• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2022

A taxonomic revision of Deutzia in Korea was conducted based on critical observations of wild populations and herbarium specimens. Species delimitations were re-evaluated on the basis of morphological characters and distributions resulting in the recognition of five taxa. The texture of leaf, flower disk and capsules, the shape of leaf, inflorescence and capsules are useful diagnostic traits at the specific level. The five taxa are well distinguished from each other. Deutzia grandiflora var. baroniana can be distinguished by its distribution and calyx from Deutzia uniflora, which are morphologically similar. Deutzia paniculata Nakai, a rare and endemic plant, is characterized by having panicle in inflorescences. On the other hand, Deutzia glabrata Kom. is occasionally confused with Deutzia parviflora, but the most distinctive characters include the surface of leaves, the surface and size of capsules. Photographs and a key to five species of Deutzia were provided in addition to distribution.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.1146-1156
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• 2021

Single-unit probabilistic safety assessment (SUPSA) has complex Boolean logic equations for accident sequences. Multi-unit probabilistic safety assessment (MUPSA) model is developed by revising and combining SUPSA models in order to reflect plant state combinations (PSCs). These PSCs represent combinations of core damage and non-core damage states of nuclear power plants (NPPs). Since all these Boolean logic equations have complemented gates (not gates), it is not easy to generate exact Boolean solutions. Delete-term approximation method (DTAM) has been widely applied for generating approximate minimal cut sets (MCSs) from the complex Boolean logic equations with complemented gates. By applying DTAM, approximate conditional core damage probability (CCDP) has been calculated in SUPSA and MUPSA. It was found that CCDP calculated by DTAM was overestimated when complemented gates have non-rare events. Especially, the CCDP overestimation drastically increases if seismic SUPSA or MUPSA has complemented gates with many non-rare events. The objective of this study is to suggest a new quantification method named probability subtraction method (PSM) that replaces DTAM. The PSM calculates accurate CCDP even when SUPSA or MUPSA has complemented gates with many non-rare events. In this paper, the PSM is explained, and the accuracy of the PSM is validated by its applications to a few MUPSAs.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.248-270
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to collect the raw data for conservation of plant ecosystem by surveying and analysing the flora of Mt. Geumgok located in Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. The flora were summarized as 453 taxa including 91 families, 298 genera, 397 species, 4 subspecies, 46 varieties and 6 forms. The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 3 taxa such as Eranthis byunsanensis B.Y.Sun, Potentilla discolor Bunge and Iris odaesanensis Y.N.Lee. The Korean endemic plants were 6 taxa such as Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume, Eranthis byunsanensis B.Y.Sun, Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr., Lespedeza maritima Nakai, Vicia chosenensis Ohwi and Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey. The specific plants by floristic region were 36 taxa such as Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc., Salix chaenomeloides Kimura, Anemone raddeana Regel, Chloranthus japonicus Siebold, Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr., Ilex macropoda Miq., Ajuga multiflora Bunge, Saussurea odontolepis Sch.Bip. ex Herd, Viola orientalis (Maxim.) W.Becker, Betula davurica Pall., Vitex negundo var. incisa (Lam.) C.B.Clarke and Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom.. The naturalized plants were 36 taxa such as Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Lepidium apetalum Willd., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Trifolium repens L., Euphorbia supina Raf., Ipomoea purpurea Roth, Veronica persica Poir., Bidens pilosa L., Carduus crispus L., Xanthium canadense Mill., Bromus unioloides H.B.K. and Festuca arundinacea Schreb.. The invasive alien plants were 2 taxa such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Aster pilosus Willd.. The ratios of the urbanized index(UI), the naturalized index(NI) and the disturbed index(DI) were 11.2%, 7.9% and 18.2% each.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.162-170
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to suggest the raw data on establishing the domestic wetland conservation plan. The results of this study were as follows. The vascular plants were summarized as 201 taxa in Ahnshim wetland; 57 families, 154 genera, 179 species and 22 varieties. The rare and endangered plant designated by Korea Forest Service was Hydorcharis dubia. In the wetland plants, the emerged plants were showed Typha angustata, Beckmannia syzigachne, Zizania latifolia, Phragmites communis, Persicaria thunbergii, Oenanthe javanica and Veronica undulata, and the submerged plants were Potamogeton crispus, Vallisneria asiatica, Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum verticillatum. And the floating leaved plants were confirmed Potamogeton distinctus, Hydrocharis dubia, Nelumbo nucifera and Nymphoides peltata, and the floating plants were Salvinia natans, Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna paucicostata. The naturalized plants were 33 taxa; Avena fatua, Dactylis glomerata, Rumex crispus, Rumex conglomeratus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Lepidium apetalum, Tlaspi arvense, Descurainia pinnata, Potentilla supina, Vicia villosa, Robinia pseruo-acacia, Amorpha fruticosa, Trifolium repens, Medicago sativa, Ailanthus altissima, Euphorbia supina, Oenothera lamarckiana, Quamoclit angulata, Ipomoea purpurea, Solanum nigrum, Veronica perisca, Helianthus tuberosus, Ambrosia artemisifolia var. elatior, Xanthium strumarium, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron canadensis, Conyza sumatrensis, Senecio vulgaris, Bidens frondosa, Tagetes minuta, Taraxacum officinale, Taraxacum laevigatum and Sonchus oleraceus.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.309-332
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• 2015

