• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.451-464
• /
• 2008

6 시그마는 백만 기회당 3.4개의 결점만을 갖는 최고의 품질수준을 의미한다. 일반적으로 높은 시그마 품질수준은 고객들에게 높은 만족도를 부여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 공정능력지수들과 시그마 품질수준 $Z_{st}$는 6시그마 산업에서 공정능력을 평가하기 위하여 널리 이용되고 있다 공정능력지수에 관한 대부분의 평가들은 공정능력분석에 대해 경우에 따라 믿기 어려운 상황을 초래할 수도 있는 점 추정에 초점을 두고 있다. 본 논문에서는 현장 실무자들이 공정능력 여부를 결정하기 위하여 사용하고 있는 6시그마 품질수준 $Z_{st}$와 공정능력지수들 $C_p$, $C_{pk}$와 $C_{pm}$에 대하여 몇 가지 통계적 추정문제를 기초로 보다 효율적인 검정 방법에 대하여 제안, 연구하였다. 제안된 붓스트랩 검정 방법에 근거한 모의실험 결과는 공정분포의 정규성 여부에 관계없이 그리고 복잡한 계산 과정 없이 보다 효율적으로 적용될 수 있음을 입증하고 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on functional recovery after rat with experimental SCI. Methods: SCI was induced by the NYU-spinal cord impactor(NYU, USA) dropped a weight of 10 gm after laminectomy. Experimental groups were divided into the Group I (normal), Group II (control) and Group III(treadmill exercise). After 2 days of the operation, 24 rats(group II, III) were trained to walk on treadmill for 21 days twice/day, 15 min/session. After operation, rats were tested at modified Tarlov scale at 1, 2, 3, 4 days with divided into 2 groups, and Motor behavior test(BBB locomotor rating scale, Grid walking test, Narrow beam crossing test, Modified inclined plane test) was examined at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. Histopathological study were performed at 1. 3, 7, 14 and 21 days by H&E, Luxol Fast Blue staining were same times. Results: After SCI an improvement of motor behavior was shown group II, III. The motor behavior test of group Ill showed considerable improvement until 14 days. Conclusion: These results suggest that treadmill exercise treatment can playa role in facilitating recovery of locomotion following spinal cord injury.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of direct functional magnetic stimulation (FMS) of affected spinal cord on motor recovery following spinal cord injury in rats. Methods: After a contusion injury at the spinal level T9 using an NYU Impactor, functional magnetic stimulation was delivered by a magnetic stimulator through a round prototype coil (7 cm in diameter). Stimulation parameters were set as follows: repetition rate = 50 Hz (stimulus intensity 100% = 0.18 T), stimulation time = 20 min. Functional magnetic stimulation was administered twice a day, 5 days per week for 8 weeks starting 4 days after spinal cord injury. Functional magnetic stimulationwas delivered directly to the affected spinal cord. Outcomes of locomotor performance were assessed by the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale and by an inclined plane test weekly for 8 weeks. Results: In the BBB test, hindlimb motor function in the Functional magnetic stimulation group improved significantly more compared to the control group at 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 weeks (p<0.05). In the inclined plane test, the angle of the plane in the functional magnetic stimulation group increased significantly more compared to the control group at 4, 5, 7, and 8 weeks (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that direct Functional magnetic stimulation of the lesional site may have beneficial effects on motor improvement after spinal cord injury.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.49-58
• /
• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the usefulness of the following four comorbidity indices in gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery: Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI), Cumulative Illness rating scale(CIRS), Index of Co-existent Disease(ICED), and Kaplan-Feinstein Scale(KFS). Methods : The study subjects were 614 adults who underwent surgery for gastric cancer at K hospital between 2005 and 2007. We examined the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of 4 comorbidity indices for 50 patients. Reliability was evaluated with Spearman rho coefficients for CCI and CIRS, while Kappa values were used for the ICED and KFS indices. Logistic regression was used to determine how these comorbidity indices affected unplanned readmission and death. Multiple regression was used for determining if the comorbidity indices affected length of stay and hospital costs. Results : The test-retest reliability of CCI and CIRS was substantial(Spearman rho=0.746 and 0.775, respectively), while for ICED and KFS was moderate(Kappa=0.476 and 0.504, respectively). The inter-rater reliability of the CCI, CIRS, and ICED was moderate(Spearman rho=0.580 and 0.668, and Kappa=0.433, respectively), but for KFS was fair(Kappa=0.383). According to the results from logistic regression, unplanned readmissions and deaths were not significantly different between the comorbidity index scores. But, according to the results from multiple linear regression, the CIRS group showed a significantly increased length of hospital stay(p<0.01). Additionally, CCI showed a significant association with increased hospital costs (p<0.01). Conclusions : This study suggests that the CCI index may be useful in the estimation of comorbidities associated with hospital costs, while the CIRS index may be useful where estimatation of comorbiditie associated with the length of hospital stay are concerned.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.54-62
• /
• 2020

