• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-39
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• 2010

Climate change recently causes rapid rises in sea level in Baramarae intertidal area and the rises present several socio-economic impacts to the affected area. We have assessed the vulnerability of the region by the rise of the sea level. Using quantitative GIS method on multi-temporal satellite images, we have first estimated the elevation (Digital Elevation Model: DEM) of Baramarae intertidal area and hence we were possibly able to identify the flooded areas under the IPCC SRES scenarios. As sea level rises by 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 50cm and 60 cm, the estimated flooded areas of the tidal flat are 68ha, 85ha, 103ha, 121ha and 139ha, respectively. The most affected area is the tidal flat in Gagyeongju Village (Gonam-li, Gonam-myeon, Taean, Chungnam), because it has not only lower altitude but also, perhaps more significantly smooth slope. The potential affected areas are currently populated by farming of oysters and short-necked clams and therefore the areas expect significant economic loss by rise of sea level.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.114-125
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• 2024

Wetlands in the living area are important ecological resources that are the basis for the daily life or farming activities of local residents, and have high ecological value such as ecosystem services and green infrastructure. This study was carried out to develop a functional evaluation methodology optimized for small-scale wetlands(RAMS). Based on on-site evaluation by experts, surveys and in-depth interviews, four functional items, including biodiversity, health, hydrophilic culture and ecology, water circulation, and carbon absorption, and 15 detailed indicators, and the evaluation grade for each detailed indicator, were developed on a 5-point scale. The evaluation methodology optimized for small-scale living areas wetlands (RAMS) proposed as a result of this study can be used as basic data for conservation and restoration and management of small-scale living areas wetlands at home and abroad.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2014

After the global financial crisis, domestic construction industry has gone through a rapid recession. This resulted in gradual market shift towards architectural remodeling. Architectural remodeling not only improves residential environment but it has many advantages such as increase of each unit's exclusive area, free space within the horizontal or extension of an annex building, and increase number of household through splitting the household of bigger pyeong, etc. However, in case of the Korean market for apartment remodeling, due to various regulations and problem with business promotion procedures, majority of business is slow despite the figure that remodeling volume is not that small. Also, feasibility study which decides to push ahead public house remodeling business will have a flaw using net present value's law; it has a flaw of not considering properties of each phase of remodeling business and future's uncertainty. Hence, this research will improve the problem of traditional value assessment method of net present value's law. It will also consider one of the real options such as binomial model in order to supplement NPV which is used in current feasibility study. This research was based on real successful cases of public house remodeling and it was possible for feasibility study which was more realistic and valid. This research provided foundation for development of Korean public house remodeling market. There is high anticipation of increasing the validity by improving the problems of current feasibility study and economic efficiency assessment.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.227-241
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• 2017

A human in urban areas has depended on ecosystem for well-being, so it is important to evaluate urban ecosystem services which contribute significantly to human well-being. In this study we classified ecosystem functions and set indicators used for evaluating ecosystem services of urban park by Delphi method. As a result, it derived 12 items and 14 indicators of ecosystem services to evaluate them such as vegetable garden, canopy cover, biodiversity, and educational programs. Based on the derived evaluation indicators, the feasibility of the indicators was examined by applying to two urban parks, Maetan park and Seoho-Ggotme park, in Suwon City. We also suggested strategies to improve each ecosystem services based on the results of evaluation. It is significant to recognize unknown services in urban parks. The results can be used for improving urban ecosystem services consistently in response to current rapid urbanization. In the future, the city should make a master plan on ecosystem service on urban area, beyond urban park, considering both of quality and quantity.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 2010

Herpes zoster (HZ) is the secondary manifestation of an earlier infection with the varicella-zoster virus in one or more dermatomes. As reactivation of the virus is linked to an age-related diminished virus-specific and cell-mediated immunity, HZ develops mainly in elderly people. Acute zoster is painful, but does not incur lasting morbidity. Reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus in the trigeminal nerve (Herpes zoster) occur with severe pain and rash in the oro-facial region. The acute pain decreases as the rash begins to heal. Postherpetic neuralgia(PHN), the most frequent complication of herpes zoster, is usually defined as pain in the involved dermatome that is still present 3 month after rash onset. The clinical characteristics of PHN are, eposodic stabbing pain, burning pain and allodynia, with hypoesthesia and/or dysesthesia. $Neurometer^{(R)}$(neuroselective sensory nerve conduction threshold: sNCT, Automated current perception threshold: CPT, neurotron incorporated. Baltimore, Maryland. 21209 U.S.A.) is convenient, rapid and noninvasive, and allows objective assessment of sensory disturbance. This case is about the postherptic neuralgia patient assessed with $Neurometer^{(R)}$. From this case, we reviewed the pathophysiology and the treatment of PHN and recommend the assessment of pain intensity with $Neurometer^{(R)}$ as quantitative and objective method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2019

Automobile insurance medical expenses increased by 12% in year 2015 compared to year 2014. But the oriental medical service expenses in automobile insurance increased by 36% during the same period. In this paper the reason for the rapid increase of expenses for oriental medical service was analyzed using the method of decomposing medical expenses. As a result of analyzing 34,351,120 cases that were examined and completed during the period of 2014~2015, the number of oriental medicine patients increased by 27% and the medical expense per patient increased by 7%. The result of analysis showed that there was no significant change in service period per patient but medical expense per day increased by 7%. The increase in the number of patients receiving only oriental medical services was 32%. Increase in the number of patients receiving medical treatment and oriental medical services was 24% and the number of patients receiving medical treatment only decreased by 4%. There was significant increase in non standardized cost of oriental physical therapy which was one reason of the increase of the expenses. However, the most influential factor of the increase in the expenses of oriental medical services was the increase of the number of patients.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.202-216
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• 2022

