• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2023

The diversity of A mating type in wild strains of Lentinula edodes was extensively analyzed to characterize and utilize them for developing new cultivars. One hundred twenty-three A mating type alleles, including 67 newly discovered alleles, were identified from 106 wild strains collected for the past four decades in Korea. Based on previous studies and current findings, a total of 130 A mating type alleles have been found, 124 of which were discovered from wild strains, indicating the hyper-variability of A mating type alleles of L. edodes. About half of the A mating type alleles in wild strains were found in more than two strains, whereas the other half of the alleles were found in only one strain. About 90% of A mating type combinations in dikaryotic wild strains showed a single occurrence. Geographically, diverse A mating type alleles were intensively located in the central region of the Korean peninsula, whereas only allele A17 was observed throughout Korea. We also found the conservation of the TCCCAC motif in addition to the previously reported motifs, including ATTGT, ACAAT, and GCGGAG, in the intergenic regions of A mating loci. Sequence comparison among some alleles indicated that accumulated mutation and recombination would contribute to the diversification of A mating type alleles in L. edodes. Our data support the rapid evolution of A mating locus in L. edodes, and would help to understand the characteristics of A mating loci of wild strains in Korea and help to utilize them for developing new cultivars.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.478-480
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• 2022

Smart Railway as a next generation railway technology is expected to have rapid evolution with developments of information and communications tehchology. Especially, smart railway will be progressed more evolved transportation means for railway operation and costomer service based with spread of commercial 5G communication. So, it is very important to investigate and analyze trends of smart railway related tehcnology of 5G mobile communication for samrt railway infra structure, server technolgy for AI, big data, deep learning, information security technology, sensor and IoT. In this paper, 5G based communicaion technology and application techology related smart railway is described and trends of new techlogy on this communication tehnology is investigated. The results of this study can be used for smart railway study and implementation, research and development for smart railway communicaion technology, etc.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.31-39
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• 2023

The evolution of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and the rise of large language models (LLM) like ChatGPT have paved the way for specialized question-answering (QA) systems tailored to specific domains. This study outlines a system harnessing the power of LLM in conjunction with document search algorithms to interpret and address user inquiries using documents from the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). Initially, the system refines multiple documents for optimized search and analysis, breaking the content into managable paragraphs suitable for the language model's processing. Each paragraph's content is converted into a vector via an embedding model and archived in a database. Upon receiving a user query, the system matches the extracted vectors from the question with the stored vectors, pinpointing the most pertinent content. The chosen paragraphs, combined with the user's query, are then processed by the language generation model to formulate a response. Tests encompassing a spectrum of questions verified the system's proficiency in discerning question intent, understanding diverse documents, and delivering rapid and precise answers.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1087-1098
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• 2023

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has led to its proactive utilization across various fields. However, this widespread adoption of AI-based systems has raised concerns about the increasing threat of attacks on these systems. In particular, deep neural networks, commonly used in deep learning, have been found vulnerable to adversarial attacks that intentionally manipulate input data to induce model errors. In this study, we propose a method to protect image classification models from visually imperceptible One-Pixel attacks, where only a single pixel is altered in an image. The proposed defense technique utilizes an autoencoder model to remove potential threat elements from input images before forwarding them to the classification model. Experimental results, using the CIFAR-10 dataset, demonstrate that the autoencoder-based defense approach significantly improves the robustness of pretrained image classification models against One-Pixel attacks, with an average defense rate enhancement of 81.2%, all without the need for modifications to the existing models.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2023

The caving property of top coal is a key factor to the success of top coal caving mining. The influence law of cyclic loading and unloading of hydraulic support on top coal caving is of great significance to improve the recovery rate of top coal. The similar simulation methods were used to study the dynamic evolution of the top coal cracks under the multi-cycle action of the support, and the parameters of top coal cracks were analyzed quantitatively in this paper. The results show that the top coal cracks can be divided into horizontal cracks and vertical cracks under the cyclic loading and unloading of the support. With the increase of the times of the support cycles loading and unloading, the load on the support decreases, the fractal dimension of the cracks increases, the number and total length of the top coal cracks increases, and the top coal caving is getting better. With the increase of the times of multi-cycle loading and unloading, the fractal dimension, total crack length and crack rate of top coal show a trend of rapid increase first and then increase slowly. Both the total length of the top coal cracks and the crack rate basically show linear growth with the change of the fractal dimension. The top coal caving can be well improved and the coal resource recovery rate increased through the multi-cycle loading and unloading.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1089-1101
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• 2022

Immunotherapy has revolutionized and opened a new paradigm for cancer treatment. In the era of immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy, precision medicine has gained emphasis, and an early response assessment is a key element of this approach. Treatment response assessment for immunotherapy is challenging for radiologists because of the rapid development of immunotherapeutic agents, from immune checkpoint inhibitors to chimeric antigen receptor-T cells, with which many radiologists may not be familiar, and the atypical responses to therapy, such as pseudoprogression and hyperprogression. Therefore, new response assessment methods such as immune response assessment, functional/molecular imaging biomarkers, and artificial intelligence (including radiomics and machine learning approaches) have been developed and investigated. Radiologists should be aware of recent trends in immunotherapy development and new response assessment methods.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.289-295
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• 2024

