• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate how a labor saving for conventional hand sowing and respond to major agronomic traits under different planting density in 1993 and 1994. Each trial was a randomized block split plot with row spacing as the main plots and hill spacing as subplots. Sowing rate appeared lower in 20 or 25cm hill spacing using machine seeder than in hand sowing. Sowing time required reduced more 121 hours per hectare in 60cm row, 20cm hill spacings using machine seeder than in hand sowing. Increasing row and hill spacings reduced number of seedling stand per unit $area(m^2)$. Both number of pods per plant and grain weight per plant and showed highly increase in wide planting. Best yield obtained in 60cm row, 20cm hill spacing using machine seeder. Accumulative mean air temperature was positively correlated with stem height, number of pods per plant and yield, otherwise accumulative rainfall was negatively correlated with ones. A highly significant negative correlation was showed between number of seedling stand per unit $area(m^2)$ and number of branches, number of pods per plant, grain weight per plant and yield. Yield was positively correlated with number of branches, number of pods per plant and grain weight per plant.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2009

Purpose: In arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs there are generally weak link in tendon suture interface, arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs can have higher retear rates than open repairs. The purpose of this study was to compare the strength of UU (Ulsan University) suture than open modified MA (Mason-Allen) suture when suture anchored into bone. Materials and Methods: The human supraspinatus tendons were harvested from the shoulder of the cadaver and split in 2 times, producing four tendons per one shoulder, for a total of 24 specimens. Two suture configurations (UU, MA) were randomized and checked on each set of tendons. Specimens were cyclically loaded under force control between 5 and 30 N at 0.25 Hz for fifty cycles. Each specimen was loaded to failure under displacement control at 1 mm/sec. Cyclic elongation, peak to peak displacement, stiffness, ultimate tensile load, mode of failure were checked. Results: No significant difference was found between two suture configuration with respect to peak to peak displacement, cyclic elongation, and stiffness. With regard to ultimate failure load, there were no significant difference statistically between the UU suture and modified MA suture (109.4 N, 110.6 N). The most common mode of failure between both sutures was suture pull-out through the tendon. Conclusion: The UU suture and modified MA suture produced similar biomechanical properties.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.743-752
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of filtered water with silicate minerals on growth performance and pork quality. A total of 64 pigs were allotted at 37.95 kg body weight to 4 treatments in a randomized complete block(RCB) design. Each treatment had 4 replicates and treatments were I) Con(basaI diet). 2) Si-I(consumed silicate mineral filtered water and silicate mineral additive during 4 weeks before market weight), 3) Si-Il( consumed silicate mineral filtered water and silicate mineral additive during 8 weeks before market weight) and 4) Si-I1I(consumed silicate mineral filtered water and silicate mineral additive during 12 weeks before market weight). Silicate complex was added at 0.8% to basal diet. All pigs were allowed to feed and water ad libitum for 12 weeks. During last 4 weeks, average daily gain(ADG) in Si-Il and Si-III group was higher than that in Si-I group(P < 0.05). However overall experimental period, there were no significant differences in growth performance among all treatments. Acceptability of cooked pork at 7th day after slaughter in Si-lII group was higher than that in Con group(P < 0.05). The value of pH of fresh pork at 6 hours after slaughter was lower in Si-I1I group than that in Con group(P < 0.05). TBA values of fresh pork at 14th day after slaughter were lower in Si-II and Si-III groups than Con group(P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that pork quality could be improved when pigs consumed both silicate mineral and silicate mineral filtered water. However, growth performance was not improved by the consumption of silicate mineral filtered water and silicate mineral.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.481-490
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• 2007

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of MOS, lectin and organic acid mixture(Organic acid F, Organic acid G) on the egg production, egg quality, profile of leukocytes and erythrocytes, small intestinal microflora and immune response in laying hens. A total of 900 Hy-line BrownⓇ laying hens of 48 wks old were assigned to one of the following 6 dietary treatments:control(C), C+AvillamycinⓇ 6ppm, C+MOS 250ppm, C+lectin 12.5ppm, C+Organic acid F(formic acid 35.4%, formate 34.6%, potassium 30.0%) 0.3% and C+0rgarnic acid G(fumaric acid 23%, calcium formate 14%, potassium sorbate 5%, calcium propionate 7%) 0.06%. Each treatment was replicated five times with thirty birds per replicate, housed in 2 bird cages. Feeding trial lasted for 6 wks under 16 hours lighting regimen. All supplemental groups were higher than the control in 6 wks hen-day and hen-housed egg production showing the highest with MOS treatment(P<0.05). Soft & broken egg productions were lower in supplemental groups than in the control except lectin treatment(P<0.05). Eggyolk color of supplemental groups was higher than that of the control except Organic acid G treatment(P<0.05). The values of RBC, HB, MCHC were highest in lectin treatment and lowest in MOS treatment(P<0.05). The numbers of intestinal microflora were not significantly different among the treatments. Serum IgG levels of all supplemental groups were higher than those of the control(P<0.05). In conclusion, for supplementation of antibiotics, immune modulators and organic acid mixture improved production parameters in general. Among the supplements, MOS showed the best performance in egg production and eggyolk color.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.426-436
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• 2017

