• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.143-159
• /
• 2003

In this study, the data and the Statistical Annual Report of the Korean Dental Technology Association and the yearbook of Health-Welfare Ministry from 1990 to 2002 were surveyed to study and analyze the yearly increase rate and regional distribution rate of the national dental laboratories and dental clinics, the rate of dental laboratories to dental clinics. The purpose of the thesis is to help dental technicians to open the rational and effective dental laboratory which considers the regional condition and the distribution of dental clinics. The result of the study is as follows; 1) The yearly increase rate of overall dental laboratories is 2.01 times to 2002 by the criteria of 1990. The most laboratories was increased in 1995(+94) but the least laboratories was increased in 2000(+13). According to the regional increase rate, Kyounggi Association showed the highest increase rate (7.00 times) but Woolsan Association showed the least increase rate (1.45 times) for the past 5 years. Busan Association had increased by 1.47 times by the criteria of 1990. 2) According to the regional distribution rate of dental laboratories, Seoul area showed the highest distribution rate from the minimum 26.72%(in 2002) to the maximum 35.23%(in 1990) every year, and before 1993, Busan area showed the high distribution rate of 12.49% and Daegu area 12.38%. 3) In the case of the national increase rate, dental clinics had increased by 2.01 times to 2001 by the criteria of 1990 and dental laboratories, whose number was 1,482 in 2002, had increased by 2.01 times to that year. The rate of the national dental laboratories to dental clinics went up an average of 1: 7.57 for 12 years. In 1994, the rate showed the highest 1:7.91 and in 1990, the rate showed the least 1:7.17. 4) The metropolitan rate of dental laboratories to dental clinics showed the average of 1:6.70 for 12 years, and the rate was highest in 1992(1:7.15) and the rate lowest in 1999(1:6.33). 5) The rate of dental laboratories to dental clinics in other areas was 1:9.53, the average of 12 years and was highest in 1991(1:9.97) and was lowest in 1990(1:8.79). (6) The rate of the Korean dental laboratories to dental clinics was 1:7.37 in 2001, the metropolitan rate was 1:6.53 and the rate in other areas was 1:9.10. According to the regional distribution rate, the rate of Kyounggi was highest (1:15.58) and the rate of Daegu was lowest(1:3.03).

