• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1998년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.370-375
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• 1998

Spectral reflectance signatures of upland crops at OSMI bands were collected and evaluated for the feasibility of crop discrimination knowledge-based on crop calendar. Effective bands and their ratio values for discriminating corn from two other legumes were defined with OSMI equivalent bands and their ratio values. June 22 among measurements dates was the best date for corn discrimination from two other legumes, peanut and soybean, because all OSMI equivalent bands and their ratio values in June 22 were highly significant for corn separability. Phenological growth stage of a silage corn (rs510) could be estimated as a function of spectral reflectance signatures in vegetative stage. Five growth stage prediction models were generated by the SAS procedures REG and STEPWISE with OSMI equivalent bands and their ratio values in vegetative stage.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.343-352
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• 1998

주요 밭작물인 옥수수, 땅콩, 콩에 대한 시계열 분광반사율 자료를 수집하여, 작물의 재배력과 분광반사 특성 차이에 따른 작물간 구분여부를 살펴보았다. 분광반사계를 이용하여 각 작물의 생육기간 동안 0.33~1.10 $mu{m}$ 범위의 파장영역에서 약 12회 분광반사율을 측정하였다. OSMI의 중심 파장역 또는 중심 파장역과 가장 가까운 채널인 445nm, 490nm, 510nm, 555nm, 690nm, 865nm를 각각 OSMI 동등 밴드 1,2,3,4,5,6 으로 하였다. OSMI 동등 밴드와 밴드간 비율을 이용하여 일반선형모형(GLM) 분석한 결과, 분광반사율 측정일 중 옥수수와 두류작물을 구분하기에 가장 적합한 시기는 6월 22일인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 옥수수 생육에 따른 분광반사율과 밴드간 비율을 이용하여 청예용 옥수수인 rs510의 영양생장기 동안 생육단계를 추정하는 다중회귀식을 만들었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.208-208
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• 2002

Relationship between chlorophyll a in the East China Sea and spectral bands (412, 443,490, (510), 555, (676,765) in) of OSMI (Ocean Scanning Multi-Spectral Imager) including the profile multi-spectral radiometer (PRR-800) was studied. The values of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) at the bands corresponding to the field chlorophyll a in α in the East China Sea were much higher than those in clear waters off California, USA. In case of the particle absorptions related to the chlorophyll a concentration at the spectral bands (440, 670 nm) were much higher in the East China Sea than the ones in the clean waters off California. The normalized water leaving radiances (nLw) at 412, 443, 490, 555 m of OSMI and field chlorophyll a in the East China Sea were correlated each other. According to the results, the relationship between field chlorophyll a and nLw 410 m in OSMI bands was the lowest, whereas that between the field chlorophyll a and nLw 555 nm in the bands was the highest. Reciprocal action between the field chlorophyll a and the band ratio of the OSMI bands (nLw410/nLw555, nLw443/nLw555, nLw490/nLw555) was also studied. Correlation between the chlorophyll a and the band ratio (nLw490/nLw555) was highest in the OSMI bands. Relationship between the chlorophyll a and the ratio (nLw443/nLw555) was higher than one in the nLw410/nLw555. The difference in the estimated chlorophyll α (mg/m3) between OSMI and SeaWiFS (Sea Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor) at the special observing stations in the northern eastern sea of Jeju Island in february 25, 2002 was about less than 0.3 mg/m3 within 3 hours. It is suggested that OC2 (ocean color chlorophyll 2 algorithm) be used to get much better estimation of chlorophyll α from OSMI than the ones from the updated algorithms as OC4.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1999년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.396-402
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• 1999

The aim of this study is to assess the OSMI (Ocean Scanning Multi-spectral Imager), whose central bands are 443nm, 490nm, 510nm, 555nm, 670nm, and 865nm, for agricultural applications. Radiance measurements, used to determine per cent reflectance of canopies and soils, were acquired with spectro-radiometers (Li-1800;330~1,100nm, GER-SFOV;350 ~2,500nm, and MSR-7000; 300~2,500nm) in situ for crops and indoors for soils. OSMI equivalent bands and their ratio values were prepared(20nm interval for bands 1~5; 4nm interval for band 6) by averaging spectral reflectance values to the real OSMI bands and analyzed as to crop growth parameters, leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter, and growth index in crops and physiochemical properties in soils. Spectral variations for each growth stage in rice and for crop discrimination in upland crops were significant statistically. In soils, clay and water content, CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity), free iron oxide, and some cation content were correlated with the OSMI equivalent bands. The result of this study shows OSMI wave bands would be promising for agricultural application in terms of spectral information and resolution.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.307-319
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• 1999

The aim of this study is to assess the OSMI (Ocean Scanning Multi-spectral Imager), whose central bands are 443nm, 490nm, 510nm, 555nm, 670nm, and 865nm, for agricultural applications. Radiance measurements, used to determine per cent reflectance of canopies and soils, were acquired with spectro-radiometers (Li-1800;330∼1,100nm, GER-SFOV;350∼2,500nm, and MSR-7000; 300∼2,500nm) in situ for crops and indoors for soils. OSMI equivalent bands and their ratio values were prepared(20nm interval for bands 1∼5; 40nm interval for band 6) by averaging spectral reflectance values to the real OSMI bands and analyzed as to crop growth parameters, leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter, and growth index in crops and physiochemical properties in soils. Spectral variations for each growth stage in rice and for crop discrimination in upland crops were significant statistically. In soils, clay and water content, CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity), free iron oxide, and some cation content were correlated with the OSMI equivalent bands. The result of this study shows OSMI wave bands would be promising for agricultural application in terms of spectral information and resolution.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제29권3E호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2010

