• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1059-1068
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• 2022

Recently, research using image-based deep learning is being conducted to determine similar fonts or recommend fonts. In order to increase the accuracy in judging the similarity of Hangul fonts, a previous study was conducted to calculate the similarity according to the combination of stroke elements. In this study, we tried to solve this problem by designing an integrated model that reflects the weights for each stroke element. By comparing the results of the user's font similarity calculation conducted in the previous study and the weighted model, it was confirmed that there was no difference in the ranking of the influence of the stroke elements. However, as a result of comparison by letter sizes, it was confirmed that there was a difference in the ranking of the influence of stroke elements. Accordingly, we proposed a weighted model set separately for each font size.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.463-470
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• 2019

본 연구는 고품질 산양삼 생산을 위한 표준재배기술 개발을 위해 산양삼의 생육특성과 재배지의 입지환경 간의 상관관계를 구명하고자 하였다. 전국 9지역의 산양삼 재배지를 선정하여 13년생 산양삼의 생육특성을 조사하고, 각 재배지의 임상 및 토양 이화학성을 분석하여 입지환경과 산양삼 생육특성과의 상관관계를 확인하였다. 총9개의 재배지 중에서 산양삼의 생육특성은 거창과 함양 재배지에서 다른 재배지에 비해 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 임산과의 상관관계를 확인한 결과, 산양삼의 부피는 재배지 임상의 흉고직경과 유의적인 정의 상관관계를 보였고, 활엽수의 비율과 유의적인 부의 상관관계, 침엽수의 비율과는 유의적인 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 침엽수의 비율이 100%로 확인된 영월 재배지의 산양삼 생육특성이 다른 재배지에 비해 유의적으로 높지 않은 것으로 확인되어, 이러한 결과는 침활혼효림에서 침엽수의 비율과 상관관계가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 토양 특성과의 상관관계 분석에서는 재배지 토양의 pH, K, Ca, Mg과 생육특성 간의 유의적인 부의 상관관계를 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같이 산양삼의 생육특성과 입지환경 간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 산양삼의 생육은 재배지 임상의 흉고직경이 크고, 침활혼효림에서 침엽수의 비율이 높으며, 토양의 pH, K, Ca, Mg 함량이 높지 않은 재배지에서 적합하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 산양삼 재배에 적합한 재배적지의 입지환경 조건을 확인할 수 있었고, 산양삼은 7~20년 동안 무농약, 무비료의 청정환경에서 생산하는 것이 원칙이기 때문에 본 연구의 결과를 활용하여 향후 산양삼의 예상재배지를 선정하는데 있어 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권3호
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• pp.380-387
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• 2001

점봉산 일대 천연활엽수림의 17개 주요 구성 수종을 대상으로 수직적 구조에서의 광선의 강도를 주요 환경경사로 할 경우와 수평적 분포에서의 다차원의 자원을 환경경사로 할 경우의 생태지위의 특성을 평가한 결과는 다음과 같다. 수직적 생태지위폭은 물푸레나무가 가장 크고, 다릅나무가 가장 작으며, 수평적 생태지위폭은 당단풍이 가장 크고, 거제수나무가 가장 작은 것으로 나타났는데, 수종별 두 가지 생태지위폭 간의 상관관계는 없었다. 수종의 내음성 지수가 높을수록 수직적 생태지위폭과 수평적 생태지위폭은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 수종의 내음성 지수 순위에 따른 수직적 및 수평적 생태지위폭 순위에 대하여 Spearman의 순위상관을 분석한 결과, 수직적 생태지위폭에 대한 순위상관계수는 $r_s=0.432$($P{\leq}0.1$)로 산출되어, 95% 확률수준에서 유의성이 없었는데, 아교목성 생육형을 지닌 까치박달을 제외하면, Spearman의 순위상관계수는 $r_s=0.650$($P{\leq}0.01$)로 산출되어 고도의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 수평적 생태지위폭에 대한 Spearman의 순위상관계수는 $r_s=0.797$($P{\leq}0.01$)로 산출되어 고도의 유의성이 있는 관계가 성립되었다. 수평적 분포에서의 수종간 생태지위중복도를 바탕으로 cluster분석을 하여 분류된 4가지 수종군은 입지 요구도가 비슷한 수종들로 이루어졌으며, 수종간 정의 상관관계를 갖는 수종들의 연결 양상과 상당히 부합되었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to introduce a tool for evaluating eye movement and analyze the reliability of measurement based on 10 cases of evaluating the oculomotor function of children with spastic cerebral palsy Methods: The participants were selected by 6 medical and welfare institutions in Busan as GMFCS grade 1-3 among spastic diplegia and hemiplegia. Seven examiners evaluated 3 children for the evaluation of inter-rater agreement of Ocular Motor Score (OMS) and evaluated the condition of the ocular motor of 10 children using OMS, a re-examination was performed at six weeks after the initial examination. SPSS ver.25.0 was used to calculate the interclass correlation coefficient and Wilcoxon's signed-rank test, Mann Whitney-U test. Results: The inter-rater agreement of OMS was 0.89. Second mean values were decreased compared first examination in motility/ductions/version, saccades and smooth pursuit, but there was no significant difference. Children under 6 years old had a high mean value of saccades in first examination and the motility/ductions/version, fixation, saccades in second examination, but there was no significant difference. Spastic diplegia children's mean values were higher in head posture, fixation in 8 gaze directions than hemiplegia children in both first and second examination, but there were no significant differences. Conclusion: Ocular motor function in 10 children of spastic children who participated in the study and could see that the scores was differed depending on age, type, grade of cerebral palsy. OMS may be available for this purpose.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2003

