• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.535-538
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• 2006

The coastline of the Choa Phraya Rivermouth in the Upper Gulf of Thailand has been changed drastically. The western side especially at Ban Laem Sing was eroded for 400 meter in 26 years or with the rate of 15 meter per year on the average. The Metropolitan Electricity Authority has granted five years research project to us to study the efficiency of the electric pole fence as a mean to reduce the wave force and increase sedimentation rate inside for mangrove replantation. If the method works efficiently, it will be used to reclaim the coastal land loss in other areas in Thailand. The project was done since 2005 after the fence was constructed completely in October 2005. The oceanographic surveys were conducted before and after the construction in northeast monsoon season to study the impact of physical oceanographic forces on the coastline change. The sedimentation rates were measured each month. It is rather low about 2 cm/month. The subsiding rate from the load of deltaic sediment and groundwater withdraw using boring data is about 30 mm/year. The cumulative sinking rate is 55.8 cm from 1978 to 1995. We have tried to design the method of mangrove plantation in this area. The remote sensing data such as LANDSAT and aerial photos from 1987 to 2002 for 15 years were used to compute the rate of coastline change at each 50 m section along the western side of the rivermouth.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2020

This study analyzed the annual difference of firm's book income, taxable income and BTD that before and after the 2009 corporate tax rate cut and 2018 corporate tax rate increase. ANOVA analysis was performed for each item by year, and post hoc was performed after homogeneity test of variance. The research results are as follows. First, the book income at corporate tax rate cut was higher than taxable income, and BTD in 2008 was significantly different from other years. Second, the book income at corporate tax rate increase was less than taxable income, and BTD in 2017 was also significantly different from other years. In other words, the firm is performing appropriate profit adjustments to reduce of tax burden when the corporate tax rate changes. Because of this, the BTD in the year immediately before the corporate tax rate change is different from other years.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.264-272
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• 2022

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly disrupted cancer screening services worldwide. We aimed to measure the impact of COVID-19 on gastric cancer screening rates based on age, sex, household income, and residential area. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey from 2017 to 2021 for adults aged 40-74 years. We evaluated the gastric cancer screening rate within two years in accordance with the National Cancer Screening Program protocol recommendations and that within the previous year. We compared the trends in the pre- and post-COVID-19 outbreak periods. Results: Before the COVID-19 outbreak, there was little change in the gastric cancer screening rates until 2019. After the COVID-19 outbreak, the screening rate as per recommendation decreased from 70.8% in 2019 to 68.9% in 2020 and that for one year decreased from 32.7% in 2019 to 27.2% in 2020. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic continued after 2020, both gastric cancer screening rates as per recommendations and for one year rebounded. Although a similar trend was observed for the upper endoscopy screening rate, the upper gastrointestinal series screening rate decreased from 7.8% in 2020 to 3.1% in 2021. During the pandemic, the screening rate decreased among younger adults (40-49), those residing in metropolitan regions, and those with high incomes. Conclusions: Despite a decline in gastric cancer screening rate during the COVID-19 pandemic, the rate surged in 2021. Further studies are needed to estimate the impact of cancer screening delays on future cancer-related mortalities.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.sup1
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• pp.53-69
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To determine the weight change trend among the adult Turkish population after 1 yr of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and factors associated with weight change. MATERIALS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 26 February and 6 March 2021 using an online questionnaire that included questions for sociodemographic variables, eating habits, stress level, and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18. Those who weighed themselves 1-2 weeks before the pandemic was declared in Turkey and remembered their weight were invited to participate in the study. Trends in weight and body mass index (BMI) change were calculated. The variables associated with a 1% change in BMI were assessed using hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The study was conducted with 1,630 adults (70.25% female) with a mean age of 32.09 (11.62) yrs. The trend of weight change was found to increase by an average of 1.15 ± 6.10 kg (female +0.72 ± 5.51, male +2.16 ± 7.22 kg) for the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate of participants with a normal BMI (18.50-24.99 kg/m²) decreased to 51.91% from 55.75%. Consuming an "Increased amount of food compared to before the pandemic" was found to be the independent variable that had the strongest association with a 1% increase in BMI (β = 0.23 P < 0.001). The average change in the BMI was higher in older individuals than in those who were younger. A high stress level was associated with a decrease in BMI (β = -0.04 P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the factors associated with weight change after 1 yr of the pandemic in the Turkish population was reported for the first time. A high stress level and increased weight gain trend still occur in Turkey after 1 yr of the pandemic.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.321-328
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• 2000

Working day variations caused by trading days, holidays and leap year make it difficult to analyze monthly or quarterly economic time series. In this paper, we adjust working day variations from economic time series via RegARIMA model.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4613-4617
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• 2012