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 2016

Objectives: Scrub typhus is one of the most prevalent vector-borne diseases. It is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is transmitted when people are bitten by infected chigger mites. This study aims at quantifying the association between the incidence of scrub typhus and meteorological factors in Jeollabuk-do Province over the period 2001-2015. Methods: Reported cases of scrub typhus were collected from the website of the Disease Web Statistical System supported by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). Simultaneous meteorological data, including temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and sunshine duration were collected from the website of the National Climate Data Service System by the Korea Meteorological Administration. Correlation and regression analyses were applied to identify the association between the incidence of scrub typhus and meteorological factors. Results: The general epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus in Jeollabuk-do Province were similar to those nationwide for sex, age, and geographical distribution. However, the annual incidence rate (i.e., cases per 100,000) of scrub typhus in Jeollabuk-do Province was approximately four times higher than all Korea's 0.9. The number of total cases was the highest proportion at 13.3% in Jeonbuk compared to other regions in Korea. The results of correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between annual cases of scrub typhus and monthly data for meteorological factors such as temperature and relative humidity in late spring and summer, especially in the case of temperature in May and June. The results of regression analysis showed that determining factors in the regression equation explaining the incidence of scrub typhus reached 46.2% and 43.5% in May and June. Using the regression equation, each 1oC rise in the monthly mean temperature in May or June may lead to an increase of 38 patients with scrub typhus compared to the annual mean of incidence cases in Jeollabuk-do Province. Conclusion: The result of our novel attempts provided rational evidence that meteorological factors are associated with the occurrence of scrub typhus in Jeollabuk-do. It should therefore be necessary to observe the trends and predict patterns of scrub typhus transmission in relation to global-scale climate change. Also, action is urgently needed in all areas, especially critical regions, toward taking steps to come up with preventive measures against scrub typhus transmission.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 고등학생의 성장환경에 따라 진로의사결정에 차이가 있는가를 알아보는 것이다. 고등학생 600명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하여 539부를 최종분석에 사용하여 성장환경 변인에 따라 군집분석을 실시하여 2개의 집단으로 구분하였다. 군집 A와 B는 성장환경에서 독립-성취 지향 요인을 제외하고 나머지 하위 요인의 점수에서 유의한 차이가 있어 성장환경의 특성이 서로 다른 집단임을 검증하였다. A group는 B group보다 정치적 사회적 지적 문화적인 활동에 관심을 갖고, 사회적 활동과 여가활동에 적극 참여하며 윤리적 도덕적 종교적 문제와 가치를 강조한다. 진로의사결정의 합리적 유형 점수는 A group보다 B group이 높고, 의존적 유형 점수는 A group이 B group보다 높다. 직업정보수집은 A group이 B group보다 점수가 높고, 목표설정과 자기평가 요인에서는 B group이 A group보다 점수가 높다. 성장환경의 특성에 따라 진로의사결정 유형과 자기효능감 점수는 차이가 있으므로 가정에서는 자녀에게 긍정적인 성장환경을 제공하는 것에 관심을 갖고 다양한 자극과 풍부한 경험이 제공되는 성장환경을 조성해 줌으로써 자녀들이 자신의 적성에 맞는 진로를 탐색하고 결정하는데 도움을 주어야 할 것이다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.162-182
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out to assess the current status of hospital wage structure and to find out the characteristics and problems in the current hospital wage structure. so as to provide empirical data for establishing a rational wage structure. The data were collected from administrative personnels in charge of wage management in 31 hospitals by using a structured questionnaire through direct visiting and mailing in Pusan Metropolitan City. The major findings in this study were as follows: First, the hospital wage structure applied differently to the basic wages between doctors and the other employees. The wage structure for doctors included performance rate of 51.6%, followed by a synthesis rate of 29.0%, while the wage for the other employees had the synthesis rate of 74.2%, followed by the seniority rate of 12.9%. Second, the wage consisted of a basic wage for 57.5%. the allowance for 21.1% and monthly installed bonus for 21.4%, and the basic wage comprised 68.3% of the total wage for doctors, as compared to 51.9% for nurses and medical technicians and 52.4% for administrative and managerial personnel. The annual rate of the bonus was average 460%, and 96.8% of the hospital did not consider personnel preformance appraisal when paying the bonus. Third, 80.6% of the hospitals applied the legal rate to the retirement allowance while 19.4% applying cumulative rates more than the legal rate, and all of university hospitals applied cumulative rates. Retirement reserves were practiced only in 54.9% of the hospitals. Forth, many hospitals seemed to be interested in applying graded wage system according to performance, by showing that 42.9% of the hospitals were planning to apply it in the future, despite only 9.7% practicing it. Fifth, the wage structure appeared to be complicated due to various kinds of allowances. The kind of the allowances varied among hospitals, ranging from 2 to 26 kinds, and increased as the size of hospital was larger. Sixth, the opinions leading to improve the basic wage structure favored the seniority rate for 51.6% either to maintain the present seniority rate(16.1%) or to apply the incentive pay in addition to the senior rate(35.5%). and also favored the performance rate for 35.5%, followed by the job rate for 12.9%. In conclusion, the current hospital wage structure seemed to be too complicated to reflect personal ability, contribution and performance and to become a big barrier to inducing worker's motivation and to strengthening in competitveness. Therefore it is suggested that the current wage structure should be revised to the one emphasizing on job and ability base with considering characteristics and situation of the hospital, rather than seniority factors.

