• 대기
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2016

Heavy rainfall (over $80mm\;hr^{-1}$) system associated with unstable atmospheric conditions occurred over the Seoul metropolitan area on 27 July 2011. To investigate the heavy rainfall system, we used three-dimensional data from Korea Local Analysis and Prediction System (KLAPS) reanalysis data and analysed the structure of the precipitation system, kinematic characteristics, thermodynamic properties, and Meteorological condition. The existence of Upper-Level Jet (ULJ) and Low-Level Jet (LLJ) are accelerated the heavy rainfall. Convective cloud developed when a strong southwesterly LLJ and strong moisture convergence occurring around the time of the heavy rainfall is consistent with the results of previous studies on such continuous production. Environmental conditions included high equivalent potential temperature of over 355 K at low levels, and low equivalent potential temperature of under 330 K at middle levels, causing vertical instability. The tip of the band shaped precipitation system was made up of line-shaped convective systems (LSCSs) that caused flooding and landslides, and the LSCSs were continuously enhanced by merging between new cells and the pre-existing cell. Difference of wind direction between low and middle levels has also been considered an important factor favouring the occurrence of precipitation systems similar to LSCSs. Development of LSCs from the wind direction difference at heights of the severe precipitation occurrence area was also identified. This study can contribute to the identification of production and development mechanisms of heavy rainfall and can be used in applied research for prediction of severe weather.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.822-829
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• 1999

최근 식품 산업의 발달로 장기간 식품 보존을 위하여 합성 보존제의 사용이 크게 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나, 인체에 대한 유해성이 문제로 대두되면서 이를 대체할 천연 보존제의 개발이 절실히 요고되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리나라 야산에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 구황 식물인 민들레를 메탄올과 여러 용매로 추출하여 식품부패 미생물에 대한 항균력을 실험하고 그 항균 활성 물질을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 민들레의 메탄올 추출물은 $2000\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ 농도에서 s. aureus를 완전히 억제하였고, L. monocytogenes는 98.43% 억제하였다. 그리고 민들레의 ethylacetate 분획물은 $1000\mu\textrm{g}/disc$ 농도에서 5종의 모든 시험균주에 대하여 clear zone을 형성하여 가장 높은 항균력을 보였다. 민들레의 ethyl­-acetate 분획물을 silica gel column chromatography와 TLC를 통해 분리하여 얻은 fraction을 5가지 시험균주에 대한 항균 실험 결과 3번째 3rd fraction의 항균력이 가장 높아 $250\mu\textrm{g}/disc$ 농도에서 E. coli를 제외한 모든 균주에 대하여 14mm 이상의 clear zone을 나타내었다. 항균력을 보인 민들레의 ethylacetate 분획의 3번째 3rd fraction을 먼저 HPLC로 분리하여 얻은 peak II로부터 $^{l}H-NMR$ 및 GC-MS로 분석한 결과 benzoic acid로 동정 되었다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

Preauricular sinus and preauricular skin tag are common childhood congenital anomalies. It is important for the pediatric surgeon to be familiar with the embryology and differentiation of head and neck structure to accurately diagnose and treat these lesions. Seventy eight patients with preauricular sinus and twenty-eight with preauricular skin tag treated in the Department of Pediatric Surgery at Hanyang University Hospital from January 1981 to May 2002 were reviewed to determine relative frequency, clinical classification and appropriate treatment. The male to female ratio of preauricular sinus was 1:1.2, and preauricular skin tag was 1:1. The most commonly presenting age of sinus and skin tag was before 5 year (62.8%) and before 1 year (53.6%). Twenty nine of 78 cases of preauricular sinuses were on the left, 25 on the right and 24 bilateral. Signs of infection were seen in 73.0% of patients with preauricular sinus at operation. Only 31.3% of lesions were infected in patients less than one year of age, but 89.5% between 3-5 years and 100% between 5-8 years. Cartilage was present in five patients with preauricular skin tag. Although re-operation due to wound infection was necessary in four cases, no recurrences were found. The preauricular sinus is a common anomaly in childhood, and has had a relatively high recurrence rate. But most of the recurrences were due to incomplete resection because of combined infection. Initial proper diagnosis and early operation are very important. Identification of the exact anatomical location of sinus tract is necessary because total excision of the lesions including those tracts is the only way to prevent recurrence.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2010

