• Journal of Digital Forensics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

When a traffic accident occurs, the vehicle's speed is an essential factor in the analysis of the cause of the accident. As more and more vehicles have a blackbox device installed, measuring the vehicle's speed through blackbox video is one of the ways to measure the vehicle's speed. This paper presents the results of comparing and analyzing the validity of the speed measured from re-recorded or re-encoded blackbox video. In this paper, we suggest that if it is impossible to measure the speed with the original blackbox video, it can analyze by re-taken and re-encoding video. For the verification, the accuracy of the measured speed by original video examined by comparing it with the actual speed confirmed in the smartphone navigation. After that, the speeds of vehicles in three re-taken videos and two re-encorded videos at different resolutions and frames per second measured. As a result of analyzing them, it verified that there is no significant difference between them and the speeds from the original video. Based on these results, it confirmed that the speeds measured from re-taken and re-encoded video are valid when measuring a vehicle's actual speed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2006

WRKY family proteins are a class of plant-specific transcription factors involved in stress response signaling pathways. In this study a gene encoding a putative WRKY protein was isolated from a pepper EST database (http://genepool.kribb.re.kr). The cDNA, named Capsicum annuum WRKY2 (CaWRKY2), encodes a putative polypeptide of 548 amino acids, containing two WRKY domains with zinc finger motifs and two potential nuclear localization signals. Northern blot analyses showed that CaWRKY2 mRNA was preferentially induced during incompatible interactions of pepper plants with PMMoV, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61, and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria race 3. Furthermore, CaWRKY2 transcripts were strongly induced by wounding and ethephon treatment, whereas only moderate expression was detected following treatment with salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. CaWRKY2 was translocated to the nucleus when a CaWRKY2-smGFP fusion construct was expressed in onion epidermal cells. CaWRKY2 also had transcriptional activation activity in yeast. Taken together our data suggest that CaWRKY2 is a pathogen-inducible transcription factor that may have a role in early defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.