• 융합보안논문지
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2014

정보화 및 인터넷의 급속한 발전에 따라 개인정보를 취급하는 기업에서 개인정보의 안전한 취급 관리를 위한 조치를 취하지 않아 개인정보가 유출되고 오 남용되는 사례가 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 이에 국내에서는 개인정보주체의 프라이버시 보호와 피해를 줄이기 위해 개인정보보호 관련 법제를 강화하고 관련 법제를 바탕으로 개인정보처리자가 개인정보를 보호하기 위한 안전성 확보조치 기준을 마련하고 따르도록 하고 있다. 그러나 개인정보의 안전성 확보조치 기준항목의 경우 각 개인정보 처리 기업의 특성 및 항목별 중요도에 따른 우선 적용 기준 등이 고려되지 않아 이행에 어려움이 따르고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 개인정보의 안전성 확보조치 기준들의 세부적인 사항들을 기존 문헌 연구와 관련 법률을 통해 평가 기준을 도출하고, 평가 기준의 정량화 및 계층화를 위해 KJ (Kawakita Jiro) 기법을 이용하여 유사기준 항목의 통합 및 그룹화를 하여 계층구조를 생성한다. 이렇게 생성된 계층 구조를 AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) 기법을 이용해 전문가 대상으로 가중치 산정하여 기업에서 보다 합리적이고 효율적인 개인정보보호를 위한 우선순위 제안을 목적으로 한다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 2016

터널 화재시 정체차량에 의한 정체길이가 터널연장을 초과할 경우, 환기저항의 증가에 따른 제연설비 용량의 증가가 발생하게 된다. 그러나 현행 방재지침에는 정체길이에 대한 정의가 없기 때문에 합리적 산출식의 제시가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 터널 화재시 정체차량 대수에 의한 정체길이의 산정식을 제시하고, 터널연장별 적용성 분석을 수행하였다. 일반적인 터널의 경우, 화재시 정체길이의 과도한 적용을 방지하기 위해서는 터널연장 1,200 m 까지는 정체길이와 터널연장과의 상호비교가 필요한 것으로 분석되었고, 모델터널에 대한 적용성 평가결과 제연용 제트팬의 절감효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 더불어 정체길이의 판별여부를 대형차혼입률과 터널연장의 관계로 설명할 수 있는 정량화 선도를 제시하였다. 결과적으로 제연설비 용량결정시, 정체차량에 의한 정체길이가 터널연장을 초과하는 경우에는 터널연장을 초과하는 차량대수는 차량에 의한 환기저항 산정에서 제외하는 것이 타당한 것으로 분석된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권9호
• /
• pp.1520-1532
• /
• 2020

Objective: Due to rapid economic return, mixed crop-swine farming systems in Korea have become more intensive. Intensive farming practices often cause nutrient surpluses and lead to environmental pollution. Nutrient budgets can be used to evaluate the environmental impact and as a regulatory policy instrument for nutrient management. This study was conducted to select a nutrient budgeting approach applicable to the mixed crop-swine farms in Korea and suggest an effective manure treatment method to reduce on-farm nutrient production. Methods: In this study, we compared current and ideal gross nutrient balance (GNB) approaches of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and soil system budget (SSB) approach with reference to on-farm manure treatment processes. Data obtained from farm census and published literature were used to develop the farm nutrient budgets. Results: The average nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) surpluses were approximately 11 times and over 7 times respectively higher in the GNB approaches than the SSB. After solid-liquid separation of manure, during liquid composting a change in aeration method from intermittent to continuous reduced the N and P loading about 50% and 47%, respectively. Although changing in solid composting method from turning only to turning+aeration improved the N removal efficiency by 30.5%, not much improvement in P removal efficiency was observed. Conclusion: Although the GNB approaches depict the impact of nutrients produced in the mixed crop-swine farms on the overall agricultural environment, the SSB approach shows the partitioning among different nutrient loss pathways and storage of nutrients within the soil system; thus, can help design sustainable nutrient management plans for the mixed cropswine farms. The study also suggests that continuous aeration for liquid composting and turning+aeration for solid composting can reduce nutrient loading to the soil.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권15호
• /
• pp.6381-6386
• /
• 2014