This paper proposes a novel spectral hole substitution technique for low bit-rate audio coding. The spectral holes frequently occurring in relatively weak energy bands due to zero bit quantization result in severe quality degradation, especially for harmonic signals such as speech vowels. The enhanced aacPlus (EAAC) audio codec artificially adjusts the minimum signal-to-mask ratio (SMR) to reduce the number of spectral holes, but it still produces noisy sound. The proposed method selectively predicts the spectral shapes of hole bands using either intra-band correlation, i.e. harmonically related coefficients nearby or inter-band correlation, i.e. previous frames. For the bands that have low prediction gain, only the energy term is quantized and spectral shapes are replaced by pseudo random values in the decoding stage. To minimize perceptual distortion caused by spectral mismatching, the criterion of the just noticeable level difference (JNLD) and spectral similarity between original and predicted shapes are adopted for quantizing the energy term. Simulation results show that the proposed method implemented into the EAAC baseline coder significantly improves speech quality at low bit-rates while keeping equivalent quality for mixed and music contents.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.16-28
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• 2013

최근 초분광영상의 활용 연구사례와 다양한 분광지수들의 개발과 평가가 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 특히 식생원격탐사 분야에서는 식생의 스트레스와 활력에 대한 지표로 식생지수가 사용되며 일반적으로 NIR과 red 파장대의 두 개 혹은 이상의 분광밴드를 선택적으로 사용하고 있다. 항공 초분광영상은 좁고 연속적인 수많은 밴드를 가지기 때문에 식생지수를 위한 밴드선택에 혼돈을 야기할 수 있다. 만약 식생지수를 개발하는 과정에서 사용된 밴드와 항공기를 이용해 취득한 센서의 밴드정보와 동일하지 않다면, 탐지 대상의 광학특성에 대한 설명력이 높은 적절한 밴드를 선택하는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 NIR과 red 파장영역에 속하는 4개의 후보밴드를 선택하고 이들의 조합으로 계산된 NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index)와 MSRI(modified simple ratio index)를 산출하였다. 산출된 식생지수들에 대해서 각 지수들의 변이를 살펴보기 위해 변화탐지 기법의 차연산(image differencing)을 이용하였다. 또한 보다 직접적인 분석을 위해서 분광미분(spectral derivative)을 통하여 임상도로 구분되는 식생의 종류별 분광특성을 가장 잘 설명할 수 있는 밴드를 확인하였다. 연구 결과로 후보밴드들 중에서 red #3(680.2nm)와 NIR #2(801.7nm)가 수림에 영향을 적게 받고 밴드의 변동이 적은 적절한 밴드로 선택할 수 있었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.115-133
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• 1990

Study was made on the spectral characteristics of rock samples including bentonites collected from the northern Ulsan area. The geology of the area consists mainly of sediments of the Kyongsang Series and Bulguksa granite, the Tertiary volcanics, andesites and tuffs. Relative reflectances of meshed samples(2.5~10mm) to BaSO$_4$ are measured at 6 Landsat TM spectral windows (excluding the thermal band) with HHRR, and their reflection charactristics were analysed. In addition, three different data selection schemes including the Eulidean distance, multiple regression, and PCA weight methods were applied to the 30 TM ratio channels, derived from the above 6 bands. The selected data sets were subject to two unsupervised classification techniques(FA and ISODATA) in order to compare the effectiveness for classification of particularly bentonite from others. As a result, in ISODATA analysis the multiple regression model shows the best, followed by the Euliean distances one. The PCA weight model seems to show some confusion. In FA, though difficult for quantitative analysis, the best still seems to be the regression model. Among ratio bands, rations of band 7 or 5 against other bands represent the best contribution in classification of bentonites from others.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.63-87
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• 1985

Considerable experience has been reported on the use of spectral data to measure the canopy biomass of dryland grain crops and the use of these estimates to forecast subsequent grain yield. These basic procedures were retested to assess the use of the general process to forecasting grain yield for paddy rice. The use of the ratio of a multiband radiometer simulation of Thematic Mapper band 4(.76 to .90 .mu.m) divided by band 3 (.63 to .69 .mu.m) was tested to estimate the canopy biomass of paddy rice as a function of the stage of development of the rice. The correlation was found to be greatest (R = .94) at panicle differentiation about midway through the development cycle of the rice canopy. The use of this ratio of two spectral bands as a surrogate for canopy biomass was then tested for its correlation against final grain yield. These spectral estimates of canopy biomass produced the highest correlations with final grain yield (R = .87) when measured at the canopy development stages of panicle differentiation and heading. The impact of varying the amounts of supplemental nitrogen on the use of spectral measuremants of canopy biomass to estimate grain yield was also determined. The effect of the development of a significant amount of weed biomass in the rice canopy was also clearly detected.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2020

Image classification needs the spectral similarity comparison between spectral features of each pixel and the representative spectral features of each class. The spectral similarity is obtained by computing the spectral feature vector distance between the pixel and the class. Each spectral feature contributes differently in the image classification depending on the class separability of the spectral feature, which is computed using a suitable vector distance measure such as the Bhattacharyya distance. We propose a method to determine the weight value of each spectral feature in the computation of feature vector distance for the similarity measurement. The weight value is determined by the ratio between each feature separability value to the total separability values of all the spectral features. We created ten spectral features consisting of seven bands of Landsat-8 OLI image and three indices, NDVI, NDWI and NDBI. For three experimental test sites, we obtained the overall accuracies between 95.0% and 97.5% and the kappa coefficients between 90.43% and 94.47%.