To investigate the distribution of vascular plants growing in Mt. Taebaeksan, a survey was conducted from April, 2014 to October, 2014. The flora of Mt. Taebaeksan was classified as a total of 406 taxa comprising of 79 families, 238 genus, 352 species, 4 subspecies, 43 varieties and 7 forma. Among them, 8 taxa were identified as endemic plants in Korea including Salix koriyanagi Kimura, Aconitum pseudolaeve Nakai, Anemone koraiensis Nakai, etc. 16 taxa of Korean rare plants species were identified including 4 taxa in the degree of VU (Asplenium spinulosum (Maxim.) Milde, etc.) and 12 taxa in the degree of LC (Clematis koreana Kom., Eranthis stellata Maxim., Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom., etc.) The floristic special plants were a total of 107 taxa which consist of 3 taxa in degree V(Polypodium virginianum L., etc.), 14 taxa in degree IV(Asplenium otophorum (Miq.) Koidz., etc.), 31 taxa in degree III (Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim., etc.), 32 taxa in degree II(Lycopodium chinense H.Christ, etc.) and 27 taxa in degree I(Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai, etc.). For the naturalized plants, 16 taxa were identified (Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Rumex crispus L., Cerastium glomeratum Thuill). Also, the percentage of urbanization index was 5 %, and the naturalized plant index was 3.9 % respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.209-224
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• 2012

This study was carried out to survey the vascular plants of Namhan River located in Chungju-si, and the period of survey was from June, 2010 to June, 2011. The results are as follows. The vascular plants distributed in Neungam, Mokgye and Jangcheon around Namhan river were summarized as 225 taxa including 52 families, 164 genera, 200 species, 23 varieties and 2 forms. The rare plant designated by Korea Forest Service was $Aristolochia$ $contorta$ Bunge, and the endemic plant was identified as $Salix$ $koriyanagi$ Kimura. The specific plants by floristic region were 7 taxa including $Salix$ $chaenomeloides$ Kimura, $Aristolochia$ $contorta$ Bunge, $Actinostemma$ $lobatum$ Maxim., $Artemisia$ $selengensis$ Turcz., $Cirsium$ $pendulum$ Fisch., $Alisma$ $plantago-aquatic$ var. $orientale$ Samuels. and $Carex$ $versicaria$ L.. The naturalized plants were 47 taxa including $Fallopia$ $dumetorum$ (L.) Holub., $Chenopoidum$ $album$ L., $Silene$ $armeria$ L., $Brassica$ $juncea$ (L.) Czern., $Melilotus$ $alba$ Medicus, $Trifolium$ $pratense$ L., $Oenothera$ $erythrosepala$ Borb$\acute{a}$s, $Ipomoea$ $hederacea$ var. $integriuscula$ A.Gray, $Bidens$ $frondosa$ L., $Matricaria$ $inodora$ L., $Xanthium$ $canadense$ Mill., $Panicum$ $dichotomiflorum$ Michx. and so forth. In life forms, megaphanerophytes (M) were 13 taxa, 13 taxa in nanophanerophytes (N), 14 taxa inchamaiphytes (Ch), 40 taxa in hemicryptophytes (H), 20 taxa in geophytes (G), 103 taxa in therophytes (Th) and 22 taxa in hydrophytes (HH). The ratios of the naturalized index (NI), the urbanized index (UI) and the disturbed index (DI) were 20.9%, 14.6% and 18.2% in all sites.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.231-244
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to offer the basic information for the rational management plan in construction and running of eco-forest by analyzing the vascular plant of the constructreserved site of eco-forest in Mt. Daeun, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. The vascular plants were 280 taxa; 75 families, 179 genera, 245 species, 3 subspecies, 28 varieties and 4 forma. The Korean endemic plants were 6 taxa including Pseudostellaria coreana, Stewartia pseudocamellia, Primula modesta var. hannasanensis and so forth. The rare plants were Juniperus chinensis var.sargentii, Prunus yedoensis, Primula modesta var. hannasanensis, Chionanthus retusus and Scopolia japonica. The naturalized plants were 14 taxa including Rumex acetosella, Lepidium apetalum, Trifolium repens, Oenothera biennis, Veronica persica and so forth. The invasive alien plants were Rumex acetosella and Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Specific plant species by floristic region were total 24 taxa; Prunus yedoensis and Primula modesta var. hannasanensis in class V, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii and Acer pictum subsp. mono in class IV, 5 taxa including Dryopteris bissentiana, Scolopolia japonica and so forth in class III, Pseudostellaria coreana, Potentilla dickinsii and Chionanthus retusus in class II, 12 taxa including Acotinum jaluense, Clematis patens and so forth in class I.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.289-316
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• 2022