Background: The global burden of cancer is continuously increasing. According to recent report of the National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) on time trends it is estimated that future burden of cancer cases for India in 2020 will be 1,320,928. It is well known that knowledge of the incidence of cancer is a fundamental requirement of rational planning and monitoring of cancer control programs. It would help health planners to formulate public health policy if relevant ethnic groups were considered. North East-India alone contains over 160 Scheduled Tribes and 400 other sub-tribal communities and groups, whose cancer incidence rates are high compared to mainland India. As since no previous study was done focusing on ethnicity, the present investigation was performed. Materials and Methods: In this paper PBCR-Guwahati data on all cancer registrations from January 2009 to December 2011 for residents of the Kamrup Urban District, comprising an area of 261.8 sq. km with a total population of 900,518, including individual records with information on sex, age, ethnicity and cancer site are provided. Descriptive statistics including age adjusted rates (AARs) were taken as provided by NCRP. For comparison of proportional incidence ratios (PIR) the Student's t test was used, with p<0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results and Conclusions: Differences in leading sites of Kamrup Urban District since from the beginning of the PBCR-Guwahati were revealed among different ethnic groups by this study. The results should help policy makers to formulate different strategies to control the level of burden as well as for treatment planning. This study also suggests that age is an important factor of cancer among different ethnic populations as well as for overall population of Kamrup District of Assam.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 1986

현행(現行) 재래식(在來式) 철근(鐵筋)콘크리트 표준시방서(標準示方書)의 강도설계규준(强度設計規準)을 대치(代置)할 수 있는 AFOSM 신뢰성(信賴性) 이론(理論)에 의한 LRFD 신뢰성(信賴性) 설계규준(計規準)을 제안(提案)하는 것이 본(本) 연구(硏究) 주요내용(主要內容)이다. 우리의 현실(現實)을 고려한 각(各) R.C. 구조요소별(構造要素別) 저항(抵抗) 및 하중효과(荷重効果)의 불확실량(不確實量)을 사용하여 현행(現行) R.C. 표준시방서(標準示方書)의 신뢰성(信賴性) 수준(水準)을 검정(檢定)하므로서 우리 실정(實情)에 맞는 합리적(合理的)인 목표신뢰성지수(目標信賴性指數)를 선택한 다음, 확률변수(確率變數)의 비정규분포(非正規分布)를 등가(等價)의 정규분포(正規分布)로 변환(變換)시킨 Rackwitz-Fiessler의 실용적(實用的) 알고리즘을 이용한 AFOSM 법(法)에 의해 계산(計算)된 하중조합별(荷重組合別) 하중(荷重) 및 저항계수(抵抗係數)로부터 합리적(合理的)인 공통(共通) 하중계수(荷重係數)를 선정하고 이에 대응(對應)하는 각(各) 요소별(要素別) 저항계수(抵抗係數)를 산정(算定)하므로서 LRFD 설계규준(設計規準)을 제안(提案)하였다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 제안(提案)하는 R.C. 구조(構造)의 LRFD 신뢰성(信賴性) 설계규준(設計規準)을 현행(現行) R.C. 표준시방서(標準示方書)의 강도설계규준(强度設計規準)에 대응(對應)하는 설계규준(設計規準)으로 도입(導入)함이 바람직하다는 사실(事實)을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.231-243
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 이용 가능한 자료가 제약이 있는 실제 농업용 저수지 붕괴에 대한 2차원 홍수범람해석의 적용성을 보여주었다. 연구 대상 유역은 2013년 파이핑 현상에 의해 붕괴가 발생한 경주 산대저수지 및 하류부 지역이다. 본 연구에서는 1차원 모형으로 파이핑 붕괴에 따른 유출수문곡선을 도출하고, 이를 2차원 수치모형의 상류단 경계조건으로 사용하여 모의를 수행하였다. 2차원 홍수파 해석을 위해서 수치지도와 위성자료를 합성하여 지형자료를 구성하였고, 건물, 도로, 운동장 등의 형상을 정확하게 반영하기 위해 $3m{\times}3m$ 크기의 정형격자를 사용하여 모의를 수행하였다. 현장조사된 저수지 붕괴유출량, 범람범위, 홍수심 그리고 홍수 전파시간과 계산치를 비교하고, 합리적인 범위의 결과를 보여줌으로써 모형의 검증을 수행하였다. 또한, 격자크기, 건물 및 조도계수가 홍수범람에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 향후 농업용 저수지의 붕괴해석 및 하류부의 비상대처계획 수립에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.