This study provides some basic information on the improvement of diabetics' self-care activities through examining the patients' knowledge on diabetes, self-care activities, and how much they feel those activities are effective and through studying the correlation among the three factors. One hundred and fifty four patients were subjected to this study, who were treated or hospitalized in a hospital in Pusan. Researches were conducted from October 21 to November 9, 2002, and information were gathered by questionnaire and direct conversation with the patients. The data was processed through SPSS WIN 10.0 program. The Date were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The results of this study was the followings; 1) The subjects' knowledge on diabetes ranged from 6 to 23 points with a mean of 17.01 points. 2) The subjects' self-care activities ranged from 21 to 103 points with a mean of 67.72 points. That of the patients with regular treatments appeared to have the highest points (3.51) and the lowest points appeared in the measurement of sugar level in blood (2.60) 3) The subjects' feelings of effectiveness ranged from 21 to 103 points with a mean of 70.01 points. Drug therapy had the highest point (3.94) and diet showed the lowest (3.37) 4) In the general characteristics of the subjects, the more education a subject had, the more knowledge on diabetes he or she appeared to have (F=3.36, p=0.012). The self-care activities were significantly high among non-alcoholic subjects (F=4.301. p=.016). The subjects' feelings of effectiveness were higher in female patients than in male patients(t=2.132 , p=.035), and those in the ages between 51 and 60 felt more effectiveness (F=4.198. p=.003). In addition, married subjects felt more effectiveness than the unmarried (t=2.856, p=0.005), and the more education a patient had. the more effectivess he or she felt (F=2.879, p=.025). 5) In the subjects' pathological characteristic, the subjects who experienced diabetes education showed more knowledge on diabetes, more self-care activity, and more effectiveness than those without the education (t=3.193, p=.002; t=2.299, p=.023; t=2.128, p=.035). 6) As the results of the analyses of correlations among knowledge on diabetes, self-care activity, and effectiveness, the more knowledge on diabetes a patient had, the more self-care activity and the more effectiveness he or she showed (p=0.283. p=0.002; p=0.182, p=0.036). Self-care activity became higher as the feeling of effectiveness appeared higher (r=.550, p=.000). Based on the results above, several suggestions were made; 1) This study was conducted in one hospital, so it is difficult to generalize the results. It is necessary to gather more information from more patients through repeated researches. 2) The study on the other factors which can affect a patient's self-care activity is required. 3) The development of a program which improves a patient's self-care activity, knowledge on diabetes. and effectiveness is needed.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2000