Animals exhibit certain behaviors and movement patterns as they react to their internal needs, external stimuli, and surrounding environments. They have a bounded range in which they mostly spend their time, and it is referred to as a home range. Based on the fact that the home range is a critical area for the survival and preservation of species, there has been a growing body of research on developing more precise home range estimation methods to use the estimated ranges as a ground for establishing an effective conservation policy since the early 1940s. Recent rapid advancements in telemetry technology that resulted in the presence of autocorrelation between locations with short time intervals revealed the limitations of the existing estimators. Many novel estimators have been developed to compensate for it by incorporating autocorrelation in calculating home ranges. However, studies on the animal home range are still in their early stage in Korea, and newly developed methodologies have not yet been adopted. Therefore, this study aims to introduce the foreign home range estimation methods and foster domestic research activities on home ranges. Firstly, we compared and contemplated seven estimators by categorizing them into geometrical and statistical methodologies and then divided them into estimators that assume independent observations and those that consider autocorrelation in each category. After that, the home ranges of black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) were calculated using GPS tracking data for the month of June and derived home range estimators by applying the methodology introduced in this study. We analyzed and compared the results to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each method. Lastly, we proposed a guideline that can help researchers choose an appropriate estimator for home range calculation based on the animal location data characteristics and analysis purpose.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6A
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• pp.765-778
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• 2008

Performance Profiles are essential to predict the performance variation over time for the bridge management system (BMS) based on risk management. In general, condition profiles based on experts opinion and/or visual inspection records have been used widely because obtaining profiles based on real performance is not easy. However, those condition profiles usually don't give a good consistency to the safety of bridges, causing practical problems for the effective bridge management. The accuracy of performance evaluation is directly related to the accuracy of BMS. The reliability of the evaluation is important to produce the optimal solution for distributing maintenance budget reasonably. However, conventional methods of bridge assessment are not suitable for a more sophisticated decision making procedure. In this study, a method to compute quantitative performance profiles has been proposed to overcome the limitations of those conventional models. In Bridge Management Systems, the main role of performance profiles is to compute and predict the performance of bridges subject to lifetime activities with uncertainty. Therefore, the computation time for obtaining an optimal maintenance scenario is closely related to the efficiency of the performance profile. In this study, the Response Surface Method (RSM) based on independent and important design variables is developed for the rapid computation. Steel box bridges have been investigated because the number of independent design variables can be reduced significantly due to the high dependency between design variables.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1C
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• pp.63-72
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• 2006

Due to rapid development of many cities in Korea, many public facilities are required to be built as well as complementary civil structures. Consequently, a number of tunnel constructions are currently carried out throughout the country, and many more tunnels are planned to be constructed in the near future. Tunnel excavation in a city often causes serious damage to above-ground structures and sewer system because of unexpected settlement. In order to prevent the destruction, the tunnel, which bypasses the center of a city, must be specially evaluated for its influence to other structure. In addition, since a slight disturbance of above-ground structure causes numerous public complaints and civil appeals, it must be approached with different method than the mountain tunnels. In this paper, the evaluation method using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been studied. The method begins with an analysis of the minimal sectional area. If its result can be used to approximate the general influence of the whole section, the actual evaluation using ANN will take off. In addition, it also studies the construction management method which reflects the real time soil behavior and environment influence during construction using Geographic Information System (GIS).

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.255-264
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• 2015

Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and acrylamide are unintended hazardous substances generated by heating or processing of foods and are known as carcinogenic and mutagenic agents by the animal experiments. A simple method was established for a rapid and accurate determination of 12 types of HCAs (IQ, MeIQ, Glu-P-1, Glu-P-2, MeIQx, Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, PhIP, $A{\alpha}C$, $MeA{\alpha}C$, Harman and Norharman) and acrylamide in three food matrices (non-fat liquid, non-fat solid and fat solid) by isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In every sample, a mixture of internal standards including $IQ-d_3$, $MeIQx-d_3$, $PhIP-d_3$, $Trp-P-2-^{13}C_2-^{15}N$ and $MeA{\alpha}C-d_3$ was spiked for quantification of HCAs and $^{13}C_3$-acrylamide was also spiked for the analysis of acrylamide. HCAs and acrylamide in sample were extracted with acetonitrile and water, respectively, and then two solid-phase extraction cartridges, ChemElut: HLB for HCAs and Accucat: HLB for acrylamide, were used for efficiently removing interferences such as pigment, lipid, polar, nonpolar and ionic compounds. Established method was validated in terms of recovery, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and linearity. This method showed good precision (RSD < 20%), accuracy (71.8~119.1%) and recovery (66.0~118.9%). The detection limits were < 3.1 ng/g for all analytes. The correlation coefficients for all the HCAs and acrylamide were > 0.995, showing excellent linearity. These methods for the detection of HCAs and acrylamide by LC-MS/MS were applied to real samples and were successfully used for quantitative monitoring in the total diet study and this can be applied to risk assessment in various food matrices.