National cancer incidence data were utilized to analyze trends in esophageal cancer incidence in China in order to provide basic information for making cancer control strategy. We retrieved and re-sorted valid esophageal cancer incidence data from National Central Cancer Registry Database over 20 years period from 1989 to 2008. Crude incidence and age-standardized incidence rates were calculated for analysis, with annual percent change estimated by Joinpoint software for long term trend analysis. The crude incidence rate of esophageal cancer was found to have remained relatively stable in both urban and rural areas over the 20 year period. Age standardized incidence rate (ASR) in cancer registration areas decreased from 39.5/100,000 in 1989 to 23.0/100,000 in 2008 in all areas (AAPC=-3.3%, 95% CI:-2.8~-3.7). The trend was no change in urban areas and 2.1% average annual decrease observed in rural aras. Before the year of 2000, esophageal cancer incidence rates significant decreased with 2.8% annually and then the rates kept stable. Over 20 years from 1989 to 2008, esophageal cancer age standardized incidence rate in cancer registration areas decreased with time. However, esophageal cancer is still a big issue and efforts for control should be continuously enhanced. Cancer registration is playing an important role in cancer control with the number of registries increasing and data quality improving in China.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2010

The variations of marine accidents and ship's insurences are measures for assessing the effects of ISM Code implementation, bemuse expenses for the treatment of ship accidents and compensations for the loss have an effect on the ship's insurence. In order to understand the results and accmplishements of ISM Code implementation in Korea, the rise and the fall of marine accidents and ship's insurences were analyzed and examined in domestic shipping companies from one year before implementation to eight years after implementation of ISM Code. As the result of analysis, compared with the period of a year before implementation of ISM Code, the decrease of about 14.4% in marine accidents was shown in the 8th year after ISM Code implementation in Korea, and ship's insurance rates tended to decrease from year to year.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.115-135
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• 2015

In the technological cycle model, a technological discontinuity leads to the inception of industry evolution. Before the emergence of de facto standard, it is defined as era of ferment, while era of incremental change is defined after the emergence. In the era of ferment, market and product have high uncertainties, but the competition becomes fiercer in the era of incremental change. Hence, new or revised managerial strategies are required before and after the de facto standard. However, our understanding is limited. In this study, we explore determinants of firm survival after the emergence of de facto standard. We test these using 6650 product/year observations from 1983 to 2002. The results reveal that entry before the emergence of de facto standard, and the number of product in the market will increase exit rate. However, the number of company will reduce exit rate. Our findings illustrate distinctive characteristics of the industry after the emergence of de facto standard. We'll discuss academic and political implications in the last section of this paper.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2016

PURPOSE : The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health behaviors of child users of local children's centers before and after receiving oral health education in an effort to develop a well-organized oral health education program. METHOD : The subjects in this study were the elementary school students who used 13 different local children's centers in the city of Busan. The questionnaire was intended for children and consisted of 31 items, which were four about eating food, three about washing hands, two about smoking, five about toothbrushing and dental clinic visit, five about tooth damage and dental pain, seven about knowledge and awareness of dental health and six about dental health attitude. RESULT : 1. The rate of the children who replied they didn't brush their teeth on the previous day stood at 5.8 percent before the program, and this rate rose to 13.0 percent after that. The differences were significant(p=0.026). 2. The rate of the former after the program stood at 61 percent, and that of the latter stood at 39 percent. The differences were statistically significant(p=0.019). CONCLUSION : The oral health behaviors were investigated before and after oral health education was provided, and this education was found not to be sufficient enough to change their oral health care. So it seems necessary to increase the frequency of oral health education by providing it twice a year. In addition, oral health education programs geared toward teachers in local children's centers who spend time with children should additionally be strengthened to offer more education to these children.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1203-1212
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• 2012

Yongsan ward is located at central place connecting south and north ecology axis of seoul. Various environment-friendly Yongsan development could pose positive effects on NPS(non pollutant source) pollutant reductions and water quality improvement at Han-rive because BOD, T-N, and T-P NPS discharges took 90% of total pollutant from this area. In this study, direct runoff and NPS pollutant loads were evaluated before and after development using spatio-tamporal change in CN(curve number) and EMC(event mean concentration) data. It was found that direct runoff value is $23,584,724m^3$, and BOD, T-N and T-P loads are 104,456 kg/year, 111,483 kg/year and 7,500 kg/year under pre-development condition, respectively. Annual runoff, BOD, T-N and T-P reducing rate were 12.9%, 33.3%, 35.6% and 40.7% under integrated post-development condition, respectively. Based on the results obtained in this study, environment-friendly urban development could be achieved at Yongsan area.