Purpose: To compare the extent to which three different levels of D-ribose in sugar reduce the glycemic index (GI) and blood glucose response in healthy adults. Methods: Healthy adults (eight male and six female participants, n = 14) fasted for 14~16 h after eating the same dinner. Participants were then randomized to receive glucose, sucrose, sucrose containing 5% D-ribose (RB5), sucrose containing 10% D-ribose (RB10), or sucrose containing 14% D- ribose (RB14) every week on the same day for 10 weeks (repeating the sample twice). Blood samples were collected by finger prick before and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after starting to eat. Results: We observed a decreased glycemic response to sucrose containing D-ribose. GIs for sucrose, RB5, RB10, and RB14 were 67.39, 67.07, 47.57, and 45.62, respectively. GI values for sucrose and RB5 were similar to those for foods with a medium GI, and GI values for RB10 and RB14 were similar to those for foods with a low GI. The postprandial maximum blood glucose rise (Cmax) with RB14 was the lowest among the test foods. Cmax values for RB10 and RB14 were significantly lower than that for sucrose. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that sucrose containing D-ribose has an acute suppressive effect on GI and Cmax. In addition, D-ribose active elements in sugar may be effective in preventing blood glucose spikes induced by sucrose intake.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.6099-6111
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• 2015

This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effects of aquatic exercise and land-based exercise in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. 7 studies (n=449) met selection and exclusion criteria out of 287 potential studies obtained from the literature search via Ovid-Medline, Cochrane Library CENTRAL, CINAHL, RISS and KISS. The overall risk of bias of selected studies using SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) checklist for randomized controlled trials (RCT) was regarded as low. As a result of meta analysis, Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) for pain was -0.26(95% CI -0.49, -0.03, p=0.03, $I^2=14%$), which implies that aquatic exercise groups had significant less pain than land-based exercise groups. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between aquatic exercise groups and land based exercise groups for flexion Range of Motion (ROM) (-0.12, 95% CI -0.51, 0.27, p=0.53, $I^2=0%$), extension ROM (-0.04, 95% CI -0.55, 0.48, p=0.89, $I^2=43%$), physical function (-0.12, 95% CI -0.44, 0.19, p=0.44, $I^2=0%$), Quality of Life (QOL) (-0.15, 95% CI -0.54, 0.24, p=0.46, $I^2=0%$). This study has some limitations due to few RCTs comparing aquatic exercise groups and land-based exercise groups in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, further RCTs should be conducted along with long-term outcomes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.502-508
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• 1998

Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$) have been implicated in myocardial and organ dysfunction associated with postperfusion syndrome. We tested the hypothesis that cytokine productions are depressed by preoperative cortiosteroid injection for cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) and the postoperative courses will be better than without steriod pretreated cases. Cardiac surgery was performed in randomized blind fashion for 20 patients from June 1996 to September 1996. In the steroid group(n=10), corticosteroid(dexamethasone 1 mg/kg) was injected 1 hour before anesthetic induction, but in the control group(n=10), nothing was injected. Each of groups were sampled 11 times as scheduled for TNF-$\alpha$ bioassays. We have checked EKG, cardiac enzymes(CPK, LDH with isoenzyme), WBC count preoperative day, one day and three days after operation. Viatal signs were continuously monitored for three postoperaive days. In the postoperative period three patients in the control group had elevated body temperature and four patients had hypotension that required considerable intravenous fluid administration. But steroid injected patients showed normal body temperture and acceptable blood pressures without supportive treatment. CPK enzymes rose in control group higher than steroid group at postoperative 1st and 3rd day(CPK; 1122$\pm$465 vs 567$\pm$271, 864$\pm$42 vs 325$\pm$87), and CPK-MB enzymes rose in control group higher than steroid group at postoperative 1st day(106.4$\pm$115.1 vs 29.5$\pm$22.4)(P=0.02). Arterial tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ rose during cardiopulmonary bypass, peaking at 5 minutes before the end of aortic cross clamping(ACC-5min) in steroid group(11.9$\pm$4.7 pg/ml), and 5 minutes before the end of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB-5min) in control group(22.3$\pm$6.8 pg/ml). The steroid pretreated patients had a shorter period of time in respirator suport time, ICU stay day, hospital admission day. We conclude that corticosteroid suppress cytokine production during and after cardiopulmonary bypass, and may improve the postoperative course through inhibition of reperfusion injury such as myocardial stunning and hemodynamic instability.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.456-465
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• 1998

Cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) in children is associated with the accumulation of body water after cardiac operation, as a consequence of an inflammatory capillary leak. Following work by Elliott in 1991, modified ultrafiltration(MUF) was introduced after bypass as a means of hemoconcentrating patients and a potential way of removing water from the tissues. We have carried out a prospective randomized study of 20 children undergoing open heart surgery, comparing MUF with nonfiltered controls. MUF was carried out for a mean of 18.9 minutes after completion of CPB to a hematocrit of 37.1%(mean). The mean water volulme removed by the ultrafiltration was 38.4 ml/kg and the mean blood volume retransfused from the oxygenator during the ultrafiltration was 32.1 ml/kg. Fluid balance, hemodynamics, hematocrit, osmolarity and dosage of drug treatment were recorded for 4∼12 hours postoperatively. The results were analyzed using Student t-test and ANOVA, comparing controls(n=10) to MUF(n=10). Blood loss(ml/kg/24hr) was 14.5(mean) in MUF versus 13.7 in controls; blood transfused(ml/kg/24hr) 6.6 in MUF versus 15.2 in controls; plasma transfused(ml/kg/24hr) 65.7 in MUF versus 59.6 in controls. There was rise in arterial blood pressure and hematocrit during MUF. Percent rise of systolic blood pressure was 28.8% in MUF versus 18.7% in controls(p=0.366); percent rise of diastolic blood pressure was 28.8% in MUF versus 8.5% in controls(p=0.135); and percent rise of mean blood pressure was 36.2% in MUF versus 8.2% in controls (p=0.086). Percent rise of hematocrit was 40.0% in MUF versus 23.5% in controls(p=0.002). There was no significant difference in the inotropic requirement and the postoperative serum osmolarity between two groups. The number of days on the ventilator, the duration of stay in the intensive care unit, and the postoperative hospital stay were not significantly different between the two groups.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 1998

Arrhythmias are common after cardiac surgery and are multifactorial. Intravenous magnesium administration reduces the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias in patient with symptomatic heart failure or acute myocardial infarction. This study was designed to evaluate the role of magnesium in preventing PVCs(premature ventricular contractions) occurred frequently after coronary artery bypass graft(CABG). 50 consecutive patients were prospectively entered into a randomized trial to determine the efficacy of postoperative magnesium therapy on the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias after elective coronary artery bypass graft. The patients underwent coronary angiography, echocardiography, electrocardiography and clinical laboratory study preoperatively. Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring was done and magnesium level was checked 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours postoperatively. Study group of 25 patients were given 4g of magnesium continuously over the first 24 hours and then 2g/24hours from 25 to 72 hours. The clinical characteristics of both groups were similar(p<0.05). The preoperative mean serum magnesium concentration was similar in both study group, 1.59mg/dl and control group, 1.71mg/dl. The mean postoperative serum magnesium concentration in study group elevated significantly over postoperative 12hours through 36hours(p<0.05). The postoperative mean serum magnesium concentration in control group declined and remained significantly depressed over immediate postoperation through 72hours. The mean serum magnesium concentration was significantly greater in the study group compared with the control group over postoperative 3hours through 72hours(p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in the incidence of arrhythmias such as PVCs(p<0.01) which might jeopardize hemodynamics. There were no recognized adverse effects of magnesium Administration. In conclusion, prophylactic magnesium administration seems to lessen the incidence and severity of rrhythmias after coponary artery bypass graft.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.1 s.270
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• pp.8-16
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• 2007

Background: We performed a prospective clinical study to evaluate the ultrastructural integrity of the myocardium after using Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate (HTK) solution in comparison with blood cardioplegic solution during congenital heart surgery. Material and Method: Twenty two patients with acyanotic heart disease, who were scheduled for elective open heart surgery, were randomized into two groups. The HTK Group (n=11) received HTK cardioplegic solution; the blood group (n=11) received conventional blood cardioplegic solution during surgery. The preoperative diagnoses included ventricular septal defect (n=9) and atrial septal defect (n=2) in each group. A small biopsy specimen was taken from the right ventricle's myocardium, and this was processed for ultrastructural examination at the end of 30 minutes of reperfusion. Semiquantitative electron microscopy was carried out 'blindly' in 4 areas per specimen and in 5 test fields per area by 'random systematic sampling' and 'point and intersection counting'. The morphology of the mitochondrial membrane and cristae were then scored. The interstitial edema of the myocardium was also graded. Result: The semiquantitative score of the mitochondrial morphology was $19.65{\pm}4.75$ in the blood group and $25.25{\pm}5.85$ in the HTK group (p=0.03). 6 patients (54.5%) in the blood group and 3 patients (27.3%) in the HTK group were grade 3 or more for the interstitial edema of the myocardium. Conclusion: The ultrastructural integrity was preserved even better with HTK solution than with conventional blood cardioplegic solution.