• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
• /
• v.68
• /
• pp.267-273
• /
• 2018

Hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella vulgaris feedstock containing 80% (w/w) water was conducted in a batch reactor as a function of temperature (300, 325 and $350^{\circ}C$) and reaction times (5, 10 and 30 min). The biocrude yield, elemental composition and higher heating value obtained for various reaction conditions helped to predict the optimum conditions for maximizing energy recovery. To optimize the recovery of inorganic nutrients, we further investigated the effect of reaction conditions on the ammonium ($NH_4{^+}$), phosphate ($PO_4{^{3-}}$), nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$) and nitrite ($NO_2{^-}$) concentrations in the aqueous phase. A maximum energy recovery of 78% was obtained at $350^{\circ}C$ and 5 min, with a high energy density of 34.3 MJ/kg and lower contents of oxygen. For the recovery of inorganic nutrients, shorter reaction times achieved higher phosphorus recovery, with maximum recovery being 53% at $350^{\circ}C$ and 5 min. Our results indicate that the reaction condition of $350^{\circ}C$ for 5 min was optimal for maximizing energy recovery with improved quality, at the same time achieving a high phosphorus recovery.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 1995.02a
• /
• pp.078-79
• /
• 1995

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Potoscience Conference
• /
• 2002.06a
• /
• pp.66-66
• /
• 2002

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1997.10a
• /
• pp.68-68
• /
• 1997

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.33-33
• /
• 2004

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.25 no.9
• /
• pp.1307-1308
• /
• 2004

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.77-78
• /
• 1990

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.611-612
• /
• 2000

A facile synthetic route for the preparation of 4-halobutyl benzoates has been developed. 4-Chloro-, bromo-and iodobutyl benzoates can be easily prepared from the reaction of benzoyl chloride and metal halides in THF under extremely mild conditions. 4-Halo groups were easily controlled by selecting suitable metal halides.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.16 no.3 s.77
• /
• pp.44-49
• /
• 2007

In the present work, the high temperature oxygen pressure leaching behavior of chalcopyrite was studied in sulfuric acid solution. The influence of leaching time, temperature and oxygen partial pressure on leaching process were examined. Leaching rate of copper increased significantly with increasing leaching temperature. Copper recovery reached 87.1% within 2 hours at $200^{\circ}C$ and 10 atm oxygen pressure, while most of the solubilized iron readily re-precipitates as hematite($Fe_2O_3$). It was confirmed that e main leach reaction of chalcopyrite occurred through oxidation with oxygen under oxygen pressure and high temperature(above $150^{\circ}C$). Because sulfur was oxidized entirely to sulfate, passivating elemental sulfur layer was not formed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2007

The NOx emission characteristics with oxygen enrichment in non-premixed counterflow flames were investigated numerically. To consider systematically the situation of inevitable $N_2$ contamination by air infiltration in the process of pure-oxygen combustion, the volume ratio of $O_2$ in an oxidizer was changed from 21% to 100%. As a result the NO emission index $(EI_{NO})$ has the highest value under condition of 75% oxygen enrichment. This result can be explained by the change of $N_2$ destruction rate with oxygen enrichment rather than flame temperature, flame thickness and residence time. In particular, it was found that the reaction of N+NO=$N_2+O$ has the largest contribution on NOx production in oxygen-enrichment flames.