• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.619-627
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• 2000

혐기성 UASB 반웅기를 이용하여 C. I. Reactive Blue 114 생분해를 위한 운전조건을 구하고자 하였다. 운전조건의 중요한 변수로서 염료농도, 탄소원의 종류 및 농도, HRT, 유입 pH의 영향을 조사하였다. 보조탄소원인 포도당은 염료제거에 있어 휘발성 지방산보다 더 우수하였으며, 포도당 $1000{\sim}3000mg/{\ell}$ 범위에서 염료제거율에 거의 영향이 없었다. HRT가 6시간에서 24시간으로 증가하였을 때 염료제거율은 HRT 12시간까지 증가하였으며 그 이상에서는 거의 일정한 값인 40%를 유지하였다. 유입 pH가 6.0~8.0 범위에서 변화하였을 때 유출수 pH는 6.8~7.5로 나타났고, pH 7.0에서 최대 염료제거율을 보였다. 본 연구에서 획득한 최대 염료제거속도는 $52mg/{\ell}{\cdot}day$이었지만 색도 환경기준치를 만족하는 최대 염료부하량은 $46mg/{\ell}{\cdot}day$로 나타났고, 이때의 운전조건은 HRT 12시간, 포도당 농도 $2200mg/{\ell}$이었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2002

Trametes sp.에서 생산되는 laccase는 CNBr-activated Sepharose-4B(CAS4B)에 고정화 되었고, 염료의 연속적인 분해를 위하여 테스트되었다. Laccase는 CAS4B에 효율적으로 고정화되었고, CAS4B에 고정화 된 laccase는 pH, 열, 단백질 구조적인 안정성 면에서 상당히 증가하였다. CAS4B에 고정화 된 accase의 최적 pH는 5, 온도는 4$0^{\circ}C$로서 free laccase와 비교하여 변화가 없었다 기질로서 Reactive Blue 19를 사용하였을 때 free laccase와 고정화 laccase의 $K_{m}$ ($\mu$mol/mL) 값은 각각 0.34와 2.0이었고,V$_{max}$($\mu$mol/mL.min) 값은 각각 0.12, 0.1이었다. Repeated-batch 반응에서 효소의 안정성과 높은 분해 효율 만족하는 조건은 pH 5, 3$0^{\circ}C$이였다. 또한 HBT에 의한 효소의 불활성은 크게 나타나지 않았다. Packed-bed reactor에서 최적으로 운전되었을 때 100 $\mu$M Reactive Blue 19과 0.1 mM HBT가 존재하는 50 $\mu$M Acid Red 57의 연속적인 분해에서 30시간 후에도 분해 효율이 70%로 유지되었다. 고정화 laccase는 Packed-bed reactor에서 azo 염료의 연속적인 분해를 매우 안정적으로 수행하였다.다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.49-55
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• 1995

Dyes are released into the environment as industrial wasterwater. Dyes are considered to be a pollution problem because of the wide spread into environment with a variety of colors. Continuous biodegradation of reactive dyes such as Rifacion Red H-3EB, Rifazol Blue BT, Rifacion Yellow P4G and Rifacion Brown RT were demonstrated using multistage rotating disc contactor immobilized by Aspergillus sojae B-10. Aspergillus sojae B-10 was cultivated the optimal medium containing 2.0% glucose, 0.08% $NaNO_3$, 0.1% $KH_2PO_4$ and 0.5% $MgSO_4\cdot 7H_2O$, pH 5 at 32$\circ$C. Mycelium of Aspergillus sojae B-10 were guck to the rotating disc for 10 days until steady state. For continuous biodegradation of reactive dyes by using rotating disc contactor, it was most effective biodegradation in the medium containing 1,000 ppm each dyes at the medium feeding rate of 20 ml per hour. Under the conditions biodegradation of each dyes on 2, 4 and 6 days were 20~50%, 75% and 96%, respectively. Therefore, practical application of reactive dyes were carried out at the feeding rate of 20 ml/h as synthetic wasterwater containing 500 ppm of mixture reactive dyes. It was found the highest levels of 94% biodegradation during 20 days.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.148-151
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• 2017