원자력 시설의 정상 운영중 오염 음식물 섭취에 의한 피폭선량 평가모델 (미국 원자력규제위원회의 규제지침 1.109 모델)의 입력변수에 대한 민감도 분석을 3가지 음식물 (쌀, 엽채류, 우유)과 2가지 핵종 $(^{137}Cs,\;^{131}I)$에 대해 수행하였다. 입력변수 값의 표본추출은 Monte Ca린o 방법에 근거한 Latin hypercube sampling 기법을 사용하였다. 모델 예측결과에 대한 입력변수의 영향력 또는 중요도를 나타내는 민감도지수는 partial rank correlation coefficient 의해 정량적으로 나타냈다. 평가결과, 고려된 음식물과 핵종에 대해 농작물의 수율에 대한 차단계수의 비와 음식물의 소비율은 중요한 입력 변수로 나타났다. 그외 우유의 경우 사료에서 우유로의 전달계수와 젖소의 사료 섭취율도 한 중요한 입력변수로 나타났다. $^{137}Cs$ 침적의 경우에는 기후에 의한 핵종의 제거 반감기가, $^{131}I$ 침적의 경우에는 생산에서 소비까지의 지연시간이 상대적으로 중요한 입력변수였다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of in vitro study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy to detect non-cavitated enamel caries on smooth surface by using four kinds of the QLF devices. Materials and Methods: A total of 52 human permanent premolars and molars were used. Fluorescence images were captured by the QLF devices (Inspektor Pro, QLF-D, Qraycam, and Qraypen). Fluorescence loss of the QLF was calculated. The severity of lesions was categorized into the following 3 scores using polarized light microscopy: normal (S), enamel demineralization to outer half of enamel (D1), and inner half of the enamel up to the dentin-enamel junction (D2). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the fluorescence loss among the QLF devices. Spearman rank correlation coefficient between histological scores and fluorescence loss of the devices was calculated. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) were calculated to compare their diagnostic accuracies. Results: The correlation coefficients between histological scores and the fluorescence loss of the devices showed 0.77 to 0.81 (P < 0.001). All histological scores, the fluorescence loss among the devices showed no statistical difference. Among the devices, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values of the fluorescence loss showed 0.84 to 0.94, 0.76 to 0.90, and 0.90 to 0.92, respectively. Conclusions: All QLF devices had no difference with excellent diagnostic accuracies to detect non-cavitated enamel caries on smooth surface.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.294-304
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between dietary behavior and the nutrient intake status in the youth of rural areas, based on their personal characters such as their sex, age, family type, number of family members, mother's age, occupation, and school career. This study was made by use of a self-administrated questionnaire with a 24-hour recall for 5days as an instrument with 439 randomly selected students. Statistical methods applied to analyze the data were frequency, percent, Willcoxon Rank-sum test, Kruskal-wallis test, x2-test by contingence table, and Spearman's correlation coefficient in non parametric statistical cases. Some of the interesting results are as follows : 1) The correlation between sex and breakfast is highly significant. That is, over 80% of male students had breakfast every day, whereas only about 60% of female students had breakfast every day. Bad table manners and some other problems are insignificant with respect to the personal characters in the relations between the personal characters and eating behaviors. However, the regularity of every meal, the frequency of having meals with other family members, and the frequency of meals eaten out and snacks show significant differences. 2) The mother's occupation does not have any influence on the nutrient intake of their students when the relationship between personal characters and nutrient intake was analysed. On the other hand sex, the mother's school career, the numbers of family members, the type of family, and the income of the family showed significant differences nutrient intakes. 3) The regularity and the frequency of having meals, meals eaten out with their family members, and the table manners during meals showed significant differences in the intake of nutrient elements such as calorie, protein, fat, fiber, calcium, iron, phosphorus, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin and vitamin C. However some consideration during meals and problems in eating habit are insignificant with regard to nutrient intake.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 1999

배경: 흉부결핵의 외과적 치료성적을 분석하여 안정성을 확인하고 적응증을 넓히고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1992년 1월부터 1995년 5월까지 흉부결핵으로 진단받고 수술을 받은 107명중 저자에게 시술받은 87명의 병록지를 후향 분석하였다. 환자를 4군으로 분류하였다. 제 1군은 폐엽병변의 쇄기절제술 여부에 관계없이 폐박피술을 시행한 45명이고, 제 2군은 개흉술 여부에 관계없이 늑막주위 및 늑골결핵을 수술한 23명이며, 제 3군은 일측전폐적출술을 시행한 12명였으며, 제 4군은 시험적 개흉술 혹은 쇄기절제술을 시행받은 7명이었다. 결과: 수술 후 사망례는 없었으며, 수술 후 합병증은 흉벽육종을 동반한 환자에서 1례(1.1%)발생하였다. 결론: 적절한 내과적 치료 후 흉부결핵의 정확한 수술요법은 안전하고 만족스러운 결과를 보였으며, 근치를 위한 적응이 되며, 결핵균 보균자의 퇴출목적으로 수술 적응증을 넓일 수 있다는 것을 본 연구를 통하여 제시한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2008

Purpose: We measured the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (OLBPDI) and related factors in patients with low back pain. Methods: The sample consisted of 50 patients who received physical therapy at the physical therapy units of the Andong Seoul Sintong Clinic, St. Luke Clinic, and Yeongju Seoul Sintong Clinic in Andong and Yeongju city from October, 2007, to February, 2008. The OLBPDI questionnaire was administered by 5 physical therapists as a cross-sectional study. Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA/Tukey and Scheffe) were used to analyze OLBPDI score differences. We also used nonparametric statistic analysis (Wilcoxon rank sum test, Median test). Pearson correlation analysis (Spearman correlation analysis) was used to analyze the relationship between OLBPDI and the visual analogue scale (VAS). Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of independent variables on pain scores as defined by the OLBPDI. Results: The average patient age was 37.1 years (range: 18$\sim$78 years old), and time from onset was 21.7 months (1$\sim$180). OLBPD and VAS scores were 12.70 (3.0$\sim$28.0) and 5.14 (1$\sim$8), respectively. OLBPDI scores were 14.4 in patients taking medicine and 11.57 in those who did not. There was a statistically significant relationship between OLBPDI and VAS (r=0.54, p=0.0001; r=0.55, p=0.0001 by Spearman coefficient). Gender ($\beta$=6.14, p=0.0124), age ($\beta$=-2.01, p=0.0324), weight ($\beta$=0.31, p=0.0222), time from onset ($\beta$=1.54, p=0.0044), and VAS score ($\beta$=1.59, p=0.0004) were significantly associated with OLBPD by multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: Variables associated with OLBPD were gender, age, weight, time from onset, and VAS score. Collecting information on the pain index using OLBPDI was acceptable to patients with low back pain. Further research should explore the pain index by using larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods.