• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.288-293
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the effects of the ethanol extract of aerial parts of Raphanus sativus L. (ERL) on breast cancer cell proliferation and gene expression associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of various concentrations (100, 200, or 300 ${\mu}g$/mL) of ERL. ERL significantly decreased cell proliferation after 48 h of incubation (P < 0.05). The protein and mRNA expression of $ErbB_2$ were decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The protein expression of $ErbB_3$ was decreased significantly at an ERL concentration of 300 ${\mu}g$/mL (P < 0.05), and mRNA expression of $ErbB_3$ was decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The protein expression of Akt was decreased significantly at the ERL concentration of 200 ${\mu}g$/mL (P < 0.05), and the protein expression of pAkt was decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of Akt was decreased significantly at the ERL concentration of 200 ${\mu}g$/mL ERL (P < 0.05). The protein and mRNA expression of Bax were increased significantly at ERL concentrations of 200 ${\mu}g$/mL or higher (P < 0.05). The protein expression of $Bcl_2$ was increased significantly at ERL concentrations of 100 ${\mu}g$/mL or higher (P < 0.05), and mRNA expression of $Bcl_2$ was increased significantly at an ERL concentration of 300 ${\mu}g$/mL (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we suggest that Raphanus sativus, L. inhibits cell proliferation via the ErbB-Akt pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.329-336
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• 1995

Raphanus sativus L. var. hortensis f. raphanistroides (wild radish: Brassicaceae), a herbaceous perennial, occurs only on beaches in East Asia. Genetic diversity and population structure of seven Korean populations were investigated using starch gel electrophoresis. Although the Korean populatins are small, isolated with patchy distribution, the population maintain a moderate level of genetic diversity; the mean percentage fo polymorphic loci was 51.4%, mean number of alleles per locus was 1.84, and mean expected heterozygosity was 0.116. A combination of animal-outcrossing breeding system, wide geographical distribution, restricted ecological distribution, and a propensity for high fecundity may in part be explanatory factors contributing the moderate level of genetic diversity within populations. An overall excess of homozygotes relative to Hardy-Weinberg expetations (mean FISa=0.116) indicates that consanguineous mating occur within wild radish populations, leading to a family structure within a circumscribed area. Although population of wild radish experience a limited gene flow, only 5% of the total genetic variation found in Korean wild radish populations examined is due to differences among populations (mean GST=0.052). This value is considerably lower than the mean values of species with similar life history and ecological characteristics. However, significant differences were found in allele frequencies between populations for all polymorphic loci (P<0.01). It is supposed that directional selection toward genetic uniformity (similar gene frequencies) in a relatively homogenous habitat is thought to be operated among Korean wild radish populations.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.123-123
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• 2005

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.548-553
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• 1998

A minor anionic isoperoxidase named $A_{3n}$, was isolated from Korean radish (Raphanus sativus L.) root. Purification of the enzyme was accomplished by CMcellulose chromatography, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. The enzyme was a glycoprotein with molecular weight of approximately 31,000 as determined by SDS-PAGE and 33,000 by Sepadex G-150 gel filtration, which is by far the smallest among the reported isoperoxidases. The pI value was 3.5. The optimum pH of the enzyme was 6.5 for guaiacol and $H_2O_2$, and the $K_m$ values for guaiacol and $H_2O_2$ were 13.3 mM and 1.5 mM, respectively. Kinetic studies with various substrates revealed that only A3n, unlike other isoperoxidases from radish, did not use scopoletin as a substrate and had very low $K_m$ value of 0.25 mM for ferolic acid among naturally occurring phenolic substrates.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.9 s.89
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• pp.1294-1297
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• 2007

To define diversity of domestic radish, we analysis genetic relationship of anti-fungal protein genes from several domestic radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds. We have isolated from domestic radish (Baekwoon) anti-fungal protein named RAP[12]. In this report, we isolate RNAs and raw protein from radish seeds then, RT-PCR analysis was done with another known anti-fungal sequences of radish from Gene Bank/EMBL and anti-fun- gal, anti-yeast activity were done against Bot교tis cenerea, Saccharomyces cerevisiaeι Candida albicans with it's raw proteins. The anti-fungal activity was shown used all seeds but anti-yeast activity was shown only two seeds (Myungsan, Baekwoon). RT-PCR products (about 0.2 Kb) were not shown only two seeds. To identify the sequencing relationship of the domestic radish, we have cloned and sequenced RAP genes of the radish and analysis the sequence relationship with clustalw program. Thus we report the result that there are some different relationship between domestic radish and known other radish's anti- fungal protein[15].

