시스템에서 전달된 데이터는 데이터베이스에 저장되고, 사용자의 일상 생활 활동정보를 표시한다. 처리된 데이터는 가족이나 수발제공자, 병원관계자 등 사용자의 일상생활 패턴을 원하는 사용자에게 제공될 수 있다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.413-415
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• 1999

Our previous report demonstrated that the rhp51$^＋$, a recA and RAD51 homolog of the fission yeast, encodes three transcripts of 1.9, 1.6 and 1.3 kb which have at least six polyadenylation sites. The 3'-end of the gene alone can direct the formation of multiple, discrete 3'ends of the transcripts. To identify the regulatory element required for the 3'-end formation of -rhp51$^＋$ deletion mapping analysis was performed. Northern blot analysis revealed that the 254-bp DNA fragment including 4 distinct poly (A) sites downstream from the Hindlll site, is crucial for normal 3'-end formation. Deletion of the 3'-terminal AU rich region caused appearance of read-through RNA, leading to enhancement of survival rate of the rhp51 deletion mutant in response to DNA damaging agent, methylmethane sulfonate (MMS). The results imply that the rhp51$^＋$ system may be useful for molecular analysis of the 3'-end formation of RNA in the fission yeast.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.397-405
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• 2022

Objectives: This study examines the effect on the frequency of ramyeon consumption based on who checks nutrition labels and on the levels of sodium-related nutrition knowledge among middle school students in the Incheon area. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 359 students (143 males and 216 females) from May to October 2021. General information as well as ramyeon-eating behaviors were surveyed. The frequency of ramyeon consumption was compared depending on who checks nutrition labels and on the amount of sodium-related nutrition knowledge students have. Both 𝛘² tests and t-tests were conducted for categorical and mean comparisons. Results: Regarding the consumption of ramyeon, 46% of the students replied that they eat it alone at home. The criteria for choosing the kind of ramyeon to eat were taste (79.4%), price (9.2%), brand and new products (4.5%), nutrition (2.2%), weight control (2.2%), and other factors (2.5%). When purchasing ramyeon, more students replied that they did not read nutrition labels (66.0%) compared to those who did read labels (34.0%). Answers to questions on sodium-related nutrition earned an average of 6.84 out of nine points (males, 6.72 points, females, 6.91 points, ns). The average frequency of ramyeon consumption was 1.67 times per week (males, 1.66, females, 1.68, ns). The frequency of ramyeon consumption by students who checked nutrition labels was lower than for students who did not check labels (1.44 times per week vs. 1.79 times per week, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Students who checked nutrition labels reported a lower frequency of ramyeon consumption than students who did not check them. Education on checking nutrition labels may reduce the consumption of processed foods such as ramyeon and may lead to making healthy choices when purchasing food.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제33권
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• pp.91-118
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• 2007

In the transaction of credits, banks must examine the presentation to determine, on the basis of the documents alone, whether or not the documents appear on their face to constitute a complying presentation. And bank shall each have a maximum of five banking days following the day of presentation to determine if a presentation is complying. This period does not depend on any upcoming expiry date or last day for presentation. Data in a document, when read in context with the credit, the document itself and international standard banking practice, need not be identical to, but must not conflict with, data in i) that document; ii) any other stipulated document; or iii) the credit. When a bank determines that a presentation is complying, it must honour or negotiate. But, when a bank determine that a presentation does not comply, it may refuse to honour or negotiate. When a bank decides to refuse to honour or negotiate, it must give a single notice to that effect to the presenter. That notice must be given by telecommunication or, if that is not possible, by other expeditious means no later than the close of the fifth banking day following the day of presentation.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2017

우리나라 뉴스에서 매일 빠지지 않는 내용은 아마도 부동산 경제에 관한 것이라고 생각된다. 많은 사람들은 부동산 가격의 변동에 관한 전문가들의 예측에 관심을 갖고 있다. 매매가격 혹은 전세가격을 예측하기위해 일반적으로 많이 사용되는 방법은 박스-젠킨스에 기반을 둔 자기회귀이동평균모형이다. 본 논문에서는 자기회귀모형과 다변량 자료분석에서 사용하는 독립성분분석을 결합하여 예측하는 방법을 시도하여 보았다. 매매가격과 전세가격을 두 개의 독립성분으로 재설정하고 독립성분들을 이용하여 예측한 후 역변환을 통해 매매가격과 전세가격을 예측하는 방법을 시도하였다. 그 결과 일반적인 자기회귀이동평균모형을 사용할 때 보다 독립성분을 활용한 예측이 실제 지수에 더 유사한 값들을 얻을 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1999년도 제17회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.29-29
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• 1999