지금까지 우리나라에 자생하는 꿀풀속 식물은 꿀풀(Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina Nakai), 두메꿀풀(P. vulgaris var. aleutica Fernald), 흰꿀풀(P. vulgaris for. albiflora Nakai)이 알려져 있는데, 국내 주요 표본관들의 표본조사를 통하여 P. pinnatifida Pers.가 다수 채집된 바 있음을 확인하였고, 이들 중 전남 신안군 자은도에서의 분포를 재확인하였다. 꿀풀, 두메꿀풀, 흰꿀풀은 식물체 전체의 잎들이 거치가 없거나 미약한 거치가 있는 장타원형임에 비하여 갈래꿀풀의 잎은 매우 심하게 갈라진 열편들로 이루어져 있다. 이에 본 분류군의 국명을 갈래꿀풀로 칭하고 국내 미기록 분류군으로 보고하고자 한다. 갈래꿀풀에 대한 기재, 도해와 함께 갈래꿀풀을 포함한 한국산 꿀풀속 식물에 대한 검색표를 제시하였고, 갈래꿀풀의 분류학적 문제점들을 논의하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2020

The genus Termitomyces (Lyophyllaceae, Basidiomycota) is often associated with fungus-feeding termites (Macrotermitinae) due to their strong symbiotic relationships. The genus is widely found exclusively in certain regions of Africa and Asia. They are recognized as edible mushroom within Southeast Asia as well. But it is often misidentified based on morphology by the local communities especially in Malaysia for Chlorophyllum molybdites which is a highly poisonous mushroom. Thus, it is necessary to study the genus for Malaysia with the synergy of using both morphological and molecular identification. In this study, we aim to describe another new species as an addition to the genus Termitomyces found within Sabah, Malaysia. We generated two new sequences (nrLSU and mtSSU) for the new species and a total of 28 nrLSU and mtSSU sequences were retrieved from GenBank for the phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences. We identified that the new collection from Sabah province is a new species and named as Termitomyces gilvus based on the termites found in the mound. A phylogeny tree made from the concatenated genes of LSU and mtSSU suggests that T. gilvus is closely related to T. bulborhizus from China. According to our results, the combination of molecular and morphology proved to be a robust approach to re-evaluate the taxonomic status of Termitomyces species in Malaysia. Additional surveys are needed to verify the species diversity and clarify their geographic distribution.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.432-440
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• 2019

Global climate change exerts adverse effects on maize production. Among abiotic stresses, drought stress during the tasseling stage (VT) can increase anthesis-silking intervals (ASI) and decrease yield. We performed an evaluation of ASI and yield using a drought-sensitive line (Ki3) and a drought-tolerant line (Ki11) to analyze the correlation with ASI and yield. Moreover, the de novo data of Ki11 were analyzed to find putative novel transcripts related todrought stress in tropical maize. A total of 182 transcripts, with a log2 ratio >1.5, were found by comparing drought conditions to a control. The top 40 transcripts of high expression levels in the de novo analysis were selected and analyzed with PCR. Of the 40 transcripts, six novel transcripts were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) using seedling and VT stage samples. Five transcripts (transcripts_1, 12, 34, 35, and 40) were up-regulated in the Ki11 shoot at seedling stage, and transcripts_1, 12, and 40 were up-regulated at the re-watering stage after 12 h of drought stress. The transcripts_32 and 34 were up-regulated at the VT stage. Hence, transcript_34 possibly plays a significant role in drought tolerance during the seedling and VT stages. The transcript_32 was identified as chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) by Pfam domain analysis. The function of the other transcripts remained unknown. Further characterization of these novel transcripts in genetic regulation will be of great value for the improvement of maize production.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2000

This study was per-formed to screen lactic acid bacteria poultry for the probiotic use. Among the previously obtained acid tolerant, 139 strains, 111 strains were selected with MRS medium containing 0.3% oxgall. 34 strains of 111 was re-selected by Gram-staining and acid producing ability. These strains was identified by MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification System. Among the identified 34 strains Lactobacillus fermenum YL-3 was selected for the final pro-biotic use because of the good growth and high survival rate at pH 2.0. 60%, 50% and 40% cells of Lactobacillus fermentum YL-3 survived at pH 3.0, 2.5 and 2.0, respectively. More than $10^{7}$ / CFU/ml survived when exposed with the number of $10^{8}$ CFU/ml at pH 2.0 after 12 hr. L.fermenum YL-3 maintained growth in MRS broth containing 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% oxgall for 24 hr. L.fermenum YL-3 showed an inhibitory effect against pathogenic strains of Sal. enteritidis and E. coli O157:H7. In mixed culture with L.fermenum YL-3 Sal. enteritidis lost ability com-pletely in 15 hrs and E. coil O157:H7 in 16 hrs.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.431-440
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• 2016