Methemoglobinemia is a condition in which the iron portion of hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen, is oxidized to produce methemoglobin, which increases blood concentration. There are many causes of methemoglobinemia, the most common being food, drugs, and chemicals. A 75-year-old male patient who had taken an herbicide did not notice any nonspecific symptoms. However, after 4 hours, his methemoglobin levels increased to 17.1%, while after 7 hours it increased to 26.5%, at which time intravenous administration of methylene blue 1 mg/kg (an antidote) was started. After a total of five doses of methylene blue at 1 mg/kg due to reactive methemoglobinemia for about 36 hours, the methemoglobin levels increased to 23.7%. Because no more methylene blue could be administered, 10 g of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was administered intravenously. After 82 hours, ascorbic acid 10 g was administered six times for repeated reactive methemoglobinemia. No additional reactive methemoglobinemia was observed. The ventilator and endotracheal tube were successfully removed on day 5 after admission.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1994

알칼리 수용액 중에서의 Vinylsulfone(VS)계 반응성염료의 혼합상태의 가수분해 반응을 정량적으로 조사하였다. 혼합이량체의 생성 및 분해반응 속도상수를 각각의 염료의 가수분해반응에서 구한 속도상수를 이용하여 계산하였다. 단독이량체를 생성하는 염료들을 조합하였을 경우에는 혼합이량체가 생성되었다. C.I.Reactive Blue 19가 다른 VS계 염료들과 혼합되었을 경우에는 일반적으로 혼합이량체가 생성되었다. Blue 19와 Orange 16의 조합의 경우에는 낮은 염료농도에서만 혼합이량체가 생성되었으며, Red 22의 경우에는 단독 및 혼합이량체가 생성되지 않았다. 단독이량체가 생성되지않는 Orange 7는 다른 VS계 염료들과의 조합에서 혼합이량체를 생성함을 확인하였다. Yellow 17의 혼합이량체의 분해속도 상수값이 가장 큼을 알 수 있었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2006

There are three kinds of liquid petroleum marker which is extracted by the basic or acidic, and both developer. Korean marker, Unimark 1494 DB (marker) have been spectrophotometrically analysed by the determination of absorbance at 582 nm after base extraction by Unimark 1494 DB Developer C-5 (developer). Some blue dyes which have same reactive radical of marker and can be changed deep blue color in base developer extraction (BDE), may be increased absorbance at 582 nm, but dyes or markers which can be increased the absorbance, were not unclear. In this experiment, effects of three dyes or marker such as Orimax Green 151 (the mixture of CI Solvent Yellow 16 and CI Solvent Blue 70), quinizarin and Orimax Blue 2N (CI Solvent Blue 35), and two solvent such as topasol (P-250) and lubricant (P-8) on the absorbance were studied by HITACHI Recording Spectrophotometer U-3300. It shows that all of them increased absorbance at 582 nm after BDE. Absorbance at 582 nm can be showed 0.0544 by Orimax Green 151 at the concentration of 3.96 mg/l, quinizarin at the concentration of 1.38 mg/l, and Orimax Blue 2N at the concentration of 2.73 mg/l in the artificial petroleum (normal diesel oil: topasol: lubricant=2 : 4: 4), respectively. Absorbance, 0.0544 indicates that concentration of marker is 1.64 mg/l in the reference curves, respectively. And also these results can be showed that the artificial petroleum have about 10% cheep fuel such as kerosene which have marker (16.0 mg/l). Absorbance of P-250 was 0.01361-0.22842 depending upon the purchasing date, and that of P-8 was 0.05644. pH of developer was 14.83, and so this result indicates that Unimark 1494 DB is a base extractable petroleum marker, phenylazophenol (US Patent No. 5,252,106). In the BDE, the slight color of Orimax Blue 2N, Orimax Green 151 and quinizarin in artificial petroleum changed to deep bright blue color, respectively. These result indicate that the absorbance at 582 nm by BDE may be increased not only by azo, diazo, amine and ketone (anthraquinone, coumarin) dyes or markers, but also the contaminants of P-250 and P-8 which have same as reactive radical of dyes or markers.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.801-811
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• 2022

