• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.101-110
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• 1969

The isozyme alteration of lactic dehydrogenase in the tissues of albino rat inhaled SO$_{2}$ were studied in vivo and in vitro, with the following results: (1) The H-type of LDH activity relatively dominated in the normal brain, heart and kidney tissues of rat, M-type in the normal lung, liver, and muscle tissues of the animal. (2) When rats inhale SO$_{2}$ in the concentration of 250 ppm, it appears that the M-type tends to predominate in the anaerobic tissues such as liver, kidney and muscle tissues and the H-type in the aerobic tissues such as brain and heart tissues. (3) When 5% SO$_{2}$ is introduced into tissue homogenates, LDH activities in the heart, lung, liver and muscle tissues are increased more than that of introducing room-air only. With sam treatment, LDH activity is decreased in the kidney tissue and no alteration is observed in the brain tissue. (4) Although, after the aeration of SO$_{2}$, the oxygen tension seems to bring decreases in the level of LDH activity in the anerobic tissues such as liver and muscle tissues, while, on the other hand, increases in the level of the activity in the aerobic tissues, such as the brain, heart and lung tissues. (5) Accordinglly, SO$_{2}$ affects LDH activities, its isozyme pattern of each organs, and their metabolic pathway by its absorption of the gas.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.619-624
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on microsomal mixed function oxidase system of kidney in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 140$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one control and three STZ-diabetic groups which were subdivided into vitamin E free diet(DM-0E group) 40mg vitamin E per kg diet(DM-40E group) and 400mg vitamin E per kg diet(DM-400E group). Vitamin E level of normal group was 40 mg per kg diet. Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous administration of 55 mg/kg B.W of STZ in citrate buffer(pH4.3) after 4 weeks feeding of experimental diets. Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day of diabetic state. The contents of cytochrome P450 in kidney were increased by 82, 54, 41% in DM-0E, DM-40E and DM-400E groups respectively when compared with normal group. The contents of cytochrome b5 in kidney were increased by 28% in DM-0E when compared with normal group but those of DM-40E and DM-400E groups were similar to that of normal group. The activities of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in kidney that were increased by 35% in DM-0E group. Levels of TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) in kidney were increased by 207, 129% and 72% in DM-0E and DM-400E groups respectively when compared with normal group but those of DM-40E and DM-400E groups were 26,44% lower than that of DM-0E groups. It is know that the activities of MFO system and lipid peroxidation were inhibited in kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rat by administeration of high doses of vitamin E.(Korean J Nutrition 33(6) : 619~624, 2000)

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 1998

The effects of aloe on the MDA(malondialdehyde) and the blood biochemical components of heavy metal poisoning in SD rat were examined and the following results were obtained. In rat liver homogenate intoxicated with $CdCl_2$, lipidperoxide was increased each 2.37times(24h), 3.31times(72h) but lipidperoxide In aloe administration groups was lower each 47% , 64% than in heavy metal group. In rat kidney homo- genate intoxicated with $CdCl_2$, lipidperoxide was increased 1.85times(24h), 1.33times(72h) but lipidperoxide in groups was almost the same as that of normal group. Lipidperoxide of kidney homogenate was slightly decreased as time passed. Also heavy metal poisoning rats showed high levels(1.38-2.50times) of serum AST, ALT and BUN. However. the administration of aloe significantly inhibited the reduction of them. These results suggest that Cd-induced hepatic and renal injury, via increase llpidpero)Ode and release of AST, ALT and BUN. Aloe may be used to inhibit or prevent the hepatic and renal toxicity which results from the heavy metal.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.59-73
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• 1989

To investigate the effect of cadmium and cadmium binding protein on the electron transport system and conformational changes of rat kidney mitochondria, various cadmium concentration were treated in vitro and respiration rate, NADH-CoQ reductase activity were measured. Ultrastructural changes at state IV respiration were also observed. CdBP was isolated from the rat liver by Sephadex G-75 column fractionation and treated in vitro with cadmium. Also mitochondrial state IV respiration rate was measured. When cadmium was treated in vitro, state IV respiration and enzyme activity were decreased and ultrastructural transformation of mitochondria from a condensed to an orthodox conformation was inhibited under state IV respiration. In case cadmium and CdBP were treated together, oxygen consumption was more increased than cadmium only. Conformational changes of mitochondria from a condensed to orthodox conformation were also observed. This indicates that CdBP have a protective effect against cadmium toxicity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.223-226
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• 1985

0.1%-Merthiolate solutions were applied to rats with or without sodium selenite. Rat organs were excised under ether anesthesia. Mercury contents in rat tissues were determined by quartz tube combustion gold amalgamation method. Mercury contents were accumulated at about 3-fold in the brain, 143-fold in the kidney, 62-fold in the blood cell, 22-fold in the liver than those of untreated rats respectively, on the 1st day after application of mert iolate for 7 days. On the other hand, the addition of sodium selenite caused a shift in the tissue mercury distribution. Our study showed that simultaneous administration of sodium selenite increased the accumulation of mercury in the brain, but became to decrease it after 9 days, while decreased it in the kidney, but grew to increase it, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the toxicological effects of carbofuran on the histological and fine structures in the kidney, liver, and brain of rat and also to clarify compensatory effects of phenobarbital sodium (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene(3-MC) on the carbofuran toxicity. SPF albino rats were treated with carbofuran(3.8mg/kg), PB(60mg/kg), 3-MC(60mg/kg), carbofuran+PB, carbofuran+3-MC and subjected to the light microscopic study. In the kidney of rat, hemorrhage and extremely atropic change of renal corpuscles were frequently observed at 48 hrs after carbofuran treatment. Combination treatment groups of carbofuran and PB or 3-MC showed atrophic changes were largely recovered at 6 hrs, and the tissue findings of the kidney became similar to those of control group at 48 hrs after treatment. In the liver of rat treated only carbofuran, the degenerative and necrotic changes of hepatic lobules were frequently observed at 48 hrs after carbofuran treatment. Combination treatment of carbofuran and PB or 3-MC showed the hepatic lobules were similar to those of control groups at 6 hrs after the combination treatment. In the brain of rat treated with carbofuran alone, degenerative changes and dilation of capillary vessel of cerebral cortexes were observed at 48hrs after treatment. Combination treatment of carbofuran and PB or carbofuran and 3-MC showed the cerebral cortexes were similar to those of control groups at 6 hrs after the treatment. These results suggest that PB and 3-MC could regenerate the toxicity of carbofuran to the tissue of kidney, liver and brain of rat.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2008

