• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.579-588
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• 1997

The heat transfer and flow measurements from a convex curved surface to a circular impinging jet have been made. The flow at the nozzle exit has a fully developed velocity profile. The jet Reynolds number (Re) ranges from 11,000 to 50,000, the dimensionless nozzle-to-surface distance (L/d) from 2 to 10, and the dimensionless surface curvature (d/D) from 0.034 to 0.089. The results show that the stagnation point Nusselt number (N $u_{st}$ ) increases with increasing value of d/D. The maximum Nusselt number at the stagnation point occurs at L/d .ident. 6 to 8 for all Re's and d/D's tested. For larger L/d, N $u_{st}$ dependency on Re is stronger due to an increase of turbulence in the approaching jet as a result of the more active exchange of momentum with a surrounding air. The local Nusselt number decreases monotonically from its maximum value at the stagnation point. However, for L/d=2 and Re=23,000, and for L/d.leq.4 and Re=50,000, the stream wise Nusselt number distributions exhibit secondary maxima at r/d .ident. 2.2. The formation of the secondary maxima is attributed to an increase in the turbulence level resulting from the transition from a laminar to a turbulent boundary layer.ndary layer.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2008

To develop a natural re-seeding technology, the optimum soil incorporation time of Chinese milk vetch(CMV) plant residues, seed persistence in soil, biomass production and subsequent rice yield were determined from 2005 to 2007 in rice with CMV green manure in southern Korea. Generally, insufficient seedling stand was regenerated with CMV incorporation to the soil at 20 and 25 days after flowering(DAF), while high regeneration of greater than 400 seedlings per $m^2$ was observed at 35 and 40 DAF. High re-seeding stand of CMV incorporated at 35 DAF or later was related with high seed viability and heavy seed weight. Appreciable number of CMV seeds remained 4 month after burial in soil and a good number of CMV seedlings regenerated from this seed bank at rice harvest time in the fall. Based on the relationships among re-seeding number of CMV plants, seed weight and seed viability, CMV plants should be incorporated into the soil 35 DAF(May 30) or later when CMV seeds were sufficiently matured. The natural re-seeding stand for the 3-year trials was stable ranging from 437 to 700 plants per $m^2$ and the biomass production was sufficient to supply nitrogen for rice growth. The use of re-seeding CMV plant can produce similar rice yield like that of rice without CMV green manure.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.846-854
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• 1999

Measurements of the local heat transfer coefficients were made on a hemispherically convex surface with a round oblique impinging jet. The liquid crystal transient method was used for these measurements. This method, which is a variation on the transient method, suddenly exposes a preheated wall to an impinging jet while video recording the response of liquid crystal for the surface temperature measurements. The Reynolds number used was 23000 and the nozzle-to-surface distance was L/d=2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 and the jet angle was $\alpha$=$0^{\circ}\; 15^{\circ}\;30^{\circ}C\; and \;40^{\circ}C$. In the experiment, the Nusselt number at the stagnation point decreases as the jet angle increases and has the maximum value for L/d=6. The X-axis Nusselt number distributions exhibit Secondary maxima at $0^{\circ}C\re $\alpha$\re 15^{\circ}C, L/d\le6$ for X/d＜0(upstream) and at $0^{\circ}C\re $\alpha$40^{\circ}C,\;L/d\le4\;and\; at\; 30^{\circ}C\re $\alpha$$\leq$40^{\circ}C,\;L/d\le 6 $for X/d＞0(downstream). The secondary maxima occurs at long distance from the stagnation point as the jet angle increases or the nozzle-to-surface distance decreases. The Y-axis Nusselt number distributions exhibit secondary maxima at Y/d=$\pm$2 for $0^{\circ}C\le a\le30^{\circ}C\; and\; L/d\le4, and \;for\;$\alpha$=40^{\circ}C$and L/d=2. The displacement of the maximum Nusselt number from the stagnation point increases as the jet angle increases or the nozzle-to-surface distance decreases and the maximum distance is about 0.67 times of the nozzle diameter. The ratio of the maximum Nusselt number to the stagnation Nusselt number increases as the jet angle increases.

• 태양에너지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 1998

밑면이 가열되고 다양한 격판을 가진 실내공간에서의 혼합대류 열전달을 유한체적법을 사용하여 연구하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 변수는 50$\overline{Nu}=\overline{Nu_n}{\cdot}(1+c(Re/Gr^{1/2})^d)$로 나타낼 수 있다. 여기서 $\overline{Nu_n}$는 순수 자연대류를 나타낸다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2014

This study performed numerical analysis for the characteristics of flow-induced forces and the flow instability depending on the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder in laminar flow. To implement the cylinder cross-section, we adopted an Immersed Boundary Method with marker particles. We analyzed flow characteristics based on the radius of corner curvature. Main parameters are corner radius and Reynolds number (Re). With Re = 40, 50, 150 we calculated the flow field, drag coefficient, RMS of lift coefficient, pressure coefficient and Strouhal number in conjunction with the corner radius variation. Also, we calculated critical Reynolds number ($Re_c$) depending on the corner radius variation.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2011

