• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1981-1985
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• 2005

Kinetic studies have been performed for alkaline hydrolysis of a series of [(methoxy)(p-substituted styryl)carbene]pentacarbonyl chromium(0) complexes ($(CO)_5$Cr=$C(OCH_3)CH=CHC_6H_4X$, X = p-$OCH_3$, p-$CH_3$, H, p-Cl, p-$NO_2$). Second-order rate constants $(k_{{OH}^-})$ for the alkaline hydrolysis in 50% acetonitrile-water(v/v) were determined spectrophotometrically at various temperatures. At a low pH region (pH < 7.5), the observed rate constant $(k_{obs})$ remained constant with a small value, while in a high pH region (pH > 9.5), $k_{obs}$ increases linearly with increasing the pH of the medium. The second-order rate constants $(k_{{OH}^-})$ increase as the substituent X changes from a strong electron donating group to a strong electron withdrawing group. The Hammett plot obtained for the alkaline hydrolysis is consisted of two intersecting straight lines. The nonlinear Hammett plot might be interpreted as a change in the rate-determining step. However, the fact that the corresponding Yukawa-Tsuno plot is linear with $\rho$ and r values of 0.71 and 1.14, respectively indicates that the nonlinear Hammett plot is not due to a change in the rate-determing step but is due to ground-state stabilization through resonance interaction. The positive $\rho$ value suggests that nucleophilic attack by $OH^-$ to form a tetrahedral addition intermediate is the rate-determining step. The large negative ${\Delta}S^\neq$ value determined in the present system is consistent with the proposed mechanism.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2003

황산 용액에서 Zinc-ferrite의 용해에 대한 반응속도론을 황산 용액의 반응온도와 농도 변화에 대해 조사하였다. 반응율(R)과 겉보기 반응 속도상수(K)는 황산 용액의 온도와 농도가 클수록 증가한다. Zinc-ferrite의 반응속도는 반응초기에서 $1-(1-K)^{1/3}=Kt$와 같은 속도식을 적용할 수 있다. 용해에 대한 활성화 에너지는 황산 용액의 농도에 관계없이 약 16.3kcal/mole 이다. Zinc-ferrite가 황산 용액에서 용해할 때는 Zinc-ferrite의 화학 양론적 조성으로 용해되며, Fe 또는 Zn의 단독으로는 용해되지 않는다.