In this study, we constructed a database of dyeing concentrations of all reactive dyes used for dyeing linen according to the thickness of the linen fabric and attempted to improve the reproducibility of the dyeing process for the commercialization of linen fabric materials. Linen fabric is a natural cellulose material that is comfortable and suitable for eco-friendly trends. It is a typical summer material with excellent breathability and thermal conductivity, quick moisture absorption and dissipation, and a cool touch. Dyeability and fastness were evaluated depending on the thickness of the linen fabric using a monochlorotriazine (MCT) reactive dye and bifunctional yellow, red, and blue dyes. All three colors of the MCT reactive dye and bifunctional dyes exhibited a darker shade as the fiber thickness of the marker increased. Fastness to washing was excellent at grades 4-5 or higher, regardless of the color of the dye and the number of linen fabrics. Although some color-fastness differences were noted, with the color change occurring most frequently with blue color, the fastness variations with dye type were mostly similar. The results of this study are expected to facilitate the selection of reactive dyes according to the thickness of the linen fabric based on the basic data from the laboratory, which will aid in the mass production of linen fabric and benefit the fashion industry.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1991

The influences, that various mercerization conditions had on the dying property of cotton fiber, were studied. Crystallization degrees accompained by lattice transformation of slack-mercerized cotton by IR spectroscopic analysis and morphology of the slack-merceized cotton by SEM were observed in this research. The above results were as follows; 1. Equilibrium dye adsorption rates of slack-mercerized cotton with C. I. Reactive Blue 19 were gained in the case of 8M NaOH, $10^{\circ}C$, 20 min., about 2 times as large as the rates of untreated cotton and gained about 2.5 times in the case of 8M $NH_3$, $10^{\circ}C$, , 20 min. 2. Equilibrium dye adsorption rates of slack-mercerized cotton with C. I. Reactive Blue 2 were gained in the case of 2M NaOH, $10^{\circ}C$, 20 min., about 1.7 times as large as the rates of untreated cotton and gained about 2.4 times in the case of 8M $NH_3$, $10^{\circ}C$, 20 min. 3. It was confirmed by SEM that untreated cotton fibrils are formed in the shape of screw and treated cotton is rearranged in the direction of fiber axis.

• 공업화학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.426-431
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• 2006

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)의 착색을 위하여 아크릴 그리고 비닐설폰기를 가지는 청색 및 오렌지 아조 염료들을 6-bromo-2-cyano-4-nitroaniline과 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(vinylsulfonyl)benzenamine을 3-acrylamido-(N,N-diethylamino) benzene과 3-methyl-(N,N-diethylamino)benzene의 아조 짝지음 반응을 이용하여 각각 합성하였다. 또한 알릴기를 가지는 염료는 비닐설폰과 allylamine과의 반응에 의하여 제조하였다. PMMA의 착색은 아크릴, 비닐설폰 그리고 알릴 작용기를 가지는 염료를 직접 methyl methacrylate (MMA)와 공중합하거나, MMA와 공중합한 고분자염료 및 반응성기가 없는 염료 2를 직접 MMA에 용해하여 중합과 동시에 착색하였다. 3가지로 착색한 PMMA의 염색 견뢰도를 여러 환경 조건에서 염료의 용해도를 비교하여 평가하였다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2017

The reactive ion etching (RIE) technology which enables nano-texturatization of surface is applied on monocrystalline silicon solar cell. The additional RIE process on alkalized textured surface further improves the blue response and short circuit current. Such parameter is characterized by surface reflectance and quantum efficiency measurement. By varying the RIE process time and matching the subsequent processes, the absolute efficiency gain of 0.13% is achieved. However, the result indicates potential efficiency gain could be higher due to process integration. The critical etch process time is discussed which minimizes both front surface reflectance and etching damage, considering the challenges of required system throughput in industry.