연구 목적: 본 연구에서는 인공타액에 노출되었던 금속도재 수복물의 재소성이 도재 표면의 색조와 표면기포에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 지름 10 mm, 두께 0.5 mm의 metal coping을 디스크 형태로 제작한 후 도재를 축성하여 금속 도재 수복물을 제작한 후, 표면의 색조를 spectroradiometer를 이용하여 측정하고, 표면기포의 수와 크기를 실체현미경으로 측정하였다. 인공타액에 7일간 담근 후 glazing firing 과정에 따라 재소성하였고, 재소성 후의 표면 색조, 표면기포의 수와 크기를 측정하였다. 재소성 전후의 색조 차이는 ${\Delta}E$로 표현하였고, 표면기포의 수는 paired t-test, 표면기포의 크기는 student t-test로 분석하였다 (${\alpha}$=0.05). 결과: 소성 전후 측정한 CIE Lab 값을 이용하여 계산한 결과, ${\Delta}E$=2.14 로 관찰되었다. 각 시편내의 표면기포 개수는 소성 전 $1.33{\pm}1.49$ 개, 소성 후 $3.27{\pm}2.90$ 개로 측정되 었으며, 소성 후 표면기포 개수는 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다 (P<.05). 각 시편내의 표면기포 크기는 소성 전 $81.97{\pm}32.03\;{\mu}m$, 소성 후 $142.94{\pm}47.40\;{\mu}m$로 측정되었으며, 소성 후 표면기포 크기는 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다 (P<.05). 결론: 소성 전후의 색변화가 인지되기는 하지만, 임상적으로 허용할 수 있는 정도였다. 재소성으로 도재 표면기포의 개수와 크기가 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타나서, 도재의 구강 외 수리 시에 발생하는 표면 기포를 줄이기 위한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.2703-2718
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• 2015

Nowadays, public cloud storage is gaining popularity and a growing number of users are beginning to use the public cloud storage for online data storing and sharing. However, how the encrypted data stored in public clouds can be effectively shared becomes a new challenge. Proxy re-encryption is a public-key primitive that can delegate the decryption right from one user to another. In a proxy re-encryption system, a semi-trusted proxy authorized by a data owner is allowed to transform an encrypted data under the data owner's public key into a re-encrypted data under an authorized recipient's public key without seeing the underlying plaintext. Hence, the paradigm of proxy re-encryption provides a promising solution to effectively share encrypted data. In this paper, we propose a new certificate-based proxy re-encryption scheme for encrypted data sharing in public clouds. In the random oracle model, we formally prove that the proposed scheme achieves chosen-ciphertext security. The simulation results show that it is more efficient than the previous certificate-based proxy re-encryption schemes.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1661-1670
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• 1996

Incompressible flow over a backward-facing step is computed by low Reynolds number turbulence models in order to compare with direct simulation results. In this study, selected low Reynolds number 1st and 2nd (Algebraic Stress Model : ASM) moment closure turbulence models are adopted and compared with each other. Each turbulence model predicts different flow characteristics, different re-attachment point, velocity profiles and Reynolds stress distribution etc. Results by .kappa.-.epsilon. turbulence models indicate that predicted re-attachment lengths are shorter than those by standard model. Turbulent intensity and eddy viscosity by low Reynolds number .kappa.-.epsilon. models are still greater than DNS results. The results by algebraic stress model (ASM) are more reasonable than those by .kappa.-.epsilon. models. The convective scheme is QUICK (Quadratic Upstream Interpolation for Convective Kinematics) and SIMPLE algorithm is adopted. Reynolds number based on step height and inlet free stream velocity is 5100.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2006

Two-dimensional numerical simulation has been performed to investigate mixed convection heat transfer between inclined parallel plates with bottom-heated and top-cooled uniformly. The ratio of parallel plate length to height is 9.33, Prandtl number is 909(that of silicone oil at 298K) and Rayleigh number is 8600. In the ranges of the Reynolds number Re from 0 to 1.8 and the angle of inclination ${\theta}$ from 0 to 90 degree. The governing equations are discretized using the finite volume method. In this study, the effects of the Reynolds number, the angle of inclination, and the local and mean Nusselt numbers are presented and discussed. It is found that the periodic flow of mixed convection between inclined parallel plates is shown at $0^{\circ}{\leq}\;{\theta}<30^{\circ},\;Re<0.063$, and the flow pattern can be classified into three patterns which depend on Reynolds number and the angle of inclination. The minimum average Nusselt numbers occur at Re=0.05 regardless of the angle of inclination.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.197-208
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• 2019

공 컨테이너 장치장의 사양, 취급 장비, 운영방법이 공 컨테이너 적하 시 발생할 수 있는 재취급 기대횟수에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 다수 선사의 다양한 유형의 공 컨테이너를 서로 분리된 공간에 저장한다면 저장 공간을 충분히 활용할 수 없고, 저장 공간의 활용도를 높이기 위해 여러 선사의 공 컨테이너를 혼적하여 함께 저장한다면 적하작업 중에 추가로 재취급이 발생할 수 있다. 한 베이에서 적하작업을 위하여 공 컨테이너를 인출하는 시점에 기대되는 재취급 횟수를 계산하기 위해 필요한 여러 가지 수식을 유도하였다. 트랜스퍼 크레인과 탑 핸들러를 취급 장비로 간주하여 다양한 인출 전략을 검토하였다. 장치장의 다양한 설계 및 운영 매개 변수가 재취급 횟수에 미치는 효과를 확인할 목적으로 수치실험을 수행하였다.