2019년 10월 16일부터 2019년 12월 16일까지 동국대학교 일산한방병원에서 요통을 호소하시며 X-ray 상 급성기 이상 소견이 없는 환자 3명을 대상으로 하였다. 한방응급실을 통해 입원한 급성 요통 증후군 환자에 대한 봉독약침요법을 포함한 한의학적 치료를 시행한 증례에 있어서 다양한 치료 효과를 확인하였다. NRS, ODI, EQ-5D, EQ-VAS의 모든 지표에서 임상적 호전의 결과를 관찰할 수 있었으며 환자의 주관적인 호전도에 있어서도 큰 변화를 얻을 수 있었고, 봉독약침에 대한 이상반응은 없었다. 봉독약침요법을 포함한 한의학적 치료를 통해 급성 요통이 완화되었으며 요추 ROM 증진 및 운동기능이 개선되고, 치료 기간을 단축시켜 환자의 삶의 질적인 측면에서 큰 호전을 보였다. 향후 급성 요통 증후군에 대한 봉독약침요법의 치료효과를 확인하기 위해 대규모 전향적 연구뿐만 아니라 대조군 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.409-420
• /
• 1996

Consumer's perceptions of the qualities of food and food-related services were surveyed through questionnaires by 672 adults randomly selected from 20 industrial foodservice in Pusan and Kyeung Nam area. The results are as follows: 1) By age, the elderly group gaved the highest mean score not only for freshness and temperature among the food characteristics but also for cleanliness of dishes and materials of dishes among the food-related service. 2) By occupation, the white collar worker group gaved the highest mean score in all characteristics of food and food-related service than did the blue collar worker group. Especially for courtesy of employees, the mean rating given by the white collar worker group was 3.15/5.00, but by the blue collar worker group was 2.67/5.00. 3) Good appetitive group rated taste of food 3.15/5.00, quality of food vs. food price 3.17/5.00, and freshness 3.15/5.00. But poor appetitive group rated taste of food 2.44/5.00, quality of food vs. food price 2.65/5.00, and freshness 2.70/5.00. 4) Men agreed that the rice and soup were right in amount. And women responded that the rice was in a large amount and the soup was not enough. 5) The white collar worker group agreed that the rice, the soup, the side dish, and the kimchi were right in amount. However the blue collar worker group agreed that the rice was right in amount, the soup and the side dish were not enough, and the kimchi was in a large amount. For seasoning of food, the white collar worker group responded that the salty taste and the hotness were just right. But the blue collar worker group responded that the food was neither salty nor hot at all. 6) The taste of food was shown to be positively correlated (p<0.001) with various food item combinations, freshness of food, and the variety of cooking methods.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.57-70
• /
• 2015

Purpose - Open source software has high utilization in most of the server market. The utilization of open source software is a global trend. Particularly, Internet infrastructure and platform software open source software development has increased rapidly. Since 2003, the Korean government has published open source software promotion policies and a supply promotion policy. The dynamism of the open source software market, the lack of relevant expertise, and the market transformation due to reasons such as changes in the relevant technology occur slowly in relation to adoption. Therefore, this study proposes an assessment model of services provided in an open source software service company. In this study, the service level of open source software companies is classified into an enterprise-level assessment area, the service level assessment area, and service area. The assessment model is developed from an on-site driven evaluation index and proposed evaluation framework; the evaluation procedures and evaluation methods are used to achieve the research objective, involving an impartial evaluation model implemented after pilot testing and validation. Research Design, data, and methodology - This study adopted an iteration development model to accommodate various requirements, and presented and validated the assessment model to address the situation of the open source software service company. Phase 1 - Theoretical background and literature review Phase 2 - Research on an evaluation index based on the open source software service company Phase 3 - Index improvement through expert validation Phase 4 - Finalizing an evaluation model reflecting additional requirements Based on the open source software adoption case study and latest technology trends, we developed an open source software service concept definition and classification of public service activities for open source software service companies. We also presented open source software service company service level measures by developing a service level factor analysis assessment. The Behavior-Structure-Evolution Evaluation Model (BSEM) proposed in this study consisted of a rating methodology for calculating the level that can be granted through the assessment and evaluation of an enterprise-level data model. An open source software service company's service comprises the service area and service domain, while the technology acceptance model comprises the service area, technical domain, technical sub-domain, and open source software name. Finally, the evaluation index comprises the evaluation group, category, and items. Results - Utilization of an open source software service level evaluation model For the development of an open source software service level evaluation model, common service providers need to standardize the quality of the service, so that surveys and expert workshops performed in open source software service companies can establish the evaluation criteria according to their qualitative differences. Conclusion - Based on this evaluation model's systematic evaluation process and monitoring, an open source software service adoption company can acquire reliable information for open source software adoption. Inducing the growth of open source software service companies will facilitate the development of the open source software industry.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2018