Oxidative stress may represent a common link between chronic liver damage and hepatic fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated activity changes of sphingomyelin catabolic enzymes, such as sphingomyelinases and ceramidases by using dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-treated Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats hepatic fibrosis model as a hepatic fibrosis model. Twenty rats divided into five groups received: (1) saline; (2) DMN for 1 week, (3) DMN for 2 weeks, (4) DMN for 3 weeks, and (5) DMN for 4 weeks by intraperitoneally 10 mg/kg of body weight for three consecutive days a week. Activities of acidic and neutral sphingomyelinases and acidic, neutral and alkaline ceramidases were measured in the liver and kidney from DMN-treated rats. We found increased ceramidase activities from 2-week and/or 3-week DMN treated rat livers compared to control rat liver. Acidic sphingomyelinase and alkaline ceramidase activities were significantly increased in 3-week DMN-treated rat kidneys compared to control rat kidney. Therefore, sphingolipid metabolizing enzymes and sphingolipid metabolites are supposed to be involved in liver fibrosis, although further investigation is necessary to elucidate meanings of sphingolipids during the liver fibrosis

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of $Taegye(KI_3)$ acupuncture and acupuncture with twirling method on the blood pressure, cardiomegalic index, plasma levels of renin and atrial natriuretic peptide in hypertensive RAT induced by two kidney one clip (2KIC). Methods : This study was conducted on one control group and four experimental groups. Control group that had no treatment, Tail group that took tail acupuncture, K-0 group that took $KI_3$ acupuncture, K-6 group that took $KI_3$ acupuncture with 6 turns of twirling method, K-9 group that took $KI_3$ acupuncture with 9 turns of twirling method. Results : Blood pressure was decreased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture. Cardiomegalic index decreased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture. Plasma levels of renin was decreased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture and acupuncture with 9 turns of twirling method Ⅳ. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide was increased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture. Conclusions : These results suggest that blood pressure was decreased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture in hypertensive RAT induced by two kidney one clip (2K1C).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.620-630
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• 2010

Purpose : The object of this study was to observe the nephroprotective effects of Manjeonmoktong-san(MJMTS), which has traditionally been used as Korean medicine for treating various renal diseases, on cisplatin-induced rat acute renal failure. Methods : At first, three different dosages of MJMTS extract were orally administered once a day for 28 days. On the 23rd day after MJMTS extract treatment, cisplatin was treated. Then, 5 days after cisplatin treatment, all the rats (6 groups of 8 rats each) were checked in the present study. The changes to the body weight, kidney weight, serum BUN and creatinine levels were observed with changes on the kidney MDA and GSH contents. The results were compared with captopril 100mg/kg in which the effects on cisplatin-induced acute renal failures were already confirmed. Results : It showed dramatical decrease on the body weight, increase of serum BUN and creatinine levels were detected in cisplatin control as compared with intact control. In addition marked increase of kidney MDA contests and decrease of kidney GSH contents were also detected in cisplatin control as compared with intact control. it means that cisplatin induced ARF are induced by oxiidative stress and related lipid peroxidation in the present study. However, these ARFs and inhibition of antioxidant effects induced by cisplatin were dose-dependently reduced by treatment of all three different dosages of MJMTS extracts. Conclusion : This study suggests that MJMTS extracts have favorable effects on the cisplatin-induced rat ARF.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2010

We assessed the effect of Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC) treatment, at a dose of 0.75 mg/rat/day for 1 or 2 weeks, on the activities of antioxidant systems in Sprague-Dawley rat tissues. Significant changes in glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities, with different patterns among tissues, were evidenced. Glutathione content and its reduction state in the liver, lung, and kidney were elevated upon MSC treatment, whereas they were significantly lowered in the spleen. Among the tissues exhibiting glutathione increase, there were different enzymatic responses: $\gamma$-glutamylcysteine ligase activity, the rate-limiting enzyme in the glutathione synthesis pathway, was increased in the liver, whereas the activities of the enzymes associated with glutathione recycling, namely, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were significantly increased in the lung and the kidney. The superoxide dismutase activity was decreased in all tissues upon MSC treatment, whereas catalase activity was increased in all tissues but the liver. Lipid peroxidation level was transiently increased at 1 week in the lung and the kidney, whereas it was persistently increased in the spleen. The increase was not evident in the liver. The results indicate that the MSC treatment results in an increase in the antioxidant capacity of the liver, lung, and kidney principally via an increase in glutathione content and reduction, which appeared to be a result of increased synthesis or recycling of glutathione via tissue-dependent adaptive response to oxidative stress triggered by MSC. The spleen appeared to be very sensitive to oxidative stress, and therefore, the adaptive response could not provide protection against oxidative damage.