In 2004, bacterial spot-causing xanthomonads (BSX) were reclassified into 4 species-Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans, and X. gardneri. Bacterial spot disease on pepper plant in Korea is known to be caused by both X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and X. vesicatoria. Here, we reidentified the pathogen causing bacterial spots on pepper plant based on the new classification. Accordingly, 72 pathogenic isolates were obtained from the lesions on pepper plants at 42 different locations. All isolates were negative for pectolytic activity. Five isolates were positive for amylolytic activity. All of the Korean pepper isolates had a 32 kDa-protein unique to X. euvesicatoria and had the same band pattern of the rpoB gene as that of X. euvesicatoria and X. perforans as indicated by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. A phylogenetic tree of 16S rDNA sequences showed that all of the Korean pepper plant isolates fit into the same group as did all the reference strains of X. euvesicatoria and X. perforans. A phylogenetic tree of the nucleotide sequences of 3 housekeeping genes-gapA, gyrB, and lepA showed that all of the Korean pepper plant isolates fit into the same group as did all of the references strains of X. euvesicatoria. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, we identified the pathogen as X. euvesicatoria. Neither X. vesicatoria, the known pathogen of pepper bacterial spot, nor X. perforans, the known pathogen of tomato plant, was isolated. Thus, we suggest that the pathogen causing bacterial spot disease of pepper plants in Korea is X. euvesicatoria.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.410-417
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• 1999

우리나라 야산에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 구황 식물인 질경이를 메탄올과 여러 용매로 추출하여 식품 부패 미생물에 대한 항균력을 실험하고 그 항균활성 물질을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 질경이의 메탄올 추출물은 2000$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도에서 B. subtilis 및 V. parahaemolyticus의 증식을 100% 억제하였다. 그리고 질경이의 ethylacetate 분획물은 1000$\mu\textrm{g}$/disc 농도에서 5종의 모든 실험 균주에 대하여 8.5~11mm 크기의 clear zone을 형성하여 가장 높은 항균력을 보였다. 질경이의 ethylacetate 분획물을 silica gel column chromatography와 TLC로 분리하여 얻은 fraction을 5가지 실험 균주에 대하여 항균 실험을 한 결과 3rd 분획물 중 4번째 분획물이 250$\mu\textrm{g}$/disc 농도에서 모든 균주에 대하여 10 mm 이상의 clear zone을 나타내었다. 항균력을 보인 질경이의 ethylacetate 3rd fraction No. 4를 HPLC로 단일 분리하여 얻은 peak IV로 부터 $^1$H-NMR 및 GC-MSD로 동정한 결과 hexadecanoic acid로 동정되었다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.235-252
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• 1995

Turfgrass Rhizoctonia blight is a severe disease in golf courses in Korea. Attempts were made in 1989 to 1994 to identify the Rhizoctonia species associated with turfgrass blights and also to examine their epidemiology. A total of 120 Rhizoctonia isolates collected were identified as R. solani AG1, R. solani AG2-2, R. cerealis(AG-D) and R. oryzas from brown patch, large patch, yellow patch and white patch, re-spectively. R. solani AG1 was mostly associated with brown patch of cool-season grasses. and most frequently isolated in June through July and also in September. R. solani AG2-2 was isolated exclusively from zoysiagrasses from April to November, most frequently in June through July and October through November. R. cerealis was isolated frequently from both creeping hentgrass in March through April and in November, and zoysiagrass in April and July. Thermophilic R. oryzae was isolated only from creeping bentgrass in August, although with very low frequency. R. solani AG2-2 was strongly pathogenic specifically to Korean lawngrasses(Zoysia japonica, Z.matrella, Z. tenuifolia), but non-pathogenic to creeping bentgrass(Agrostis palustris), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensis), perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenne), and creeping red fescue(Festuca rubra subsp. ruhra L.). R. cerealis was strongly pathogenic to zoysiagrass and bentgrass only, but was isolate-specific i.e., from non-pathogenic to pathogenic, for other turfgrasses. The mycelial growth was optimum at relatively high temperature ranges of 25~30$^{\circ}C$ for R.solani AG1, AG2-2 and R. oryzae, while the mycelial growth of R. cerealis was initiated at $^{\circ}C$ and almost ceased at or above $^{\circ}C$.