Background: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been performed under regional and general anesthesia (GA). The general anesthesia versus local anesthesia for carotid surgery study compared the two techniques and concluded that there was no difference in perioperative outcomes. However, since this trial, new sedative agents have been introduced and devices that improve the delivery of regional anesthesia (RA) have been developed. The primary purpose of this pilot study was to compare intraoperative hemodynamic stability and postoperative outcomes between GA and ultrasound-guided superficial cervical plexus block (UGSCPB) under dexmedetomidine sedation for CEA. Methods: Medical records from 43 adult patients who underwent CEA were retrospectively reviewed, including 16 in the GA group and 27 in the RA group. GA was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. The UGSCPB was performed with ropivacaine under dexmedetomidine sedation. We compared the intraoperative requirement for vasoactive drugs, postoperative complications, pain scores using the numerical rating scale, and the duration of hospital stay. Results: There was no difference between groups in the use of intraoperative antihypertensive drugs. However, intraoperative inotropic and vasopressor agents were more frequently required in the GA group (p<0.0001). In the GA group, pain scores were significantly higher during the first 24 h after surgery (p<0.0001 between 0-6 h, p<0.004 between 6-12 h, and p<0.001 between 12-24 h). The duration of hospital stay was significantly more in the GA group ($13.3{\pm}4.6days$ in the GA group vs. $8.5{\pm}2.4days$ in the RA group, p<0.001). Conclusion: In this pilot study, intraoperative hemodynamic stability and postoperative outcomes were better in the RA compared to the GA group.

• 방사선산업학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The gonad shielding is used to minimize the impact of the exposure to gonads when Abdomen, Pevis and Hip X-ray inspections are conducted on radiation impressionable pediatric patients. By the way, the gonad is palpable difficult and impossible to check visually because it's a sensitive area, so tests are conducted with the approximate location of shielding, thereby appearing problems of not shielding gonads accurately. Accordingly, this study produced shields by age and gender of pediatric patients and studied the method of positioning shields with ASIS as a reference point without palpable sensitive areas, and tried to evaluate its usability. Materials and methods: The study surveyed 30 pediatric patients by gender and age, who came and got inspected in Department of Radiology, our hospital from February 2012 to January 2014 and obtained the value of tolerance by measuring the average size of the pelvis using the distance measurement function of Infinitt Piview with the images stored in the PACS and producing shields by age and gender of pediatric patients and specifying the areas at random for the comparative analysis of pre- and post-using. It calculated the technology statistics($mean{\pm}SD$) with the value of tolerance measured the length using SPSS 12.0 statistical program. Results: As for boys, differences in the tolerance range of pre- and post-using shields were 2.69 mm in case of 1 year old, 2.58 mm in 2 years, 2.37 mm in 3 years, 2.815 mm in 4~5 years, 2.043 mm in 7~10 years, and as for girls, 1.92 mm in 1~2 years, 1.75 mm in 3~4 years, 2.52 mm in 5~6 years and 1.93 mm in 7~10. After analyzing the pre- and post-using shields for all of boys and girls, there were statistically significant differences(P<0.050). Conclusions: It is considered that we can minimize the exposure to gonads and get a better video for diagnosis in testing high biological impressionable pediatric, if we use shields correctly with ASIS as a reference point considering its shape and size by age and gender in Abdomen, Pevis and Hip X-ray inspections.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.595-603
• /
• 2019

현재 자가용의 수요가 지속적으로 증가하는 현 시점에서 대중교통 활성화를 위한 대책으로 부산광역시에서는 BRT를 구축하였다. 그러나 BRT 정류장과 일반정류장은 통일성이 없으며, 버스 노선체계 운영상 BRT 노선을 벗어나는 횟수가 많아 좌 우회전하는 버스가 BRT 노선에서 일반 도로로 진입하여 차량의 흐름을 방해하는 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 또한 BRT 진출입부의 병목 현상이 가속화되면서 특히 교통량이 많은 출퇴근 시간대에 정체를 유발하여 승용차 운전자 그룹의 불만을 초래하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 시민의식 조사를 통해 BRT 구간의 운행 효과를 높일 수 있는 효율적인 방안을 도출하고자 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 BRT 서비스 평가 항목 외에 현재 BRT에 대한 문제요인을 항목으로 추가하여 BRT 시설 및 운영에 대해 IPA를 이용하여 중요도 만족도 평가를 실시하였다. BRT에 대한 의식과 주 교통수단에 따라 그룹을 구분하여 그룹 간 차이를 보고자 하였다. 그 결과, BRT에 대해 긍정적이면서 버스 이용자 그룹은 버스의 쾌적성, 무단횡단단속에 대한 개선이 필요하며, 부정적이면서 승용차 이용자 그룹은 BRT 버스의 차로변경, 승용차통행속도에 대한 개선이 필요하다고 나타났다. 앞서 차이를 나타낸 그룹을 다차원척도법 중 MDPREF법을 활용하여 면밀히 살펴본 결과 평가항목과 교통수단 별 이용자 그룹 응답자의 개인속성 간의 평가방향이 잘 나타났으며, 평가문항에 대한 응답자들의 부합정도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.