We have developed an aptamer that specifically binds to Porphyromonas gingivalis to reduce the cellular damage caused by P. gingivalis infection and applied it as a biosensor. P. gingivalis is one of the major pathogens causing destructive periodontal disease among the periodontal microorganisms constituting complex biofilms. Porphyromonas gingivalis G-protein (PGP) known to play an important role in the transmission of germs was used as a target protein for the screening of aptamer. The aptamer that has binds to the G-protein of P. gingivalis, was screened and developed through the Systemic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Energy (SELEX) method. Modified-Western blot analysis was performed with the aptamer which consisted of 38 single-stranded DNA to confirm the selectivity. ELONA (enzyme linked oligonucleotide assay) used to confirm that the aptamer was sensitive to PGP even at low concentration of 1 ㎍/ml. For the rapid detection of P. gingivalis, we constructed a surface plasmon resonance biosensor with SPREETA using the PGP aptamer. It was confirmed that PGP could be detected as low concentration as at 0.1 pM, which is the minimum concentration of aptamer sensor within 5 min. Based on these results, we have constructed a SPREETA biosensor based on aptamer that can bind to P. gingivalis G-protein. It can be used as an infection diagnosis system to rapidly diagnose and analyze oral diseases caused by P. gingivalis.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.348-353
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• 2024

The S355NL steel has garnered attention as a structural material for applications in extremely challenging environments owing to its excellent mechanical properties. This study investigated the hot deformation behavior of S355NL steel through compression tests conducted in a temperature range of 900-1200℃ and a strain rate range of 10^-3-1 s^-1 to explore the optimal processing parameters. The flow behaviors consisted of an initial rapid increase and subsequent plateau with a marginal decrease in stress. This phenomenon was interpreted in terms of microstructural evolution, such as dislocation density and dynamic recrystallization. The efficiency of power dissipation and instability domains were derived using the dynamic material model based on the compression test dataset, providing a series of processing maps. In contrast to conventional processing maps plotted for a single strain value, this study has established ten maps at a strain interval of 0.1. This approach allowed for the consideration of continuously variable strain parameters, which is inherent to an actual metal-forming process. The efficiency of power dissipation was strongly governed by the high temperatures (≥ 1100℃). The strain rates barely affected the efficiency, but it primarily contributed to the instability domains. The application of high strain rates (≥ 10^-1s^-1) generated a region of negative instability due to the absence of dynamic recrystallization and the presence of cracks at grain boundaries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.5
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• pp.861-882
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• 2024

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the global landscape of technology beyond the field of natural language processing. Owing to their extensive pre-training using vast datasets, contemporary LLMs can handle tasks ranging from general functionalities to domain-specific areas, such as radiology, without the need for additional fine-tuning. Importantly, LLMs are on a trajectory of rapid evolution, addressing challenges such as hallucination, bias in training data, high training costs, performance drift, and privacy issues, along with the inclusion of multimodal inputs. The concept of small, on-premise open source LLMs has garnered growing interest, as fine-tuning to medical domain knowledge, addressing efficiency and privacy issues, and managing performance drift can be effectively and simultaneously achieved. This review provides conceptual knowledge, actionable guidance, and an overview of the current technological landscape and future directions in LLMs for radiologists.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.643-654
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• 2023

The West Philippine Basin, an oceanic basin half the size of the Philippine Sea Plate, lies in the western part of the plate and south of the Korean Peninsula on the Eurasian Plate. It subducts beneath the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Islands bordering the Ryukyu Trench and the Philippine Trench with 25-50% of this basin already consumed. However, the history of the opening of the basin's southern region has been a topic of debate. The non-transform discontinuity formed during the seafloor spreading is similar to the transform fault boundaries normally perpendicular to mid-ocean ridge axes; however, it was created irregularly due to ridge propagations caused by variations of mantle convection attributable to magma supply changes. By analyzing high-resolution multi-beam echo-sounding data, we confirmed that the non-transform discontinuity due to the propagating rift evolved in the entire basin and that the abyssal hill strike direction changed from E-W to NNW-SSE from the fossil spreading center. In the early stage of basin extension, the Amami-Sankaku Basin was rotated 90 degrees clockwise from its current orientation, and it bordered the Palau Basin along the Mindanao Fracture Zone. The Amami-Sankaku Basin separated from the Palau Basin while the spreading of the West Philippine Basin began with a counter-clockwise rotation. This indicates that the non-transform discontinuities formed by a sudden change in magma supply due to the drift of the Philippine Sea Plate and simultaneously with the rapid changes in the spreading direction from ENE-WSW to N-S. The Palau Basin was considered to be the sub-south of the West Philippine Basin, but recent studies have shown that it extends into an independent system. Evidence from sediment layers and crustal thickness hints at the possibility of its existence before the West Philippine Basin opened, although its evolution continues to be debated. We performed a combined analysis using high-resolution multi-beam bathymetry and satellite gravity data to uncover new insights into the evolution of the West Philippine Basin. This information illuminates the complex plate interactions and provides a crucial contribution toward understanding the opening history of the basin and the Philippine Sea Plate.