This study was investigated to elucidate the distribution of vascular plants and their usefulness of Seondalsan Mountain (1,236 m) in Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The surveys were carried out 20 times from April in 2014 to October in 2020. The vascular plants of Seondalsan Mountain was consisted a total of 638 taxa based on the voucher specimens; 96 families, 341 genera, 562 species, 18 subspecies, 53 varieties, 5 forms. 20 taxa of the Korean endemic plants were recorded and 1 taxa of Critically Endangered (CR), 3 taxa of Vulnerable (VU) and 9 taxa of Least Concern (LC), designated by Korean Forest Service as rare plants, were investigated in this region. Furthermore, V, IV and III degrees of floristic regional indicator plants, designated by the National Institute of Ecology, were included 1 taxa, 11 taxa and 28 taxa, respectively. Among them, edible, medicinal, fragrant, industrial, ornamental, ecological restoration, forage/compost plants were included 440 taxa, 505 taxa, 19 taxa, 234 taxa, 335 taxa, 214 taxa and 269 taxa respectively. In addition, 30 taxa of naturalized plants were observed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.129-148
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• 2016

Plant species on oceanic islands comprise nearly 25% of described vascular plants on only 5% of the Earth's land surface yet are among the most rare and endangered plants. Conservation of plant biodiversity on islands poses particular challenges because many species occur in a few and/or small populations, and their habitats on islands are often disturbed by the activity of humans or by natural processes such as landslides and volcanoes. In addition to described species, evidence is accumulating that there are likely significant numbers of "cryptic" species in oceanic archipelagos. Plant systematists, in collaboration with others in the botanical disciplines, are critical to the discovery of the subtle diversity in oceanic island floras. Molecular data will play an ever increasing role in revealing variation in island lineages. However, the input from plant systematists and other organismal biologists will continue to be important in calling attention to morphological and ecological variation in natural populations and in the discovery of "new" populations that can inform sampling for molecular analyses. Conversely, organismal biologists can provide basic information necessary for understanding the biology of the molecular variants, including diagnostic morphological characters, reproductive biology, habitat, etc. Such basic information is important when describing new species and arguing for their protection. Hybridization presents one of the most challenging problems in the conservation of insular plant diversity, with the process having the potential to decrease diversity in several ways including the merging of species into hybrid swarms or conversely hybridization may generate stable novel recombinants that merit recognition as new species. These processes are often operative in recent radiations in which intrinsic barriers to gene flow have not evolved. The knowledge and continued monitoring of plant populations in the dynamic landscapes on oceanic islands are critical to the preservation of their plant diversity.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.112-122
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• 2003

This study was carried out to offer the raw data for the conservation of plant ecosystem in Chungcheongbuk-do with systematic grasping the vascular plant in Mt. Midong and to establish the accurate countermeasure of conservation on the rare species as well as to restore their habitats. The vascular plant species in Mt. Midong were summarized as 303 taxa; 81 families, 215 genus, 262 species, 38 varieties and 3 forms. The rare plants designated by Korea Forestry Service were two taxa; Polygonatum stenophyllum, Hylomecon hylomeconoides. The nine taxa were recorded in the surveyed sites as the endemic plants; Melandryum seoulense, Hylomecon hylomeconoides, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora, Filipendula palmata var. glabra, Ajuga spectabilis, Weigela subsessilis, Lonicera coreana, Cirsium setidens and Saussurea seoulensis. And the naturalized plants were twelve taxa; Rumex crispus, Lepidium apetalum, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Tyifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Hibiscus trionum, Oenothera odorata, Ambrosia artemisifolia var. elatior, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron canadensis, Taraxacum officinale and Sonchus oleraceus.