The synthesis of layered structures on the nanometer scale has become essential for continued improvements in the operation of various electronic and magnetic devices. Abrupt metal-metal interfaces are desired for applications ranging from metallization in semiconductor devices to fabrication of magnetoresistive tunnel junctions for read heads on magnetic disk drives. In particular, characterizing the interface structure between various transition metals (TM) and aluminum is desirable. We have used the techniques of MeV ion backscattering and channeling (HEIS), x-ray photoemission (ZPS), x-ray photoelectron diffraction(XPD), low-energy ion scattering (LEIS), and low-energy electron diffraction(LEED), together with computer simulations using embedded atom potentials, to study solid-solid interface structure for thin films of Ni, Fe, Co, Pd, Ti, and Ag on Al(001), Al(110) and Al(111) surfaces. Considerations of lattice matching, surface energies, or compound formation energies alone do not adequately predict our result, We find that those metals with metallic radii smaller than Al(e.g. Ni, Fe, Co, Pd) tend to form alloys at the TM-Al interface, while those atoms with larger atomic radii(e.g. Ti, Ag) form epitaxial overlayers. Thus we are led to consider models in which the strain energy associated with alloy formation becomes a kinetic barrier to alloying. Furthermore, we observe the formation of metastable fcc Ti up to a critical thickness of 5 monolayers on Al(001) and Al(110). For Ag films we observe arbitrarily thick epitaxial growth exceeding 30 monolayers with some Al alloying at the interface, possible driven by interface strain relief. Typical examples of these interface structures will be discussed.

• 셀메드
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.17.1-17.1
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• 2022

PoongLyuYak exists everywhere. If you read the poem and get inspired, it becomes poem Yak (詩藥, poem medicine). If you look at the picture and fall it, it becomes picture Yak. When you feel refreshed by travelling, it becomes travel Yak. Music, dance, movie, nature, etc. are very nice examples. Even a leisurely life of driving, eating out, and drinking coffee is good PoongLyuYak for the body. Whether you're alone or in a group, if you can enjoy it, it's good medicine. According to the logic of the windy and flowing world, anything that can transform one's emotions, whether happy, sad, or trivial, can be a PoongLyuYak. This PoongLyuYak may be more effective than oral medications, inhalants, ointments, or injections. Rather than simply watching, listening, or imitating others, the effect is enormous when participating directly and performing and creative activities. The pleasure of seeing Heung-min Son playing soccer is also a PoongLyuYak, but it can be more enjoyable and the medicinal effect is much greater if you enjoy soccer yourself. Here are some examples of PoongLyu medicines the authors took with the joy of creation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.4071-4075
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• 2016

Background: FDG PET/CT is at an equivocal stage to recommend for staging of colorectal cancer as compared to contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT). This study was intended to evaluate the value of FDG PET/ceCT in colorectal cancer staging as compared to ceCT alone. Materials and Methods: PET/ceCT was performed for 61 colorectal cancer patients who were prospectively enrolled in the study. Three patients were excluded due to loss to follow-up. PET/ceCT findings and ceCT results alone were read separately. The treatment planning was then determined by tumor board consensus. The criteria for T staging were determined by the findings of ceCT. Nodal positive by PET/ceCT imaging was determined by visual analysis of FDG uptake greater than regional background blood pool activity. The diagnostic accuracy of T and N staging was determined only in patients who received surgery without any neoadjuvant treatment. Results: Of 58 patients, there were 40 with colon cancers including sigmoid cancers and 18 with rectal cancers. PET/ceCT in pre-operative staging detected bone metastasis and metastatic inguinal lymph nodes (M1a) that were undepicted on CT in 2 patients (3%), clearly defined 19 equivocal lesions on ceCT in 18 patients (31%) and excluded 6 metastatic lesions diagnosed by ceCT in 6 patients (10%). These resulted in alteration of management plan in 15 out of the 58 cases (26%) i.e. changing from chemotherapy to surgery (4), changing extent of surgery (9) and avoidance of futile surgery (2). Forty four patients underwent surgery within 45 days after PET/CT. The diagnostic accuracy for N staging with PET/ceCT and ceCT alone was 66% and 48% with false positive rates of 24% (6/25) and 76% (19/25) and false negative rates of 47% (9/19) and 21% (4/19), respectively. All of the false negative lymph nodes from PET/ceCT were less than a centimeter in size and located in peri-lesional regions. The diagnostic accuracy for T staging was 82%. The sensitivity of the peri-lesional fat stranding sign in determining T3 stage was 94% and the specificity was 54%. Conclusions: Our study suggested promising roles of PET/ceCT in initial staging of colorectal cancer with better diagnostic accuracy facilitating management planning.