• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 1996.10a
• /
• pp.267-276
• /
• 1996

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.416-421
• /
• 1986

The solvent coordination effect on the excited state processes of Mg(II)- and Zn(II)-phthalocyanines has been described. The triplet state of these compounds decays with mixed first and second order kinetics or mainly second order kinetics depending on the solvents used. The first order component of the rate constants decrease along with the series, dimethylsulfoxide (5-coordinated), 1-chloronaphthalene (4-coordinated) and piperidine (6-coordinated), while the second order rate constant is dependent on the diffusion rate constant of the solvents. The excited state quenching by methylviologen or p-benzoquinone is discussed. And ion recombination rate constant is given.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2002

This paper presents the results of the experimental investigation on the effect of acoustic wave on the combustion of suspended A-1 jet fuel droplets in atmospheric pressure. Experimental results indicate that A-1 jet fuel droplet burning rate constants $k_c$ were independent of initial droplet size and the relative evaporation/burning-rate constant $k_{e'}k_c$(ratio of the acoustically disturbed evaporation/burning-rate constant to the undisturbed evaporation/burning-rate constant) increased remarkably 1.2~1.51times, 1.04~1.42times, for frequency below 100Hz, and sound pressure level above 80dB.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.14-20
• /
• 1981

One of the major objectives in the developments of a progesterone I.U.D. is to prepare devices which release drug at a constant rate for extended periods. A constant release rate is achived by maintaining drug concentration at a constant valve via the introduction of rate limiting membrane to solute diffusion at the surface of the devices. In this study, progesterone dispersed at monolithic device were prepared from polyhydroxy ethyl methacrylate. Constant release rate were obtained with device which were soaked in on ethanol-hexan solution. The release rate was dependant upon the concentration of the ethanolic solution in the soaking solution. This devices offer significant potential for futher development of hydrogel in the intrauterine contraception device for controlled release of progesterone.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.547-552
• /
• 2000

The objective of this paper is to present a modified fractional step method of keeping a constant mass flow rate in spatially periodic flows, because original fractional step methods do not precisely keep the mass flow rate constant in time. In the modified method, the mean and fluctuating pseudo-pressure gradients are separately obtained at each time step. This method is successfully applied to channel and pipe flows and shown to be suitable for maintaining a constant mass flow rate in time.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.88-93
• /
• 1983

Studies were carried out to elucidate the protein stabilizing effect of ginseng. Malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) was used as a protein and the rate constant of the enzyme inactivation was determined under the heat denaturation condition. There was an optimum pH for the enzyme stability, the rate constant of the enzyme inactivation was minimum at BH 8.8. The rate constant was increased at lower and higher pH regions than the optimum pH. The inactivation reaction followed the Arrehnius law and the activation energy was measured as 36.8kcal/mole. The reaction rate was not affected by the enzyme concentration and thus it was assumed to be unimolecular first order reaction. The water extract of red ginseng decreased the rate constant of Malate dehydrogenate under heat inactivation condition to stabilize the enzyme activity. Purified ginseng saponin also stabilized the enzyme against heat inactivation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2002.03a
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2002

Water flow rate into the tunnel usually determined by numerical analyses and mathematical formulas using water levels and permeability is obtained only a few limited districts of the whole tunneling site. However, underground is not a homogeneous but complicated mass. Therefore these methods can't reflect structural and geological aspects. In this study, assuming that the mountain stream in droughty season is to be the same as baseflow of its basin, hydrological method is applied to predict the constant water flow rate into the tunnel on construction field. Prediction of constant water inflow rate is performed on each section of tunnel construction field divided into 20 sections.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.169-173
• /
• 1997

The measurement of cell death constant in Anabaena flos-aquae was tested by the Live/Dead BacLight Viability kit(Molecular Probes Co., Seatle, WA). When the Live/Dead BacLight Viability kit was applied to Anabaena flos-aquae, the cells with intact cell membranes(live cells) stained fluorescent green, while the cell with damaged membranes(dead cells) stained fluorescent red and the background remained virtually nonfluorescent. The rations of live : dead cells in the cell suspension were controlled artifically and Live/Dead BacLight Viability kit was applied to them. The ratios of green:red fluorescent cells in the cell suspension were the same as those of live : dead cells controlled artifically. It was also approved by the fluorescence emission. The cell death constant was measured in the P-limited Anabaena flos-aquae chemostal culture in the N-fixing and $KNO_3-supplied$ conditions. The culture in N-fixing chemostat had a dead cell proportion of 1.2% at the growth rate of 0.7/day and increased to 2.6% at the growth rate of 0.3/day. The cell death constant of N-fixing culture was 0.008/day.There was a same trend in the $KNO_3-supplied$ chemostat culture. The proportion of dead cell was 1.6% of dead cell proportion at the growth rate of 0.7/day and increased to 4.3% at the growth rate of 0.3/day.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2001

The creep crack growth properties in 3.3NiCrMoV steel were investigated at 55$0^{\circ}C$ by using CT specimen under constant load and constant Ct condition that was held during crack growth of Imm distance. Ct lelied on load line displacement rate, C＊usually increased with crack length though load is reduced in order to maintain constant Ct value as crack growth and appeared scatter band. At constant load and Ct region, crack growth slope was 0.900 and 0.844 each, on the other hand C＊ slope was 0.480. Fully coalesced area(FCA) ahead of crack tip increased as Ct increase to the critical value, and after that value FCA decreased. For the tertiary creep stage of crack growth test, the most of displacement was due to the steady state creep, except only small part due to the primary creep and other effects. Therefore, tests were mainly interrupted in the tertiary stage to obtain high value of Ct.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.311-316
• /
• 2003

The kinetics of photoinitiated polymerization of dimethacrylate macromonomers have been studied to determine the diffusion-controlled reaction parameters using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). A predicted kinetic rate expression with a diffusion control factor was employed to estimate an effective rate constant and to define the reaction-controlled and diffusion-controlled regimes in the photopolymerization. An effective rate constant, k$_{e}$, can be obtained from the predicted kinetic rate expression. At the earlier stages of polymerization, the average values of kinetic rate constants do not vary during the reaction time. As the reaction conversion, $\alpha$, reaches the critical conversion, $\alpha$$_{c}$, in the predicted kinetic expression, the reaction becomes to be controlled by diffusion due to the restricted mobility of dimethacrylate macromonomers. A drop in value of effective rate constant causes a drastic decrease of reaction rate at the later stages of polymerization. By determining the effective rate constants, the reaction-controlled and diffusion-controlled regimes were properly defined even in the photopolymerization reaction system.m.m.