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.220.2-220
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• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.221.1-221
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• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.236-247
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• 1996

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrient solutions, substrates, and nutrient solution concentrations in substrate culture of radish(Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus). Cooper's, Hoagland ＆ Arnon' 5, and Yamazaki's solution were used to determine the most suitable nutrient solution in deep flow culture(DFC). In result, Yamazaki's solution treatment showed better results than Hoagland's and Cooper's solution treatments in leaf length, leaf number, shoot and root fresh weights. Cooper's solution was much worse than others. Root shape index were low as 0.6 in all treatments. The selection of suitable was conducted among 14 kinds of substrates which were used commercially, such as sand, perlite and peatmoss, in substrates culture. Sand was the most proper in radish growth and shortened the growth periods. Sand also showed better results then others in leaf length, leaf number, shoot and root fresh weight. On the contrary, radish growth in peatmoss was the worst. Generally, root shape index was higher in substrate than in DFC. In order to investigate the suitable ionic strength in radish, Yamazaki's solution was treated with EC of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mS/cm. Generally radish growth above 1.0 mS/cm concentration was good, and the best result was shown in 1.5 mS/cm. Vitamin C contents were not significantly different in the roots of radish grown under 1.0 mS/cm or more. The highest vitamin C content was shown in 0.5 mS/cm, and so was thiocyanate content. Anthocyanin contents increased with the increase of the ionic strength in nutrient solution. Mineral nutrient contents had no significant statistical differences between the treatments, but potassium content was remarkably high in 1.5 mS/cm.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.565-578
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• 2024

This study investigated the physicochemical quality, antioxidant activity, instrumental sensory characteristics of nurungi prepared from rice and dried-radish root bugak powder (DRBP). DRBP was made from dried-radish root bugak (DRB) coated with 80% superfine glutinous and 20% non-glutinous rice powders. The nurungji food products were prepared using 80% non-glutinous rice and 20% glutinous rice, and DRBP, which was added at different levels of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%, respectively (NR-2, NR-4, NR-6, NR-8, and NR-10). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were increased from 21.34 to 27.87 mL, and 7.46 to 20.05 mgNE/mL respectively, as the amounts of DRBP increased. Color L^*-value, pH, and hydration properties were decreased with the increased amounts of DRBP. The electronic tongue results showed that NR-6 sample had high umami scores and sourness compared to the control sample (NR-0). Furthermore, SEM images indicated different shapes between the control (NR-0) and other treatments. However, no differences among nurungji treated with DRBP. Therefore, the use of DRB coated with superfine glutinous and non-glutinous rice powders is a viable ingredient for nurungji preparation. This study shows that adding 6% DRBP produced nurungji with good- quality physicochemical and sensory characteristics.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2007

Three catalase cDNA clones were isolated from the small radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences showed the greatest homology to those of Arabidopsis. Genomic Southern blot analysis, using RsCat1 cDNA as a probe, showed that catalases are encoded by small multigene family in the small radish. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels revealed the presence of several catalase isozymes, the levels of which varied among the organs examined. The isozyme activities were assigned the individual catalase genes by Northern analysis using total RNA from different organs. The three catalase genes were differentially expressed in response to treatments such as white light, xenobiotics, osmoticum, and UV. Their expression in seedlings was controlled by the circadian clock under a light/dark cycle and/or in constant light. Interestingly, RsCat1 transcripts peaked in the morning, while those of RsCat2 and RsCat3 peaked in the early evening. Our results suggest that the RsCat enzymes are involved in defense against the oxidative stress induced by environmental changes.